同期播种不同规格番茄穴盘苗定植后生长发育研究

从穴盘苗直接定植后的生长发育角度出发,系统对比了不同规格番茄穴盘苗在栽培实际中的表现。结果表明:不同规格番茄穴盘苗定植后差异较大,营养面积越小的穴盘苗直接定植后徒长现象越明显,表现在植株茎异常增粗、叶面积增大、生长点丢失等方面,营养面积越大的营养钵苗在长季节栽培中总产量最高,但72孔穴盘苗只略低于营养钵苗,营养面积较小的穴盘苗畸形果率较高,并且花期和果实成熟期延后。     

不同密度对密闭型育苗设施中番茄幼苗生长的动态影响

以番茄中杂9号为试材,利用不同规格穴盘研究不同密度对密闭型育苗设施中番茄幼苗个体及群体生长的动态影响。结果表明：出苗后第13天时,各处理番茄幼苗生长发育正常,而出苗16 d后200孔和288孔处理的番茄幼苗遮光严重,不适于培育更长苗龄的番茄幼苗,此时番茄幼苗2片真叶,株高5.5 cm左右,茎粗2 mm左右|128孔处理的番茄幼苗在第23天时出现较严重的遮挡现象,72孔处理仍存在空隙,若培育更长苗龄的番茄幼苗可选用72孔或穴孔面积更大的穴盘,此时番茄幼苗4片真叶,株高14 cm左右,茎粗3.5 mm左右。     

潮汐灌溉营养液浓度分段设定对番茄穴盘苗生长的影响

以中杂302为试材,将番茄穴盘苗生长发育分为5个阶段(Ⅰ:播种至出苗;Ⅱ:出苗至子叶平展;Ⅲ:子叶平展至二叶一心;Ⅳ:二叶一心至三叶一心;Ⅴ:三叶一心至四叶一心),分段设定9个营养液浓度组合,研究潮汐灌溉条件下营养液浓度分段设定对番茄穴盘苗生长发育、养分积累量及利用率的影响.结果表明:在第Ⅰ阶段,灌溉1.0×营养液,番...     

磁化水对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

本试验以番茄为供试材料,研究了磁化水对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明,采用磁化水浸种催芽可显著提高番茄种子的发芽势和发芽率,有利于淀粉酶活性的增加,促进了番茄种子的萌发。采用磁化水浇灌番茄幼苗,显著地促进了幼苗的生长发育,提高了幼苗体内的CAT和POD活性,增强了幼苗的抗逆能力。同时,磁化水处理增加了番茄叶片中可溶性糖的含量,并提高了根活力。     

Conditioning alleviates reduced yield of smaller plugs of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) in off-season plasticulture production

The influences of plug size, planting density, and mulch colour on responses to photoperiod and nitrogen conditioning of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants were evaluated in off-season field production in New Jersey, USA. Three different sized plug plants (7.6 cm square pots, 24-cell plug trays, or 50-cell plug trays) were conditioned with natural days (ND, natural daylength) or long days (LD, natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) for one week followed by ND plus 100 ppm nitrogen (N) for 4 weeks or LD plus 800 ppm N for 4 weeks. Plants were then established in plasticulture on black, white, or silver mulch. In a second experiment, plug plants (439 cm³) were conditioned with LD and nitrogen then established in plasticulture on black, white, or silver mulch at 3 planting densities (0.46, 0.23, and 0.16 m²?plant^?1 (2, 4, and 6 plants?m^?2)). Fruit were harvested from August through October in both experiments. Conditioning enhanced off-season fall production. White plastic enhanced survival, productivity, and fruit size and larger plugs were more productive than smaller ones. If smaller plugs are desired, conditioning prevents the reduction in yield observed with non-conditioned smaller plugs.     

Effects of different mowing treatments and stubble heights on the compensatory growth and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

This study were investigated the effect of mowing method on growth and quality of lettuce. The seedlings after a 24-day incubation in the growth chamber underwent one of six mowing treatments with different stubble heights (i.e. 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 cm). One mowing treatment group consisted of plants that retained the 2–3 new leaves in the centre (RBL), while the other group consisted of plants in which the new leaves were removed (RBN). Seedlings that were not mowed served as the controls. The results showed that, after seedlings continued to be incubated for 10 days under red and blue light in a growth chamber, the fresh mass of plants and dry mass of shoots were higher for the RBL1.0- and RBL1.5-treated plants than those of the RBN-treated plants. With increasing stubble height, the shoot fresh mass of plants in both mowing groups gradually increased. Mowing decreased chlorophyll (a + b) contents, but did not affect carotenoid levels. Mowing treatments promoted photosynthesis, and did not decrease soluble sugar, sucrose, soluble protein, Vitamin C and anthocyanin contents. Our results implied that mowing treatments promote the compensatory growth of lettuce, and mowing plants to a height of 1.5 cm produces the greatest yield benefit.     

