袖叶片与抗旱性相关的解剖结构指标研究

以柚为试材,测定了10个品种柚的叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片组织结构紧密度、气孔纵径、气孔横径、气孔大小、气孔密度和气孔相对面积,采用隶属函数分析法进行柚不同品种的抗旱性分析。结果表明:10个品种在各项叶片解剖结构指标上差异极显著。对11个抗旱指标进行了主成分分析和隶属函数分析,10个品种的抗旱性大小排序为:左氏柚>矮文柚>东风早柚>虎蜜柚>脐柚>华蓥山柚>通贤柚>梁平柚>早熟柚>强德勒。     

蓝莓叶片与抗旱性相关的解剖结构指标研究

为用叶片解剖结构指标评价蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)的抗旱性提供科学依据,并为蓝莓抗旱性品种的选育提供便捷有效的方法,测定分析了蓝莓8个品种的7项与抗旱性相关的叶片解剖结构指标,分别为叶片主脉直径、叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、上表皮角质层厚度、栅栏组织厚度、叶片组织结构紧密度和气孔密度。方差分析结果显示,8个品种在每项叶片解剖结构指标上总体差异均为极显著。对各品种进行了两两之间的单因素多重比较,筛选出叶片厚度、上表皮厚度和上表皮角质层厚度3项主要指标,并用隶属函数值法对8个品种的抗旱性大小排序为:园蓝>阳光蓝>梯芙蓝>灿烂>密斯黛>南月>布里吉塔>蓝鸟。     

短枝条红型“红富士”苹果芽变的叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性研究

以"长富2号""新红1号"和"红富士"芽变优系苹果为试材,采用常规的石蜡切片法,比较了3份供试材料叶片的解剖结构,测定3份材料的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、上表皮组织厚度、下表皮组织厚度、CTR、SR和栅海比等8个与抗旱性相关的生理指标,运用隶属函数法对3份供试材料的抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明:3份供试材料的叶片解剖结构存在一定程度的差别,芽变优系和"新红1号"的栅栏组织发达、海绵组织和叶片较厚,极显著大于"长富2号"。由隶属函数法综合评价出3份供试材料抗旱性强弱的顺序依次为"新红1号"芽变优系"长富2号"。综合分析表明,芽变优系具有叶片厚、栅栏组织发达、海绵组织厚等短枝型苹果的特征,其抗旱能力强于长枝品种"长富2号"。     

杧果叶片解剖结构与抗旱性评价

采用石蜡切片技术和光学显微镜技术,对百色主栽品种台农1号、红贵妃、金煌杧、红象牙、桂七等5个杧果品种的叶片解剖结构进行观测,并选择主脉直径、叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、角质膜厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、叶肉组织紧密度和叶肉组织疏密度等10个指标,通过隶属函数法对其进行综合分析,评价5个杧果品种抗旱性。结果表明,5个杧果品种的抗旱性从强到弱依次为金煌杧>红贵妃>红象牙>桂七>台农1号。     

亮叶忍冬与蔓生紫薇叶片解剖结构与抗旱性的关系

通过石蜡切片法对亮叶忍冬,蔓生紫薇叶片的解剖结构进行了观察,并对叶片厚度、主脉厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、第1层栅栏组织细胞密集度、栅栏组织厚/海绵组织厚、栅栏组织/叶肉组织、上下表皮厚度等抗旱性结构指标上进行检验比较,方差分析。结果表明:亮叶忍冬,蔓生紫薇在水分胁迫下,叶片的解剖结构与对照在叶片厚度、主脉的厚度等抗旱性指标上均极显著变薄,而栅栏组织与叶肉组织比、栅栏组织与海绵组织比、第1层栅栏组织密集度上,2种处理及与对照均没有显著差异;亮叶忍冬、蔓生紫薇2种植物间叶片的解剖结构在各抗旱指标上表现出极显著的差异,其抗旱性为亮叶忍冬蔓生紫薇。     

茶树种质资源的抗旱性筛选

茶树抗旱性鉴定是对茶树种质资源进行全面系统评价和优质资源筛选最基本的内容之一。从各个茶区挑选茶树种质资源共计21个,对其进行叶片解剖观察,以叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、栅栏组织与海绵组织之比、栅栏组织与叶片总厚度之比为抗旱性指标,评价21个品种的抗旱性。结果表明:综合排名前5的‘浙江木禾种’、‘西乡大河5号’、‘牛皮茶群体’、‘广东乐昌白毛茶’、‘福安大白本’为抗旱品种;‘浙江普陀佛茶’、‘碧云’、‘西乡大河6号’、‘日本薮北种’、‘香菇白毫’为不抗旱品种;其他品种抗旱性中等。     

