育苗基质种类和穴盘规格对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响

选用"宝大906"番茄作供试品种,采用江苏省生产上常用的3种不同基质和5种不同规格的穴盘组成8个处理,对多个番茄幼苗质量性状进行了研究。研究结果表明,基质种类及穴盘规格对番茄幼苗的生长发育均有影响,其中有机活性基质和32孔穴盘对幼苗的生长发育最为有利。     

育苗基质和穴盘规格对辣椒及茄子幼苗生长发育的影响

选用苏椒五号、扬茄1号作试材,采用江苏地区生产上应用的3种不同基质和5种不同规格的穴盘组成15种处理,对多个辣椒、茄子幼苗质量性状进行了研究,分析了不同育苗基质种类和穴盘规格对幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:基质种类对辣椒、茄子幼苗生长发育的影响较大,其中药渣对幼苗的生长发育最为有利,而穴盘规格对幼苗的生长发育的差异不明显。     

不同穴盘规格对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响

分析3种不同规格的穴盘对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,育苗前期,72孔穴盘所育番茄幼苗株高、茎粗和叶绿素含量显著优于其他规格穴盘;育苗后期,32孔穴盘幼苗长势最好,幼苗各部分指标均较高。为促进幼苗更好的生长发育,用32孔穴盘育番茄苗较为适宜。     

sky gel保水剂对不同规格穴盘番茄育苗用量的研究

进行了sky gel保水剂对不同规格穴盘(72孔和128孔)番茄育苗用量的研究.研究结果表明,2种规格穴盘.在测定的3个育苗时期(苗龄为16 d,19 d,22 d)内,基质含水量都随着保水剂浓度的增加而增加,呈线形正相关;基质含水量在测定时问内变化范围较小,说明sky gel保水剂的反复吸水能力较强.通过对番茄幼苗各形态指标进行测定,表明72孔穴盘较128孔穴盘更适合番茄幼苗的生长,保水剂浓度为每1 L基质加2 g保水剂较适合.综合各因素表明,采用72孔穴盘、保水剂浓度为2 g/L时,番茄幼苗生长茁壮,商品出苗率高.     

育苗基质和穴盘规格对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响

本试验以辣椒亮剑为供试品种,选取5种营养型育苗基质和3种规格的穴盘育苗,在满足集约化育苗条件下的大棚进行试验．研究基质理化特性及不同处理辣椒幼苗的生长发育,筛选出最佳的育苗基质和穴盘规格。结果表明：选用基质A1的辣椒幼苗表现最好;辣椒育苗以A2（72孔穴盘）为宜。     

基质、穴盘规格和苗龄对辣椒幼苗生长的影响

以辣椒"绿将军"为试材,在现代化育苗温室条件下,研究了3种育苗基质、3种穴盘规格(72、98、105孔)和3个苗龄(45、50、55d)对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响,筛选出适宜辣椒育苗秧苗生长的基质、穴盘规格及苗龄的最佳组合。结果表明:基质A1适宜辣椒育苗;72、98孔规格穴盘的秧苗质量优于105孔的;55、50d苗龄的秧苗质量优于45d苗龄的;辣椒育苗的最佳组合为基质A1、72孔穴盘、55d苗龄的组合。     

纸钵育苗对番茄、辣椒幼苗生长和壮苗指数的影响

以番茄和辣椒为试验材料,比较纸钵育苗与穴盘育苗对幼苗生长及壮苗指数的影响.试验结果表明,采用纸钵培育的番茄、辣椒幼苗生长发育、物质积累、根系生长和壮苗指数等各项性状指标均不同程度优于穴盘培育,其幼苗生长较好,质量较高.其中番茄幼苗对水肥适应性相对较强,2种育苗方式的幼苗质量差异较小,纸钵育苗提高幼苗质量的作用相对较小;而辣椒幼苗对水肥适应性相对较弱,2种育苗方式的幼苗质量差异较大,纸钵育苗能大幅提高幼苗质量.应用纸钵育苗技术能更好地调控育苗基质的环境质量,促使番茄、辣椒幼苗稳定高效生长,提高壮苗指数,在生产应用中有较大优势.     

不同密度对密闭型育苗设施中番茄幼苗生长的动态影响

以番茄中杂9号为试材,利用不同规格穴盘研究不同密度对密闭型育苗设施中番茄幼苗个体及群体生长的动态影响。结果表明：出苗后第13天时,各处理番茄幼苗生长发育正常,而出苗16 d后200孔和288孔处理的番茄幼苗遮光严重,不适于培育更长苗龄的番茄幼苗,此时番茄幼苗2片真叶,株高5.5 cm左右,茎粗2 mm左右|128孔处理的番茄幼苗在第23天时出现较严重的遮挡现象,72孔处理仍存在空隙,若培育更长苗龄的番茄幼苗可选用72孔或穴孔面积更大的穴盘,此时番茄幼苗4片真叶,株高14 cm左右,茎粗3.5 mm左右。     

不同规格穴盘及保水剂用量对甘蓝幼苗生长的影响

研究了Skygel保水剂对不同规格穴盘(72孔和128孔)甘蓝育苗用量的影响.结果表明:2种规格穴盘,在测定的3个育苗时期内,基质含水量都随着保水剂浓度的增加而增加,呈线形正相关;基质含水量在测定周期内变化范围较小,说明Skygel保水剂的反复吸水能力较强.通过对甘蓝幼苗各形态指标进行测定,表明72孔穴盘较128孔穴盘更适合甘蓝幼苗的生长,保水剂浓度为基质中加入2 g/L保水剂较适合甘蓝幼苗生长.综合各因素表明,采用72孔穴盘、保水剂浓度为2 g/L时,甘蓝幼苗生长茁壮,商品出苗率高.     

蚯蚓粪在番茄育苗上的应用效果

以进农6号蚯蚓消化玉米秸秆产生的蚯蚓粪为材料,通过与草炭理化特性的对比,探讨了蚯蚓粪作为番茄穴盘育苗基质的可能性;采用不同体积比的蚯蚓粪、蛭石混合基质,研究其对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:与草炭相比,蚯蚓粪容重较大,孔隙度和持水量较小,P、K含量较高,N含量较低;蚯蚓粪混合基质可以促进番茄幼苗的生长,但其作用效果与基质混合比例有很大关系。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量