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苹果品种抗寒测定方法的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用电志法、恢复生长法、组织褐变法及Lkogistic方程法对部分苹果品种进行了测定。提出了以电解质渗出率40%相对应的温度为枝条组织的临界致死温度(C.L.L.T);通过组织褐变法求得褐变温度(Browning Temperature,B.T.);应用Logistic方程求出损点温度,即半致死温度(LT50);通过恢复生长法观察了各种处理温度下的萌芽率。综合以上测定,以IBPGR分类标准为基础将 相似文献
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Logistic方程在果树半致死温度测定中的应用 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Logistic方程在果树半致死温度测定中的应用唐士勇(辽宁省果树所熊岳115214)在果树抗寒性研究中,准确地确定植物组织的半致死温度(LT_(50)),无论在理论研究还是在实践应用上都是很重要的。Sukumaran等(1972)提出以电解质透出率为50%时的温度为组织的半致死温度,但在实际应用中误差极大。刘友良等(1985)对植物组织在一系列冰冻温度下的电解质透出率配以Logistic方程,利用求拐点温度作为组织半致死温度,结果较为满意。王洪春等(1984)以修正过的Logistic方程较好地拟合了TTC还原与冻害温度,电导与冻害温度之间的函数关系。本文旨在简介应用Logistic方程测定果树抗寒性的方法,供果树科技工作者参考。Logistic方程是比利时数学家P.F.Ver-huist于1838年导出,但直到本世纪20年代才又为生物学家和统计学家R.Pearl和L.Jreed重新发现。60年代以来,该方程在动植物的饲养、栽培、资源、生态、环保等方面的模似研究中已有较广泛的应用。近年来在植物生理研究中开始应用这一数学模型。(一)方法的提出应用电导法测定经过不同低温处理过的植物组织,可得到一不同温度下植物 相似文献
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应用Logistic方程测定柑桔抗冻力的探讨 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
用电导测定配合Logistic方程求拐点温度的方法,研究了柑桔抗冻力的动态变化,不同种类,品种间抗冻力的差异以及抗冻力变化与温度的关系。并对该方法的特点,在柑桔上的适用性以及有关实验条件了讨论。此外,还对柑桔抗冻力的温度指标提出某些看法。 相似文献
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小白菜异源胞质不育系黄苗寒青A的选育 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了能尽快满足小白菜〔BrasicacampestrisL.sp.chinensis(L.)Makino.var.communisTsenetLe〕杂种优势利用的需要,并能克服胞质雄性不育系微粉自交的缺点,笔者在育成带有遗传标记的黄苗寒青小白菜基础上... 相似文献
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大白菜品种同功酶及水溶蛋白的遗传多样性分析 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
用电泳技术分析了大白菜(BrasicacampestrisL.sp.pekinesis)49个品种苗的葡萄糖磷酸变位酶(PGM)、过氧化物酶(POX)、脂酶(EST)和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6-PGD)的同功酶谱,以及种子水溶蛋白(PROT)的图谱。从中分析了13个表现出品种之间多样性的位点。根据这些位点上带型的差异,可以区分供试的所有大白菜品种。图谱上品种之间的差异位点,可以用于杂交种F1代的纯度鉴定 相似文献
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猴头菌产量与培养料含氮量的动态关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选用20种配方进行猴头菌的栽培试验。培养料配方为棉籽壳、木屑和麦麸,其含N量为0.22% ̄1.42%。试验结果表明,猴头菌子实体干物质绝对生物学效率(ABE%=y1),经济效益(y2)与培养料含N量(N%=x1)之间的动态关系符合Logistic方程:y1=10.00/(1+3.4242e^-2.3215x1),r’y1x1=-0.8648^**,P〉0.01;y2=3.00/(1+8.6791e 相似文献
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采用TP-M13-SSR 荧光标记方法,构建19 个适宜加工脆片和25 个适宜制汁的苹果品种在
11 个SSR 位点的指纹图谱,并通过聚类分析研究其遗传关系。仅利用两对引物CH04h02 和CH05d04 即
可区分44 个供试品种,各品种的TP-M13-SSR 指纹图谱互不相同。构建的适宜加工苹果品种的SSR 指纹
图谱可以作为品种特异指纹图谱为品种鉴别提供重要依据。44 个苹果品种的相似系数在0.7259 ~ 0.9704
之间,在相似系数0.798 处划分供试品种,除瑞光、马空、红月、蜜脆、珍宝、赤阳和短枝金冠,其余适
宜制汁的品种均聚到了一起,而适宜加工脆片的品种聚类比较分散。适宜加工苹果品种遗传基础广泛,
适宜加工特性与亲本相关。在制订和完善制汁用和加工脆片用苹果品质评价体系时,需要兼顾遗传关系
与加工特性的相关性。金冠、红玉、国光、富士和元帅等为较好的加工苹果品种的育种亲本,应加强育
种利用。 相似文献
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苹果SSR反应体系的建立 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
为摸索适宜苹果的SSR反应体系,以金冠苹果为试验材料,研究了苹果SSR技术中PCR反应体系的主要成分对SSR扩增结果的影响。对SSR反应体系中的Mg2+浓度、引物浓度、dNTP浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶浓度、模板浓度以及退火温度进行了探索,确立了适合苹果的SSR反应体系为:在20μL反应体系中,Mg2+、引物和dNTP的最适浓度分别为2.5mmol/L、0.8μmol/L、0.10mmol/L;反应体系中TaqDNA聚合酶宜加入1U,模板DNA应加入15-30ng;引物的最佳退火温度为48.5-52.0℃。并利用该反应体系对10个苹果代表品种进行SSR反应,用8%的非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,不同品种间DNA谱带多态性丰富,证实该体系稳定可靠。 相似文献
