不同红光与远红光对盐胁迫下番茄叶绿素合成的影响

以番茄"MoneyMaker"植株为试材,采用营养液水培方法,在盐胁迫下设置不同红光(R)与远红光(FR)处理,T_1(R∶FR=7.4)、T_2(R∶FR=1.2)、T_3(R∶FR=0.8),以正常营养液栽培(R∶FR=7.4)为对照,研究了在盐胁迫条件下不同红光与远红光比值(R∶FR)光环境对番茄生长指标、叶绿素及其前体物质含量和气体交换参数的影响,探讨低R∶FR光环境对盐胁迫下叶绿素合成途径的影响。结果表明:在盐胁迫下,番茄植株的干质量、鲜质量、叶绿素a(Chl a)含量、叶绿素b(Chl b)含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)均显著下降,叶绿素含量下降导致光合能力下降,进一步造成干物质积累减少;在盐胁迫下,降低番茄植株光环境中的R∶FR值,干物质量、气体交换参数和叶绿素含量均显著上升,且在T_3处理下显著高于T_2处理。盐胁迫下番茄叶片中的5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)、胆色素原(PBG)和尿卟啉Ⅲ(UroⅢ)的含量显著升高,而原卟啉Ⅸ(ProtoⅨ)、镁原叶琳Ⅸ(Mg-protoⅨ)和原叶绿素酸酯(Pchl)显著降低。低R∶FR处理降低了ALA、PBG、UroⅢ的积累量,增加了ProtoⅨ、Mg-protoⅨ、Pchl的含量,同时降低了Chl a/b的值,T_2和T_3处理中的差异不明显。表明低R∶FR值光环境通过促进叶绿素合成缓解了番茄受到的盐胁迫,R∶FR值为0.8时效果最佳,盐胁迫下番茄叶绿素合成受阻的起始点在ProtoⅨ的合成过程,低R∶FR值能缓解叶绿素合成受阻碍的程度,R∶FR值为1.2和0.8对叶绿素合成的促进没有显著差异。     

氮磷钾不同配比对加工番茄育苗质量的影响

以新疆加工番茄主栽品种"里格尔87-5"为试材,采用正交设计,设置N、P、K不同配比25个处理,各处理分3次喷施加工番茄穴盘苗,测定分析幼苗的株高、茎基粗、叶面积、鲜重、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、地上部鲜重、干重和地下部鲜重、干重,并计算干重根冠比和壮苗指数。结果表明:第2次喷施肥后,2kg水配N∶P∶K为2.73∶2.73∶4.90g(处理13)溶液喷施幼苗,株高和单株鲜重增长量最多;2kg水配N∶P∶K为3.08∶0.91∶2.94g(处理11)溶液喷施幼苗,单株叶面积增长量最大。在加工番茄穴盘苗第2次喷施肥,即2~4叶期,N∶P∶K合理配比可显著增加加工番茄穴盘苗单株叶面积、株高和鲜重,促进营养生长。喷施肥3次后,2kg水配N∶P∶K为2.36∶1.82∶1.47g(处理24)溶液喷施幼苗,叶绿素含量SPAD值最高;2kg水配N∶P∶K为3.08∶0.91∶2.94g(处理11)溶液喷施幼苗,单株叶面积最大。氮素养分对加工番茄穴盘苗的单株叶面积影响显著,对叶绿素含量SPAD值影响极显著,各处理对加工番茄穴盘苗的株高、茎基粗、地上部干重、根部干重、全株干重、干重根冠比及壮苗指数影响不显著。     

不同营养供应方式对番茄穴盘苗种苗质量的影响

以番茄品种齐达利为材料,研究了4个处理,T1(CK0):基质中不添加肥料,出苗后也不追肥;T2:基质中添加莱瑞育苗专用肥1号1 kg/m3,后期不追肥;T3(CK1):基质中添加莱瑞育苗专用肥1号1 kg/m3,子叶展平后浇灌莱瑞育苗专用肥1号;T4:基质中添加莱瑞育苗专用肥1号1 kg/m3,子叶展平后交替浇灌莱瑞育苗专用肥1号和2号,对番茄幼苗生长发育和种苗质量的影响.结果表明,T4处理的番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、根长、根表面积、根体积、根直径、干物质含量、壮苗指数均显著高于其他处理,且幼苗的SPAD值、光合速率、蒸腾速率均显著高于其他处理.综合形态指标和生理指标考虑,T3(CK1)处理下番茄幼苗生长正常;T4处理可提高番茄幼苗的种苗质量,较T3(CK1)处理提前2d达到4叶1心期.     