The effect of intermittent irrigation with cold nutrient solution on the growth of tomato seedlings propagated in rockwool

Seedlings of tomato, cv. Counter, propagated in rockwool blocks were irrigated five times every 24 h with nutrient solution at 10°C or 18°C for up to three weeks. The mean block temperature was lowered by 3.5-4.0 degrees C by irrigation at 10°C. One week of irrigation at the lower temperature caused the seedlings to develop a characteristic dark purplish colour. This treatment reduced fresh weight and leaf area but not dry weight which suggests that water uptake was also reduced. Dry weight was reduced following two or more weeks of irrigation at 10°C. When seedlings which had been irrigated at 10°C were returned to irrigation at 18°C, the purple colour slowly disappeared and the percent dry matter decreased. When plants were grown on, the total yield of fruit was unaffected by these seedling treatments.     

育苗基质种类和穴盘规格对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响

选用"宝大906"番茄作供试品种,采用江苏省生产上常用的3种不同基质和5种不同规格的穴盘组成8个处理,对多个番茄幼苗质量性状进行了研究。研究结果表明,基质种类及穴盘规格对番茄幼苗的生长发育均有影响,其中有机活性基质和32孔穴盘对幼苗的生长发育最为有利。     

Comparison of sub-irrigation and overhead irrigation of tomato and lettuce seedlings

Summary

Overhead irrigation is a common irrigation practice in nurseries, yet it can be wasteful of water and nutrients. We compared the water use, fertilizer use and growth of ‘Top Gun’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and ‘Grosse Lisse’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings in sub and overhead irrigation systems. Five rates of controlled release fertilizer were used – 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 kg m^–3. Sub-irrigation used 86% less water than overhead irrigation. Irrigation type had a significant effect on some growth measurements by final harvest, 43 d after sowing. The sub-irrigated lettuce seedlings were significantly taller. The overhead irrigated lettuce seedlings had a higher dry weight and more leaves. The sub-irrigated tomato seedlings were taller, had longer leaves, a larger leaf area and more leaves. Increasing levels of controlled release fertilizer produced quadratic type responses over time for shoot dry weight, with 10 kg m^–3 producing tomato and lettuce transplants with a higher biomass in a shorter time than lower levels of fertilizer.     

Effects of ages of plug transplants and planting depths on the growth and yield of sweetpotato

Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Beniazuma] plug transplants produced from single node leafy cuttings under artificial light in a closed-type growth chamber were planted with roots and substrate of 11- and 15-day old (ca. two to three unfolded leaves with 0.08 m shoot length and three to four unfolded leaves with 0.11 m shoot length, respectively). The plug transplants of both the 11- and 15-day old were planted with one and three nodes depth (ca. 4 and 25 mm deep, respectively) inside the soil ridges (called one- and three-node depth, respectively, hereafter). The conventional vine cuttings (ca. 0.3 m long with seven to eight unfolded leaves) without roots were planted as Control treatment to compare the growth and yield of sweetpotato with each of the treatments of plug transplant. The main objectives of the study were to see the effects of ages of plug transplants and depths of planting for greater growth and yield of sweetpotato in the field. The yield of storage roots 115 days after planting in the field was 33 t ha⁻¹ when using 15-day old plug transplants planted with three-node depth and was 10 t ha⁻¹ greater than that in the Control. The mean storage root length was about 259 mm when using 11-day old plug transplants planted with three-node depth and was 33 mm greater than that in the Control. The mean diameter of storage roots was 70 mm when using 11- and 15-day old plug transplants planted with one-node depth and was 21 mm greater than that in the Control. The plug transplants planted either 11- or 15-day old showed greater overall performances than those of the conventional cuttings. The plug transplants planted with three-node depth showed greater performances than did the plug transplants planted with one-node depth.     

钾盈亏供应对黄瓜和番茄穴盘苗生长发育的影响

以完全Hoagland营养液为对照,研究钾盈余供应(8倍钾浓度Hoagland营养液)和亏缺供应(1/8钾浓度Hoagland营养液)对黄瓜(‘中农203’)、番茄(‘中杂105’)穴盘苗形态建成、矿质元素和叶片叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:对于黄瓜,钾盈余供给降低株高和叶绿素含量,抑制钙和镁的吸收,钾亏缺供给促进钙和镁的吸收。对于番茄,钾亏缺供给降低株高和茎粗,增大根冠比,促进钙、镁的吸收,钾盈余供给抑制钙和镁的吸收。以上结果说明,钾供应水平对穴盘苗生长至关重要,而且对不同蔬菜种类产生的影响也不同,因此,在生产过程中应根据蔬菜种类施入适量的钾肥。     

Effects of low temperature storage on growth and transplant quality of non-grafted and grafted cantaloupe-type muskmelon seedlings

Grafting is a unique horticultural technology that allows the grower to select an alternate, compatible root system with natural disease resistance for their desired crop. Short-term storage of grafted seedlings under low temperature may extend the production window of grafted seedlings, reduce the labor input and increase production of grafted seedlings with a small propagation capacity. To evaluate the low temperature storage conditions, Cucumis melo ‘Olympic Gold’ seedlings were grafted onto Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata ‘Tetsukabuto’ rootstock and stored for a period of 2 or 4 weeks at 9, 12, or 15 °C under 12 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ photosynthetic photon flux (PPF). The study demonstrated that grafted seedlings could be stored at 12 °C for 4 weeks without significant dry mass accumulation or effects on post-storage growth and development. Grafted seedlings stored at 15 °C for 4 weeks had a significant increase in dry mass and stem elongation; this was not observed for the non-grafted seedlings stored under the same conditions, suggesting that the rootstock enhanced the scion growth at lower temperatures than optimal for muskmelon. Storing muskmelon seedlings at 9 °C caused chilling damage but the damage was pronounced for non-grafted seedlings than grafted seedlings. ‘Tetsukabuto’ rootstock, an interspecific squash, presumably has a chilling tolerance and increased the storability of muskmelon seedlings. Further optimization is needed but there is potential for using this technique as a tool for mass production of grafted muskmelon seedlings.     

不同生长调节剂对秋季番茄穴盘壮苗指标及丰产性状的影响

于苗期采用灌根处理的方法,研究了碧护、生根粉、超级矮丰王、金云大-120、复硝酚钠、甲壳素对秋季番茄幼苗生理指标、植株营养生长以及产量的影响。结果表明,生根粉处理后番茄秧苗质量显著增加;碧护、金云大-120、复硝酚钠、甲壳素处理,均不同程度地增加了番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根冠比、G值、壮苗指数及叶绿素含量。定植后,各生长调节剂处理均可促使植株生长势增强,增加现蕾数;生根粉处理显著增加番茄前期产量、平均单果质量及总产量。因此,番茄越冬茬栽培中,为培育壮苗,于幼苗1叶期施用生根粉100倍液效果最佳。     

Divergent functions of SNAC4–9 and possible mechanisms for tomato adaptation to abiotic stresses

Plants are exposed to all types of abiotic stresses during the process of growth and development, which could adversely affect the productivity and postharvest storage quality of plants. In the current study, the expression of SNAC4–9 and the changes of physiological parameters were analyzed in tomato seedlings under various abiotic conditions and hormone treatments. The results demonstrate that all six genes were induced by these stresses at differential induction levels and that SNAC4–9 gene expression profiles were likely to be related to the ABA, SA, and MeJA signaling pathways. In addition, all of the stress- and hormone-treated seedlings exhibited significant increases in their proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities. MDA was significantly increased in seedlings exposed to stress and decreased in hormone-treated seedlings. These data collectively suggest that SNAC4–9 might function through ABA, SA, and JA signaling pathways and the regulation of proline and antioxidant systems. This study combines molecular biology and physiology to provide valuable information for further exploring the functional roles of NAC genes in response to environmental stresses and indicates that these genes may exhibit potential for enhancing stress tolerance of transgenic tomato plants and further improving the postharvest storage quality of tomato plants.     

增效剂和腐植酸肥料对番茄产量和品质的效应

通过在番茄苗期施用不同的增效剂和生长期施用腐植酸肥料,试验结果表明:增效剂和腐植酸可以起到显著的壮苗作用;株高、茎粗、叶片数、植株鲜重都有明显增加;还可以增强根系的活力、叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,从而促进幼苗的生长发育,并可提高产量达30.8%,此外,显著提高番茄果实的品质;Vc的含量明显增加,可溶性糖的含量略有上升,有机酸的含量显著下降,硝酸盐的含量明显降低.     

Effect of different light intensities on the photosynthate distribution in cherry tomato seedlings

To investigate the effect of varying the light intensity on the photosynthate distribution, cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were grown under different light intensities. It was found that the seedlings under 300 μmol m^–2 s^–1 had a significantly higher dry weight and health index (Health index = Stem diameter/Stem height × Dry weight) than seedlings receiving other light treatments. On the contrary, the biomass, specific leaf mass and health index values of seedlings exposed to 50 μmol m^–2 s^–1 and 550 μmol m^–2 s^–1 were the lowest among all of the treatments. In terms of ¹⁴C-labelled photosynthate translocation, the seedlings under 300 μmol m^–2 s^–1 had lower remaining ¹⁴C-labelled photosynthate (31.45%) compared with other treatments, after ¹⁴CO₂ was supplied for 2 days. The seedlings under 150 μmol m^–2 s^–1 had 36.97% of ¹⁴C-labelled photosynthate in the labelled leaves and transported the obviously higher ¹⁴C-labelled photosynthate to new shoot than others. Together, our results indicate that the photosynthate distribution was the most rational in cherry tomato seedlings at 300 μmol m^–2 s^–1, which enhanced leaf photosynthesis and plant growth.     

LED光照条件下低温弱光贮藏对辣椒种苗质量的影响

随着我国设施蔬菜种植面积和蔬菜育苗产业的不断扩大,蔬菜商品苗的贮藏和运输成为育苗产业的重要环节。以辣椒品种农大24为试材,研究穴盘成苗在不同低温弱光环境下的形态指标与生理指标变化,旨在明确适合辣椒种苗长期贮藏或长途运输的适宜环境条件。结果表明:温度为11℃,R∶B为1.9的荧光灯且光照强度为30μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、光照周期为12h·d~(-1)的贮藏环境和R∶B为1.3的LED且光照强度为15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、光照周期为24h·d~(-1)的贮藏环境均能满足14d辣椒种苗贮藏和运输,有效地维持了种苗质量。相比于荧光灯,高光效和低能耗的LED光源更适用于辣椒种苗的低温弱光贮藏和长途运输。     

番茄不同生育阶段遮荫对光合作用与产量的影响

 研究了番茄夏季不同生长阶段午间遮荫对光合作用、干物质分配和产量构成的影响。结果表明,不同时期遮荫使番茄初花期、盛花期和末花期午间气孔导度(Gs) 和胞间CO2 浓度(Ci) 增加, 75%遮荫显著降低净光合速率(Pn) , 但盛花期中度遮荫( 40%遮荫) 的Pn 随着遮荫时间的增加逐渐上升, 在末花期阶段表现尤为明显, 8 d 平均Pn 比对照增加22%, 蒸腾速率也显著增加。在初花和盛花期, 重度遮荫( 75% 遮荫) 显著降低根、茎干样质量, 但中度遮荫使末花期的根、茎干样质量分别比对照( 不遮荫) 增加43%和22%, 叶干样质量的增加不明显。初花期遮荫对果实产量影响不明显, 但盛花期75%遮荫的总产量和有效产量显著降低; 在末花期, 与对照相比, 40%的遮荫使总产量和有效产量显著增加, 单果质量亦增加35%。这些结果表明, 末花期午间适度遮荫有利于提高光合作用, 增加干样质量和经济产量。     

Response of tomato plants to saline water as affected by carbon dioxide supplementation. II. Physiological responses

Summary

Photosynthesis of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. cv. F144) was studied under conditions of CO₂ supplementation and salinity. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of salinity on the acclimation of tomato plants to CO₂ supplementation. Plants were grown under either low (355.mmol mol^–1) or elevated (1200.6.50 mmol mol^–1) CO₂ and were irrigated with low concentrations of mixed salts. The highest salinity level (E.C. 7 dS m–1) was that used to produce quality tomatoes in the Negev highlands, in Israel. During early development (three weeks after planting), the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves was much higher under elevated CO₂, and other than a slight decrease in quantum yield efficiency as measured by fluorescence (DF/F 9 ^m ), no signs of acclimation to high levels of CO₂ were apparent. Clear acclimation to high CO₂ concentration was evide t ten weeks after planting when the net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic capacity, and carboxylation efficiency of leaves of non-salinized plants were strongly suppressed under elevated CO₂. This was accompanied by reductions in carboxylation efficiency, Rubisco activity and PSII quantum yield, and an increased accumulation of leaf soluble sugars. The reduction in photosynthetic capacity in the high CO₂ plants was less in plants grown at the highest salinity level. This was correlated with an increase in the PSII quantum yield parameters (F_v/F_m) and DF/F 9 m ) but not with Rubisco activity which was affected by the CO₂ treatments only. These results explain the effects of high CO₂ on yields in tomatoes grown at high levels of salt (Li et al., 1999).     

不同种类外源多胺缓解番茄盐胁迫伤害的研究

采用水培法，以耐盐能力较弱的番茄品种江蔬14号为试验材料，研究了盐胁迫下不同种类、不同浓度外源多胺对番茄幼苗生长及质膜透性 的影响。结果表明：100 mmol·L^-1的NaCl胁迫12 d，番茄幼苗的株高相对生长率、主根长相对生长率及植株的干质量、鲜质量降低，叶片质膜透性 增加；喷施外源多胺可以缓解盐胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用，其中100 mg·L^-1 Spd、100 mg·L^-1 Spm和150 mg·L^-1 Put作用效果最为明显。