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几个早熟苹果品种果实糖酸组分及风味品质的评价 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用高效毛细管电泳仪分离测定了6个早熟苹果品种果实的糖酸组分,并对早丰甜、贝拉、辽伏3个品种可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比及主要香气成分含量与风味品质的关系进行了研究.结果表明,(1)所有参试品种均以果糖含量最高,品种间变异系数最小,仅为14.59%,但蔗糖和葡萄糖含量与果糖明显不同,在不同品种间存在较大差异,品种间变异系数分别为67.58%和29.94%,果糖和蔗糖含量是影响早熟苹果品种糖类总含量的主要因素.有机酸中苹果酸含量在不同早熟苹果品种也存在较大差异,最高为6.61 mg/g,最低仅为1.55 mg/g;(2)果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比及3种主要香气成分测定和官能鉴评结论在早丰甜、贝拉和辽伏3个品种间存在显著差异,官能鉴评的这种差异性与糖、酸及香气成分等成分测定结果基本一致,因此,在试验条件下,3个早熟苹果品种风味品质评价指标应包括可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比及1-丁醇、(E)-2-己烯醛和乙酸丁酯等3种主要香气成分的总含量. 相似文献
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几个早熟苹果品种香气成分的GC-MS分析 总被引:38,自引:5,他引:38
采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用技术分析极早熟苹果新品种早丰甜及贝拉、辽伏等早熟苹果品种果实香气成分。结果表明,(1)3种早熟苹果含醇类等12类136种香气成分,其中1-己醇、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯等成分均在1%以上,总含量占测定芳香物质总量的93.81%,为参试苹果品种的主要香气成分;(2)β-大马酮及草蒿脑可能是早丰甜特有香气物质;(3)根据香气成分的种类及含量,可将早丰甜与贝拉分别划为“酯香型”与“醇香型”苹果;(4)3个早熟苹果品种间香气成分种类和含量均存在差异,苹果香气成分是早熟苹果品种选育标准评价的重要指标之一。 相似文献
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‘Reinette du Canada’ (RC) and ‘Reinette Grise du Canada’ (RG) apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) cultivars declared throughout the Community as Protected Designation of Origin ‘Manzana Reineta del Bierzo’ are severely affected by bitter-pit during storage. Pre-harvest treatments with calcium carbonate, authorized in organic production, and bio-activator Harpin protein were used to assess the effect on quality at harvest and during cold storage in both apple cultivars during 2007 and 2008. Bitter-pit at the end of storage was higher in ‘RC’ than in ‘RG’, due to the fact that K/Ca ratio in fruit was higher in ‘RC’. Harpin protein did not improve the quality of ‘Reinette’ apple cultivars. Calcium carbonate pre-harvest treatments were useful to decrease external and internal bitter-pit incidence of ‘Reinette’ apple cultivars after 90 days of storage, but differences at the end of storage were not significant. Therefore, calcium carbonate would be a useful product in organic production in order to decrease bitter-pit incidence in ‘Reinette’ apple cultivars during medium term storage. 相似文献
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轮纹病菌对不同抗性苹果品种防御酶的影响 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
实验研究了3个苹果品种被轮纹病菌(Botryosphaeriaberengrianaf.piricola)侵染后苹果枝干轮纹病防御酶系的变化。结果表明,在受病菌侵染后,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)均表现为先升后降的趋势,且抗病品种的峰值出现较晚。抗病品种鸡冠的PAL、SOD和POD活性变化峰值和均值要高于国光和富士,而PPO活性变化的峰值和均值则低于国光和富士。 相似文献
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Werner Dierend 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2012,54(1):31-41
The investigations should purify whether the temperature during apple storage can be increased by application of 1-MCP to decrease energy consumption and costs. The investigations were carried out over 2 years with the following treatments: Year 1: The apple cultivars ‘Elstar, Elshof’ and ‘Gala, Must’ were investigated. For both cultivars 3 different storage temperatures (1, 2 and 4°C) with and without application of 1-MCP were examined. Each temperature and 1-MCP treatment was investigated both under CA-/ULO-conditions with 1.5% O2 and 2% CO2 and in cold storage with normal atmosphere. Year 2: The apple cultivars ‘Jonagold, Jonica’ und ‘Golden Delicious, Weinsberg’ were investigated. For both cultivars 3 different storage temperatures (1, 2 and 4°C) with and without application of 1-MCP were examined. Each temperature and 1-MCP treatment was investigated both under CA-/ULO-conditions with 1.5% O2 and 3% CO2 and in cold storage with normal atmosphere. The influence of temperature, storage atmosphere and 1-MCP application on fruit firmness, soluble dry matter (sugar) and fruit acid was investigated on 6 dates (September to October in the first year) respectively on 5 dates (October to March) during the storage period. Following results were obtained:
- In the first year storage temperature did not influence the content of soluble dry matter of both cultivars. Application of 1-MCP led to a less decomposition of soluble dry matter. In the second year the content of soluble dry matter decreased slightly with increasing temperatures. A clear positive effect of 1-MCP-application was not noticeable. Altogether an increase of storage temperature has no or only a small influence of the content of soluble dry matter. 1-MCP can slow down the decomposition of soluble dry matter.
- An increase of storage temperature had no or only a small influence of fruit firmness. With increasing storage temperature fruit firmness decreased slightly.1-MCP application led to a higher fruit firmness, especially during cold storage in normal atmosphere. In both years all cultivars showed a same or higher fruit firmness at 4°C with 1-MCP application under CA-/ULO-conditions as at 1°C without 1-MCP application under CA-/ULO-conditions.
- An increase of storage temperature had no or only a small influence of the content of fruit acid.1-MCP application under CA-/ULO-conditions reduced the decomposition of fruit acid. In both years usually all cultivars showed a same or higher content of fruit acid at 4°C with 1-MCP application under CA-/ULO-conditions as at 1°C without 1-MCP application under CA-/ULO-conditions.
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缺锌胁迫对苹果砧木幼苗形态及其锌积累的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
在人工气候室条件下,采用溶液培养法研究了缺锌胁迫下平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)和小金海棠(Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang)两种苹果砧木幼苗生长量、根系构型参数、根系活力和锌积累量的动态变化。结果表明:缺锌条件下,两品种均表现不同程度的植株矮小,新生叶片黄化且簇生,节间缩短,根尖膨大等缺锌症状,小金海棠表现缺锌症状比平邑甜茶延迟7 d 左右。长期锌缺乏使平邑甜茶根系生物量显著降低。两品种缺锌植株根系长度、表面积、体积、根尖数从21 d 开始均低于对照;60 d时平邑甜茶较对照分别下降45.47%、44.2%、47.18%、43.14%,小金海棠分别降低38.95%、31.90%、32.58%、35.52%,平邑甜茶被抑制程度大于小金海棠。根系平均直径处理大于对照,且小金海棠表现根系膨大症状较平邑甜茶晚10 d。锌缺乏条件下小金海棠根系活力达最大比平邑甜茶晚15 d。处理和对照幼苗锌含量均表现为根系 > 茎 > 叶片,且小金海棠处理植株 > 平邑甜茶处理植株。平邑甜茶对缺锌胁迫较敏感,根系易受到伤害;小金海棠在缺锌胁迫下锌含量下降速率慢,对缺锌胁迫有较强的抵御和耐受能力。 相似文献