复配花生糠基质对番茄穴盘苗质量的影响

以粉果番茄品种棚冠为试材，研究了7种复配花生糠基质对番茄穴盘苗质量的影响。结果表明，花生糠∶牛粪∶炉渣=6 V∶2 V∶2 V的基质配方理化性质较好，番茄穴盘苗茎粗、株高、茎叶鲜质量及干质量、根干质量、壮苗指数6项指标均高于其他6个处理，并显著高于对照（草炭∶蛭石=2 V∶1 V），叶绿素含量与对照无显著差异。     

沸石添加对番茄幼苗素质的影响

以草碳、蛭石 (2V∶1V)为基本基质添加不同比例的沸石 ,就其对番茄幼苗生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,幼苗茎粗、叶面积、干物质量和壮苗指数随沸石量的增加而增加。同时基质中添加沸石对叶片的光合色素含量、光合参数和根系生长等方面也有不同程度的影响。     

蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗生长的影响

以蚓粪复合基质和茄子幼苗为试材,研究蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在茄子整个幼苗生长期,蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗成苗率,地上部分的开展度、株高、茎粗、叶绿素、叶片数和鲜(干)重等增加作用显著优于对照基质。蚓粪中添加中低量氮素(0.5~1.0 kg尿素/m3)比高氮添加量(2.0 kg尿素/m3)更有利于茄子幼苗地上部分生长和鲜(干)重的累积。高氮添加量处理在中、后期的有益效果逐步显现。蚓粪复合基质幼苗的根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数等在生长中、后期均显著高于对照基质处理;中低量氮素添加量有利于提高茄子幼苗成苗率,各处理成苗率在苗中、后期无明显变化。新鲜蚓粪与蛭石按4∶1的体积比混合后,添加适量无机养分制成的复合基质可以作为茄子育苗基质。综合成本和幼苗生长情况,蚓粪复合基质中以添加尿素1.0 kg/m3为宜。     

黄瓜蚯蚓粪基质穴盘育苗肥料添加量的研究

将蚯蚓粪和蛭石按2:1(体积比)的比例组成复合基质,然后添加不同数量的CO(NH2)2和KNO3,用于黄瓜穴盘育苗.根据壮苗指数,筛选出的最佳肥料添加量是CO(NH2)2 0.8 kg/m3和KNO3 0.4 kg/m3,与常规草炭系基质相比,黄瓜幼苗的出苗率、叶绿素总量和单株干重分别提高1%,68.9%和34.9%.     

氮肥对番茄衰老调控及产量的影响

以大粉果番茄"西方519"为试材,系统研究了氮素水平对番茄叶片衰老及产量的影响,以探讨设施栽培条件下番茄高产适宜的施氮量。结果表明:番茄叶片中叶绿素含量和净光合速率、保护酶活性均随着氮素水平的增加而增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量则随着施氮量的增加而降低,当施氮量超过300kg·hm~(-2)时,上述指标变化不显著,表明合理施氮可以使番茄植株延缓衰老;增施氮肥可以显著提高番茄产量,当氮肥使用量在300kg·hm~(-2)时产量最高,氮肥用量为200kg·hm~(-2)时经济系数最高。     

聚天门冬氨酸对基质培育樱桃番茄幼苗生长的影响

为探究聚天门冬氨酸（PASP）对基质培育樱桃番茄幼苗生长的促进作用,以特美瑞191番茄为材料,研究不同添加量对樱桃番茄幼苗生长发育的影响,探析适合壮苗培育的添加比例。试验结果如下：与对照相比,在育苗基质中添加聚天门冬氨酸,促进了樱桃番茄幼苗的生长和生物量的有效积累,幼苗光合作用和根系活力增加,幼苗体内矿物质元素含量显著增加;其中30 g/kg (T2处理)聚天门冬氨酸综合效果最佳,壮苗指数最高。     

促腐剂对菇渣发酵过程的影响及育苗基质优化研究

以菇渣为原料,添加促腐剂、尿素进行堆积发酵,研究菇渣发酵过程中温度、发酵天数、养分含量及理化性质的变化;确定发酵最优处理后,对其进行不同剂量保水剂、C/N及基质配比的3因素3水平育苗基质正交试验.结果表明:加入促腐剂、尿素后,菇渣发酵的高温持续时间延长,腐熟时间缩短,理化性质得到改善.同时添加尿素、促腐剂的处理3,菇渣发酵效果最好、发酵最彻底,与CK相比,高温持续时间增加了6d、腐熟时间缩短了7d、最高温度增加了12℃.发酵结束后,各处理总孔隙度增加,通气性变好,持水能力加强,蒸发速率减小,氮、磷、钾含量升高,但EC值较大,C/N较低.对处理3菇渣发酵基质进行3因素3水平正交试验,得出适合番茄和辣椒幼苗生长的最佳组合A2B2C3,即保水剂添加量4 kg/m3,菇渣与珍珠岩(V/V)3∶1,C/N为35:1.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Effect of trichosanthes injection on expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of vascular smooth muscle cell in rabbit

AIM: To observe the effect of thichosanthes injection on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC). METHODS: The expression of PCNA of cultured rabbit aortic SMC was examined with LSAB immunohistochemical technique, and [³H]-thymidine( [³H]-TdR) incorporation data of SMC and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO), prostacyclin (PGI₂) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) in medium were simultaneously determined. RESULTS: Thichosanthes injection has an effects of increasing SOD activity, decreasing LPO, elevating PGI₂ and cAMP, reducing [³H]-TdR incorporation and expression of PCNA (all P＜0.05,P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Thichosanthes could inhibit SMC proliferation.     

Role of cyclic nucleotides in the acute hypoxic responses of hypoxic subcultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells

AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals.