韩国审定辣椒品种的栽培试验和性状调查规范

辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)是韩国主要蔬菜之一,每年人均消费2.0～2.5 kg。民间种子公司、私人育种者和国家研究机构申请新品种逐年增加,为了有效审定辣椒新品种,制定田间测试和审定品种特征调查表,以获得新品种申请者与品种审查官之间的判断标准。为此,制定了审定辣椒新品种的栽培试验手册和辣椒性状调查标准,并积极摸索将栽培审查时间从2年缩短为1年的方案。     

西藏保护地辣椒引种筛选

通过引进自全国6个省的辣椒新品种在西藏拉萨种植，筛选出了3个适宜西藏保护地种植的辣椒新品种即华美1号、陇椒1号和七星椒。     

黄绿皮尖椒新品种金富175的选育

辣椒(Capsicum annuumL.)原产于中南美洲热带地区,于明代传人中国,其营养丰富、口味独特,是一种重要的蔬菜种类,是全球最大的调味料作物,具有增强食欲、促进血液循环、驱寒除湿、强胃健脾等效用,深受各国人民的喜爱.目前全球辣椒种植面积已经超过334万hm2,年产量达到3700万t.目前我国辣椒种植面积稳定在134万hm2左右,主要分布在全国28个省份,其中河南、贵州、山东、四川、云南、吉林、陕西等16个省份是我国重点辣椒产区.河南省辣椒种植面积常年稳定在20万亩(1.33万hm2)左右.市场对辣椒新品种的需求越来越强烈,对品种质量也提出了更高的要求,近年来,由于河南省保护地黄皮椒品种重茬严重,抗病虫能力降低,病虫害频繁发生,影响了黄皮椒的产量和品质.因此,我们制定了耐热、抗病、高产、优质的黄皮辣椒新品种的育种目标.     

无花果新品种DUS测试指南的研制

植物新品种特异性(Distinctness)、一致性(Uniformity)和稳定性(Stability)简称为DUS测试指南,是进行植物新品种实质审查的基础,以国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)的TG/1/3和TGP系列文件为重要指导,通过连续2个生长周期的田间试验,编制适合于我国无花果新品种测试的指南,详细阐述了无花果测试指南主要内容及研制过程,筛选了63个测试性状及性状对应的表达状态、确定了20个标准品种和DUS判定的标准,为无花果新品种测试与授权提供技术支持。     

辣椒新品种——云椒2号

辣椒是我国重要的茄果类蔬菜,云南省是全国辣椒主要种植区之一,种植面积在逐年上升.云南省农业科学院园艺所经过多年努力,成功培育出了适合云南省辣椒主产区和全国各地露地和保护地栽培的辣椒新品种--云椒2号.     

海南辣椒品种比较试验

海南辣椒品种单一,农民对辣椒新品种了解不及时,加上辣椒疫病和病毒病发生严重,影响和制约了辣椒市场发展和农民增收。因此,在露地覆膜滴灌栽培条件下,对5个辣椒品种的果实商品性与产量进行了比较试验,以筛选适合海南本地种植的辣椒新品种。结果表明:超特大尖椒、黄冠与吉祥109尖椒表现较好,可进行推广。     

辣椒新品种——云椒2号

辣椒是我国重要的茄果类蔬菜，云南省是全国辣椒主要种植区之一，种植面积在逐年上升。云南省农业科学院园艺所经过多年努力，成功培育出了适合云南省辣椒主产区和全国各地露地和保护地栽培的辣椒新品种——云椒2号。     

《辣椒杂志》2007年度总目录

湖南辣椒产业发展任重道远(2,1)遵义市辣椒产业发展的现状、问题与对策(2,2-4)观赏椒新品种及开发应用前景(2,5-7)湖南辣椒发展状况(2,8-9)对我国辣椒产业发展对策思考(3,1-4)綦江辣椒产业现状分析与发展对策思考(3,5-7)蔬菜种子产业发展的回顾与分析(4,1)内蒙古甜(辣)椒生产优势、现状及发展思路(4,4)独山皱椒产业现状、存在问题与发展建议(4,7)加快会泽县乐业辣椒标准化生产的思考(1,32-34)辣椒新品种兴蔬201的选育(1,1-2)辣椒新品种沈研12号的选育(1,3-4)辣椒抗疫病研究中的反应体系优化(1,5-8)甜椒新品种苏椒13号选育(2,10-11)辣椒新品…     

朝鲜蓟DUS测试指南研制必要性及指南研制初探

朝鲜蓟纳入到我国植物品种保护名录中是加大其知识产权保护的重要手段,而研制符合我国国情的朝鲜蓟新品种DUS测试指南是使朝鲜蓟纳入我国植物品种保护名录的基本保障。笔者主要从朝鲜蓟DUS测试指南研制的必要性和怎样研制朝鲜蓟DUS测试指南两方面论述,让相关育种者认识研制朝鲜蓟DUS测试指南的重要性及其他未研制DUS测试指南作物育种者初步了解如何编制DUS测试指南提供参考。     

观赏椒新品种及开发应用前景

自1983年国家甜(辣)椒抗病育种科技攻关专题组成立以来,我国辣椒科技工作者育成了一大批优良的辣甜椒新品种,大大的丰富了我国辣甜椒品种类型,基本上满足了广大人民群众对辣椒的需求,而且其产量、抗病性及品质都有了很大程度的     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

Influence of lanthanum nitrate on the expression of aquaporin 7 in the testis of rats

AIM: To find out whether different dosage of rare earth element-lanthanum can influence the expression of aquaporin 7(AQP 7) in the testis of rats. METHODS:Rats were fed with lanthanum nitrate[La(NO₃)₃]and killed 6 months later.Testes were then removed immediately to extract total RNA.Northern blot analysis is performed finally. RESULTS:0.1 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ depressed the expression of AQP 7 in rat testis, while 20 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ had no significant effect on it. CONCLUSION: AQP 7 expession is found in the rat testis; La(NO₃)₃ can depress the expression of AQP 7 in the rat testis.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Kirschensorten auf wuchsreduzierenden Unterlagen in Ungarn

Zusammenfassung In Ungarn gibt es ein reges Interesse an intensivem Obstanbau. Der Erfolg dieses Anbaus hängt in sehr großem Maße von den Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Standort, den Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen und dem Anbauverfahren ab.Um die Wirkung wuchsreduzierender Kirschenunterlagen aus ausländischen Züchtungsinstituten unter ungarischen Klimaverhältnissen untersuchen zu können, wurde im Forschungsinstitut für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd ein Vergleichsversuch durchgeführt. Der Versuch wurde mit Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 154, Weiroot 158, GiSelA 5 und P-HL-A-Unterlagen 1997 in der Versuchsanstalt des Forschungsinstituts für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd aufgepflanzt. Als Kontrolle diente die Sämlingsunterlage Cerasus mahaleb Cema, deren Anteil im ungarischen Süßkirschenanbau bei 70–80% liegt. Die Unterlagen wurden mit drei Süßkirschensorten (Germersdorfi , Linda, Katalin) und mit einer Sauerkirschensorte (Piramis) veredelt.Nach der Wüchsigkeit bis zum Ende des 8. Standjahres konnten die Unterlagen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: starkwüchsige (Cerasus mahaleb Cema, Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13), mittelstarkwüchsige (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) und schwachwüchsige Unterlagen (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Die stärkste Neigung, Wurzelschosse zu treiben, zeigten Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 154.Während der Untersuchung der generativen Eigenschaften wurde beobachtet, dass es Unterschiede in der Blütezeit der Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen gibt. Auf GiSelA 5 veredelte Sorten blühten 1 oder 2 Tage früher als die Kontrolle. Es gab nur geringe Unterschiede in der Reifezeit der Kombinationen. Den größten Ertrag hatte die Sorte Linda, gefolgt von Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 und Piramis. Der größte Fruchtdurchmesser wurde bei der Süßkirschensorte Germersdorfi 3 gefunden, der größte Anteil an Früchten größer als 26 mm bei den Bäumen auf Weiroot 72 (23%), der geringste Anteil großer Früchte bei den Bäumen auf GiSelA 5. Bei Piramis wurde der größte Fruchtdurchmesser auf Cerasus avium C. 2493 gemessen.     

Effects of corridors on home range sizes and interpatch movements of three small mammal species

Corridors are predicted to benefit populations in patchy habitats bypromoting movement, which should increase population densities, gene flow, andrecolonization of extinct patch populations. However, few investigators haveconsidered use of the total landscape, particularly the possibility ofinterpatch movement through matrix habitat, by small mammals. This studycompares home range sizes of 3 species of small mammals, the cotton mouse(Peromyscus gossypinus), old-field mouse (P.polionotus) and cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)between patches with and without corridors. The study site was in S. Carolina,USA. Corridor presence did not have astatistically significant influence on average home range size. Habitatspecialization and sex influenced the probability of an individual movingbetween 2 patches without corridors. The results of this study suggest thatsmall mammals may be more capable of interpatch movement without corridors thanis frequently assumed.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quercetin regulates Fas expression and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of 1, 4, 5- trisphosphate inositol (IP3) and Fas gene expression in apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by quercetin. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with quercetin at different concentrations (including 20, 40, 60, 80 μmol/ L) for 72 h and treated with 60 μmol/ L quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. IP3, Fas mRNA, Fas protein and apoptosis rate were assayed by IP3 - ［3H］ Birtrak assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: When HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin for 72 h, the IP3 content was lower than those in control. Fas mRNA expression, Fas protein expression and the apoptosis rate were higher than those in control. When HepG2 cells were incubated with quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the IP3 contents were lower than those in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h. Fas mRNA expression was higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h . Fas protein expression was higher than that in control. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 24 h (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Quercetin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing IP3 production and upregulating Fas gene expression.