火龙果成熟胚组培技术研究

以杂交红皮红肉型火龙果自然成熟果实种子为外植体,进行改良的组织快繁试验,筛选适宜的培养基、植物生长调节剂浓度配比,并对组培苗进行移栽.结果表明,萌芽诱导培养1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L.实生苗增殖培养MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,增殖系数可达4.9,且芽生长势强,质量好.子叶二次萌芽培养1/2MS+6-BA1.5 mg/L,生根培养1/2MS+ NAA0.3 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L,生根率达95％.     

大滨菊离体快繁技术研究

以大滨菊的茎段为外植体,对无菌芽诱导、试管苗增殖、生根及移栽技术进行了系统研究。结果表明:大滨菊腋芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L;最适宜的继代培养基为MS+6-BA 0.3mg/L+NAA 0.03mg/L;生根的最适宜培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L。继代周期25d左右,生根需要15d,生根率可达95%以上,移栽成活率达到100%。     

阿拉尔地区抗旱大花月季组培快繁技术初探

对抗旱大花月季品种进行了组培快速繁殖技术研究,结果表明,月季初代诱导以MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L的培养基最好,外植体萌芽快,增殖高达3~5倍。将继代培养中产生的细弱苗转移到壮苗培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L中培养30d,转接到生根培养基1/2MS+IBA 0.5mg/L+0.5g/L活性碳上,生根30d后移栽,移栽成活率90%,为通过组培快繁加速抗旱月季品种更新换代提供依据。     

'青砧1号'苹果砧木组培快繁体系的建立

‘青砧1号’苹果砧木组培快繁技术体系的研究表明,MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L适于茎段培养的萌芽诱导;MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L适于组培苗的增殖培养;1/4 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+2%蔗糖对生根诱导效果最佳,室温条件下培养15 d生根率达87.1%,而1/2 MS+IBA 0.6 mg/L和1/4 MS+IBA0.5 mg/L+3%蔗糖的诱导效果达72.1%。在草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为2∶1∶1的栽培基质上保湿遮荫10 d左右,组培苗移栽易成活。     

金钻蔓绿绒组培再生体系的建立

以金钻蔓绿绒幼苗茎段为外植体,进行愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及增殖培养的研究。结果表明:金钻蔓绿绒茎段在MS+6-BA 5.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L培养基可成功诱导出愈伤组织,继而分化出不定芽;不定芽适宜增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 6.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L,增殖倍数可达3.93;不定芽适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1.0mg/L,生根率可达100%,移栽30d后成活率达95%以上。     

蝴蝶兰组培快繁技术研究

将蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽作为外植体,接种于不同培养基上进行培养.结果表明:1/2MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+CM 15%培养基诱导丛生芽最合适,诱导率可达100%,丛生芽增殖阶段1/2 MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 15%培养基效果最好,增殖倍数达7.13.无菌苗叶片诱导丛生芽以1/2MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+香蕉泥10%+AC 0.2%为最好,诱导率达54.3%,丛生芽增殖阶段1/2 MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+香蕉泥10%+AC 0.2%培养基效果最好,增殖倍数达6.17.茎尖诱导原球茎状体以MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+CM 10%+0.2%,其诱导率达77.1%,原球茎状体进行增殖培养的适宜培养基1/3MS+6-BA 50 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 15%+AC 0.3%,增殖倍数达8.3,随后转入1/2MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+CM 15%中,很快分化成芽.生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L+AC 1.0%较好,将生根蝴蝶兰移栽至水苔中,1个月后成活率为99.9%.     

芦笋“冠军”亲本组培快繁技术研究

以芦笋"冠军"父、母本为试材,采用不同浓度NAA、6-BA、KT、IBA激素配比,进行启动、增殖、生根、过渡培养试验,研究了适宜其父、母本茎尖快繁的培养基。结果表明:MS+NAA0.05mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.1mg/L为母本启动培养基,MS+NAA 0.10mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.2mg/L为父本启动培养基;MS+NAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L+KT0.1mg/L为母本继代增殖培养基,MS+NAA 0.2mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L+KT 0.05mg/L为父本继代增殖培养基;1/2MS+NAA 0.05mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L+KT 1.5mg/L+IBA 1.5mg/L为母本生根培养基,1/2MS+NAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 1.5mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L+IBA 2.0mg/L为父本生根培养基,父、母本在适宜的生根培养基上,均生出8条以上的第Ⅰ类型根,生根率达95%以上,并建立了适宜的过渡移栽技术规程,过渡移栽成活率达95%以上。     

崇明水仙鳞茎的组织培养研究

以崇明水仙鳞茎为外植体进行试管种球的诱导,对其组织培养中消毒条件、植物激素、生根移栽技术等影响因子进行研究。结果表明:诱导培养的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 5mg/L+NAA 1mg/L,诱导率为100%;增殖培养的适宜培养基是MS+6-BA 1mg/L+NAA 1mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L+IBA 0.5mg/L,增殖系数达3.43;小鳞茎经壮苗培养20d后移栽到珍珠岩基质中即可生根成活,移栽成活率达90.5%。     

猕猴桃“翠香”再生体系的建立

取"翠香"猕猴桃的幼嫩枝条为材料,利用不同植物生长调节剂及浓度诱导茎段腋芽、增殖、生根,并进行驯化移栽。结果表明:"翠香"猕猴桃茎段腋芽诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L,诱导率达88.89%;增殖培养最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 5 mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L,增殖系数为6.20,三代内增殖效果稳定;生根培养的最佳培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.9 mg/L,生根率为94.44%,根数为11.40条,根长为2.94 cm;驯化后移栽成活率达88.33%。     