葡萄叶片和根系解剖结构与抗旱性关系

以葡萄品种"贝达""山葡萄""京秀"为试材,对其叶片和根系解剖结构进行显微观察,并通过隶属函数法分析了葡萄根系和叶片与抗旱性的关系。结果表明:不同葡萄品种叶片的上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度、CTR值均有显著差异,葡萄品种叶片组织紧密度(CTR值)越大,其抗旱性越强;不同葡萄品种根的周皮、次生韧皮部厚度、形成层厚度、木质部直径、根直径、导管数目、导管直径也有明显差异,而且根导管数目越多,根导管直径越大,其输导组织越发达,相应品种根系的抗旱性越强;通过隶属函数综合分析,供试葡萄品种抗旱性顺序为:"贝达""山葡萄""京秀",且葡萄的根系和叶片与抗旱性具有密切相关。     

西南地区不同海拔对酿酒葡萄叶片解剖结构特征的影响

以酿酒葡萄品种‘赤霞珠’‘霞多丽’‘玫瑰蜜’‘美乐’为试材,采用石蜡切片技术对我国西南地区不同海拔葡萄叶片进行解剖观察,研究葡萄叶片上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度等相关结构参数与海拔的关系。结果表明:随海拔升高,4个酿酒葡萄品种叶片栅栏组织结构明显增厚,上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、海绵组织厚度和叶片厚度变化规律不明显;4个酿酒葡萄品种叶片组织结构紧密度(CTR)、栅栏组织与海绵组织比值(PS)与海拔呈正相关,均随海拔升高而明显增加,叶片组织结构疏松度(SR)与海拔呈负相关,均随海拔升高而明显减小。综上,西南地区4个酿酒葡萄品种叶片解剖结构变化体现出其对高海拔生境的适应性。     

9个哈密瓜品种叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性研究

通过石蜡切片,对新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果开发研究中心的9个哈密瓜品种叶片的抗旱性结构进行了测量分析.结果表明：在所测量的上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度等5个指标中,通过隶属函数法对几个指标的综合评价分析,获得了9个哈密瓜品种叶片抗旱特征排序由强到弱为西州密24号＞香梨黄＞热瓜旦＞伽师瓜＞西州密17号＞醉仙＞芙蓉＞西州密25号＞红心脆.     

基于叶片显微及亚显微结构的新疆扁桃10个主栽品种抗旱性综合评价

【目的】从叶片形态解剖角度综合评价新疆10个扁桃(Amygdalus communis L.)主栽品种的抗旱性,为扁桃抗旱性评价指标体系的建立提供理论依据。【方法】通过光学和扫描电子显微镜观察叶片显微及亚显微结构相关20项指标并进行生物统计学分析。【结果】所有品种叶片均形成不同程度的旱生结构特征,角质层、栅栏细胞和维管系统均较发达,有含晶细胞和粘液细胞分布、气孔只分布于下表皮等。通过主成分分析,选取主脉厚度、叶比面积、叶肉细胞紧实度和气孔密度4项代表性指标。隶属函数评价结果表明,其抗旱能力由大到小排序为S14 S3 M7 M8M1 M2 S12 S1S9 S11。【结论】初步确定S14和S3的抗旱能力较强,而S9和S11的抗旱能力较弱,美国品种均属于中度抗旱类型。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Effect of trichosanthes injection on expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of vascular smooth muscle cell in rabbit

AIM: To observe the effect of thichosanthes injection on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC). METHODS: The expression of PCNA of cultured rabbit aortic SMC was examined with LSAB immunohistochemical technique, and [³H]-thymidine( [³H]-TdR) incorporation data of SMC and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO), prostacyclin (PGI₂) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) in medium were simultaneously determined. RESULTS: Thichosanthes injection has an effects of increasing SOD activity, decreasing LPO, elevating PGI₂ and cAMP, reducing [³H]-TdR incorporation and expression of PCNA (all P＜0.05,P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Thichosanthes could inhibit SMC proliferation.     

Role of cyclic nucleotides in the acute hypoxic responses of hypoxic subcultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells

AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals.