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《中国瓜菜》2020,(8)
瓜类蔬菜是重要的蔬菜种类,广泛种植于世界各地。瓜类蔬菜多为蔓生作物,生产中通过设立支架提高产品的产量与品质。近年来,随着分子生物学的快速发展和基因工程技术的深入研究,对作物矮生性状及其相关基因的研究也愈加深入,应用基因工程技术对作物株高进行遗传改良已成为提高作物产量的有效途径,培育合理株型已成为作物育种的重要目标。矮生性状作为瓜类蔬菜育种中的一个重要的结构性状,也是当前瓜类蔬菜育种工作的热点。笔者综述了瓜类蔬菜矮生性状的遗传学研究进展,特别是黄瓜、西瓜、南瓜和甜瓜等主要瓜类蔬菜矮生性状相关基因的遗传学分析、基因定位以及基因克隆等方面的研究进展,并对瓜类蔬菜矮生性状在作物分子育种中的应用和发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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本文从果树等无性繁殖植物的育种工作需要出发,讨论了这类植物的遗传特点和研究方法问题。阐明了果树等无性繁殖植物的实生后代一系列经济性状显著退化的遗传原因。提出了果树性状育种值及遗传传递力的科学概念和估算方法。应用这种方法,品种类型间性状的育种值和传递力强弱可以用具体数值来衡量和比较,从而给杂交育种的亲本选择选配提供科学依据。通过和家畜改良中育种值估算方法和应用的对比讨论了果树等无性繁殖植物估算育种值的重要意义和应用前景。 相似文献
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YU Zhongwei XIANG Changping 《长江蔬菜》2008,(8)
双列杂交设计及其分析方法是指通过分析组合材料的特点,从而为筛选出符合目标性状的优良亲本组合提供一强有力的工具。由于双列杂交能提供关于组合材料变异遗传成分和杂交后代的实际表现能力,而且在遗传中可以研究数量性状基因的相互作用,所以双列杂交在数量性状遗传与育种上得到广泛应用。主要对双列杂交法在作物增产、品质改良、抗性遗传育种等方面的应用历史、现状和前景进行概述。 相似文献
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一引言 在许多科学研究中,经常需要进行定性分析和定量分析。例如:在农业科学中的生物统计和数量遗传理论,就是卓有成效的定量分析。但是,实际上常常由于观测手段及事物客观属性的限制,有些现象直到现在仍然是模糊的。这就给定量分析带来了困难,因此很有必要通过数学方法,首先将那些模糊的概念或现象定量化。 在蔬菜育种研究中,就存在着这样的问题。尽管在工作实践中,可以应用数量遗传理论进行一系列有意义的计算。例如:相关分析、通往分析、遗传力及选择指数的计算等。但是为了进行以上的分析与计算,首先要求被研究的性状必须能够定量化。… 相似文献
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Jian Zhang Tongyi Yang Rong-Fang Li Yu Zhou Yun-Long Pang Li Liu 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(6):645-655
Improvement of fruit traits is an important objective in current mulberry breeding programs. In this study, 93 mulberry accessions of diverse origin were genotyped using 15 ISSR markers to identify marker–trait associations with fruit traits. Fifteen ISSR primers generated a total of 104 amplification products, of which 94 were polymorphic, revealing 90.38% polymorphism; the mean PIC value was 0.2698. UPGMA cluster analysis showed clear genetic relationships between the 93 mulberry cultivars, and the major clusters were related to known pedigree relationships and their ecotype. The mean r2 value for all intra-chromosomal loci pairs was 0.0210. Marker–trait associations were investigated using the unified mixed-model approach, considering both population structure (Q) and kinship (K). In total, 24 marker–trait associations (p < 0.01) were identified using different ISSR markers. The results suggest that association mapping in mulberry is a viable alternative to quantitative trait loci mapping, and detection of associations between markers and mulberry fruit traits will also provide important information for marker-assisted breeding. 相似文献
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Vegetables play an important role in human nutrition and health. Cultivation of vegetable crops is an integral part of the agricultural economy of many developing countries. Vegetable crop productivity and quality are seriously affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses, which destabilize rural economies in many countries. Moreover, absence of proper post-harvest storage and processing facilities leads to qualitative and quantitative losses. In the past four decades, conventional breeding has contributed significantly for the improvement of vegetable yields, quality, post-harvest life, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there are many constraints in conventional breeding, which can only be overcome by advancements made in modern biology. In the last decade various traits such as biotic stress resistance, quality and storage life have been successfully engineered into vegetable crops and some of them have been commercialized. In recent years significant progress has been made to manipulate vegetable crops for abiotic stress tolerance, quality improvement and pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Although the progress in commercialization of transgenic vegetable crops has been relatively slow, transgenic vegetables engineered for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical use will contribute significantly to the value added agriculture in near future. 相似文献
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Melon is one of the economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crops in the world. There is a wide genetic diversity in the cultivated and wild species of melon. Melon as one of the most consumed fruits, the development and ripening of fruit is known to be a complex developmental process that involves many biochemical and physiological changes including the breakdown of chlorophyll, degradation of the cell wall, increase in sugars content, alteration in pigment biosynthesis, and the accumulation of flavour and aromatic compounds. However, the information on genetic engineering and molecular biology of melon is very limited. With the development of genetics and molecular biology, a large number of quality/ripening-regulated genes involved in pigmentation, vitamin, soluble carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall metabolism and ethylene biosynthesis have been identified in melons. Some genetic manipulations of melons have been proved to be useful technology to improve quality, sensory attributes, shelf life and other agronomic traits of melon fruit. This paper reviewed some progresses in the trangenic approach to improve quality traits of melon fruit. 相似文献
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