紫萼玉簪腋芽再生体系的建立

为建立紫萼玉簪的组培再生体系,以腋芽为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度植物生长调节剂6-BA和NAA进行诱导培养、增殖培养和生根培养。结果表明:紫萼玉簪腋芽最适宜的取材时期为春季3~4月份;外植体最佳消毒方法是70%~75%的酒精浸泡30 s+0.1%的Hg Cl2溶液消毒5 min;最佳启动培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA;最佳增殖培养基为MS+3.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+0.3 mg/L NAA+0.3 mg/L活性炭+20蔗糖。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

Influence of lanthanum nitrate on the expression of aquaporin 7 in the testis of rats

AIM: To find out whether different dosage of rare earth element-lanthanum can influence the expression of aquaporin 7(AQP 7) in the testis of rats. METHODS:Rats were fed with lanthanum nitrate[La(NO₃)₃]and killed 6 months later.Testes were then removed immediately to extract total RNA.Northern blot analysis is performed finally. RESULTS:0.1 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ depressed the expression of AQP 7 in rat testis, while 20 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ had no significant effect on it. CONCLUSION: AQP 7 expession is found in the rat testis; La(NO₃)₃ can depress the expression of AQP 7 in the rat testis.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Kirschensorten auf wuchsreduzierenden Unterlagen in Ungarn

Zusammenfassung In Ungarn gibt es ein reges Interesse an intensivem Obstanbau. Der Erfolg dieses Anbaus hängt in sehr großem Maße von den Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Standort, den Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen und dem Anbauverfahren ab.Um die Wirkung wuchsreduzierender Kirschenunterlagen aus ausländischen Züchtungsinstituten unter ungarischen Klimaverhältnissen untersuchen zu können, wurde im Forschungsinstitut für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd ein Vergleichsversuch durchgeführt. Der Versuch wurde mit Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 154, Weiroot 158, GiSelA 5 und P-HL-A-Unterlagen 1997 in der Versuchsanstalt des Forschungsinstituts für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd aufgepflanzt. Als Kontrolle diente die Sämlingsunterlage Cerasus mahaleb Cema, deren Anteil im ungarischen Süßkirschenanbau bei 70–80% liegt. Die Unterlagen wurden mit drei Süßkirschensorten (Germersdorfi , Linda, Katalin) und mit einer Sauerkirschensorte (Piramis) veredelt.Nach der Wüchsigkeit bis zum Ende des 8. Standjahres konnten die Unterlagen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: starkwüchsige (Cerasus mahaleb Cema, Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13), mittelstarkwüchsige (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) und schwachwüchsige Unterlagen (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Die stärkste Neigung, Wurzelschosse zu treiben, zeigten Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 154.Während der Untersuchung der generativen Eigenschaften wurde beobachtet, dass es Unterschiede in der Blütezeit der Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen gibt. Auf GiSelA 5 veredelte Sorten blühten 1 oder 2 Tage früher als die Kontrolle. Es gab nur geringe Unterschiede in der Reifezeit der Kombinationen. Den größten Ertrag hatte die Sorte Linda, gefolgt von Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 und Piramis. Der größte Fruchtdurchmesser wurde bei der Süßkirschensorte Germersdorfi 3 gefunden, der größte Anteil an Früchten größer als 26 mm bei den Bäumen auf Weiroot 72 (23%), der geringste Anteil großer Früchte bei den Bäumen auf GiSelA 5. Bei Piramis wurde der größte Fruchtdurchmesser auf Cerasus avium C. 2493 gemessen.     

Effects of corridors on home range sizes and interpatch movements of three small mammal species

Corridors are predicted to benefit populations in patchy habitats bypromoting movement, which should increase population densities, gene flow, andrecolonization of extinct patch populations. However, few investigators haveconsidered use of the total landscape, particularly the possibility ofinterpatch movement through matrix habitat, by small mammals. This studycompares home range sizes of 3 species of small mammals, the cotton mouse(Peromyscus gossypinus), old-field mouse (P.polionotus) and cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)between patches with and without corridors. The study site was in S. Carolina,USA. Corridor presence did not have astatistically significant influence on average home range size. Habitatspecialization and sex influenced the probability of an individual movingbetween 2 patches without corridors. The results of this study suggest thatsmall mammals may be more capable of interpatch movement without corridors thanis frequently assumed.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quercetin regulates Fas expression and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of 1, 4, 5- trisphosphate inositol (IP3) and Fas gene expression in apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by quercetin. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with quercetin at different concentrations (including 20, 40, 60, 80 μmol/ L) for 72 h and treated with 60 μmol/ L quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. IP3, Fas mRNA, Fas protein and apoptosis rate were assayed by IP3 - ［3H］ Birtrak assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: When HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin for 72 h, the IP3 content was lower than those in control. Fas mRNA expression, Fas protein expression and the apoptosis rate were higher than those in control. When HepG2 cells were incubated with quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the IP3 contents were lower than those in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h. Fas mRNA expression was higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h . Fas protein expression was higher than that in control. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 24 h (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Quercetin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing IP3 production and upregulating Fas gene expression.