柑桔黄龙病的发生与防治

柑桔黄龙病目前是柑桔生产中危害最大的一种毁灭性病害 ,广西最早于 194 3年报道此病 ,2 0世纪80年代以前主要在桂南、桂中流行 ,80年代以后桂北地区亦开始流行。因该病的流行已造成桂南钦州柑桔生产基地、桂中一些柑桔专业农场、荔浦夏橙生产基地的毁灭性打击 .时至今日 ,柑桔黄龙病已扩散到全区各柑桔产区。柑、沙田柚、甜橙、温州蜜柑、南丰蜜桔、金柑、杂交柑等品种 ,都无法避免柑桔黄龙病的侵染 ,现在的状况是生产管理好的果园 ,病害发生程度相对轻。相反则病害发生就重 ,一些失管的果园柑桔黄龙病发病率高达 10 0 % ,这对于柑桔生产…     

贵州柑桔主产区柑桔黄龙病菌发生及遗传多样性研究

为掌握贵州省柑桔黄龙病的疫情及了解病原菌的遗传多样性,2015—2016年在15个县(市)采集了104份柑桔黄龙病疑似样品,进行柑桔黄龙病菌16SrDNA常规PCR检测及柑桔黄龙病菌亚洲种噬菌体转移酶基因位点多态性分析。结果表明,供试样品有19份检测为阳性,阳性检出率为18.27%。贵州柑桔黄龙病疫情主要集中在罗甸、望谟、兴义、册亨等黔南和黔西南柑桔黄龙病发生老区,从江、榕江等黔东南地区疫情得到一定控制,遵义及铜仁等地区未发现疫情。贵州省内柑桔黄龙病菌有丰富的遗传多态性,在地理来源及寄主品种来源上均表现出遗传差异。     

改造柑桔黄龙病重病桔园的技术要点

广西桂北柑桔品质好，耐贮运，易销售，经济价值高，栽培技术普及等特点，为其它杂果类果树无法比拟。但近年由于柑桔黄龙病的为书。许多管理差的老桔园丧失结果能力，部份新补种柑桔幼树，比老树死得更快，使有些农户不敢再种柑桔。1990年桂林地区农科所园艺试验场对1．33hm2、1400余株，发病率达65％的磋柑国进行全园砍伐，换植早熟温州蜜柑，1994年平均株产达16．8kg，经调查还没有发现柑桔黄龙病病株，控制黄龙病的效果和经济效益显著。现将我园艺试验场改造黄龙病重病桔园的技术要点总结如下：1．实行全园砍伐全国更新重种1．1成片改造…     

赣南地区柑桔黄龙病发生规律研究

根据2013年和2014年赣南各地柑桔黄龙病普查资料,对赣南柑桔黄龙病发病规律进行了分析。结果表明,赣南地区南北纵向不同区域间柑桔黄龙病的病情差异大,北纬25.330°以南为重发病区,北纬25.330°~25.880°之间为中等发病区,北纬25.880°以北为轻发病区;同一纬度,东西横向不同经度区域的病情差异不明显。柑桔黄龙病发生为害程度还与果园规模、树龄和柑桔种类有较密切关系,小规模果园病情重,10年以下低龄树和16年以上老龄树发病较重,温州蜜柑比脐橙敏感,脐橙比沙田柚敏感。     

关于赣州地区的柑桔斑黄病问题

柑桔黄龙病是柑桔生产的严重病害之一,广东全省,广西、福建南部的绝大多数柑桔产区都有发生。 我区所发现的柑桔“黄龙病”,和广东、广西、福建的黄龙病很相似,但又不尽相同。虽然不象两广的黄龙病那样在几年内可使柑桔树整株病死,但     

沙田柚黄龙病的发生与综合防治

沙田柚的病害种类很多 ,有溃疡病、黄龙病、炭疽病、疮痂病、黑星病、流胶病等。其中黄龙病是沙田柚的一种致命病害 ,群众称之为沙田柚的癌症 ,严重影响产量、品质和经济效益。现在梅州市沙田柚的栽种面积超过 2 1 333ｈｍ2 ,1 999年总产量达 30万ｔ,产值超过 2 .5亿人民币 ,成为全国最大的柚果生产基地 ,梅州被称为“金柚之乡” ,走出了一条农业产业化道路 ,充分利用了山地资源 ,发展了山区经济 ,成为梅州农村脱贫致富的支柱产业。黄龙病在国内主要分布于广东、广西、江西、福建、台湾、四川、浙江、贵州等省区。在国外主要分布于印度、南…     

《广西园艺》2006年总目录

◇试验研究◇果园种草——养鸡农牧结合模式研究………………1(3)银边富贵竹组织培养及植株再生……………………1(5)冰糖橙和冰糖脐橙的性状研究………………………2(3)沙田柚疏花疏果技术的研究…………………………2(5)不同修剪方法对沙田柚密闭树的效应………………3(3)利用RT-PCR检测库尔勒香梨泡状溃疡类病毒…3(7)T ritonX-100对月季切花效应的研究…………………5(3)乙烯利提早“国庆一号”温州蜜柑果实成熟的效应…6(3)◇桂北柑桔优势带建设◇下真功夫防治黄龙病促进柑桔产业大发展………1(7)控制柑桔黄龙病确保广西柑桔持续发…     

浅述柑桔黄龙病防治技术

柑桔黄龙病是柑桔类果树隐性危害最重的一种病害,由于它的各种表现比一般病害不容易发现,造成的损失不突然,所以在生产管理上一直不重视,但其危害性却最大。本文就柑桔黄龙病的表现形态及危害和防治方法进行浅述。     

佛州柑桔黄龙病预防措施的经济分析

黄龙病（Huanglongbing,HLB）通常也称青果病,为一种细菌性病害,能影响所有的柑桔品种,是世界柑桔生产中最具毁灭性的病害之一,目前在亚洲、非洲、大洋洲、南美洲和北美洲等地相继发现了柑桔黄龙病。     

用好用活河池优势 做强做优柑桔产业

1基本情况河池柑桔生产历史悠久，蕴藏着丰富的品种资源（柑桔类有5个种42个品种）；自然条件优越，多种小气候区域分布表现明显，是全国柑桔种植的最适宜区或适宜区之一。河池于上世纪80年代开始大量引种温州蜜柑和沙田柚，同时也引种了少量新会橙、暗柳橙、冰糖橙、大红橙、槛柑等；21世纪初开始引种脐橙、夏橙、优质杂交柑、南丰蜜桔和沙塘桔等。目前以温州蜜柑、桩柑为主，其次是沙田柚和脐橙，     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.