小麦秸秆与菇渣混合基质对辣椒秧苗质量的影响

采用腐熟小麦秸秆和食用菌菇渣为原料,组成7种复合基质进行辣椒穴盘育苗。结果表明:处理T2即腐熟小麦秸秆∶菇渣=3∶1(体积比)为辣椒育苗的最佳配比基质,该基质中辣椒幼苗的植株性状、干重及根系均显著好于草炭和珍珠岩(体积比1∶1),适宜作为穴盘育苗基质。     

基于有机物料高效利用的非草炭型果菜育苗基质配方比较试验

针对蔬菜育苗基质需要量迅速增加的现状,有效降低育苗基质成本,提高幼苗品质。以玉米秸秆、腐熟牛粪、稻壳、菇渣及炉渣5种常见有机物料作为主要原料,设计了6种基质配方,以商品育苗基质作为对照(CK),以育苗效果相关指标为依据,分别进行了黄瓜、番茄育苗试验,对不同配方基质进行比较试验,以期配出能够替代现有草炭依赖型育苗基质的适宜配方,以实现有机物料在蔬菜产业中的生态利用。结果表明:T4配方基质(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=20∶30∶30∶20),能够满足黄瓜育苗要求,T3(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=25∶25∶25∶25)和T5(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=20∶20∶40∶20)2种配方基质适于番茄育苗应用。     

不同配比基质对辣椒穴盘苗质量的影响

试验以腐熟的玉米秸秆、牛粪、草炭、蛭石为原料,按照不同比例配制出6种基质,以辣椒为试验材料进行穴盘育苗。依据不同基质的理化性质以及幼苗生长与生理指标进行综合分析。结果表明,不同配比基质对辣椒幼苗生长和生理指标的影响存在显著差异,其中以处理T5(牛粪∶秸秆∶草炭∶蛭石=5∶1∶2∶2,体积比)在基质理化性状以及幼苗生长与生理指标上均优于其他处理,与对照(草炭∶蛭石=2∶1,体积比)相当,该处理降低草炭用量46.7%。     

腐熟牛粪、菌糠在黄瓜育苗上的应用效果研究

以黄瓜为试材，将腐熟牛粪、菌糠作为主要基质原材料，采用添加不同体积的草炭和蛭石进行基质复配的方法开展黄瓜育苗试验，研究了不同配比基质的理化性质及其对黄瓜育苗效果的影响，以期筛选适宜黄瓜育苗的基质配方，为腐熟牛粪、菌糠等废弃物的基质化利用提供参考依据。结果表明：与对照相比，草蛭∶腐熟牛粪∶菌糠=70∶10∶20配比基质理化性状适宜，出苗率达98.67%,整齐度最高，可显著提高黄瓜幼苗茎粗、叶面积，地上干质量和地下干质量均为最大，分别达0.19 g和0.02 g,幼苗综合评价指数最高，达0.914 6,综合表现最优。可推荐草蛭∶腐熟牛粪∶菌糠=70∶10∶20配比基质作为黄瓜育苗基质使用。     

非草炭依赖型甜椒育苗基质筛选

以"中椒七号"甜椒为试材,以商品草炭基质为对照,研究了以腐熟玉米秸秆、菌糠、沼渣和蛭石为组分的20种不含草炭配方基质对甜椒幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:菌糠∶沼渣∶蛭石=1∶2∶1(体积比)基质培育的幼苗在株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部干鲜重、地下部干鲜重、壮苗指数以及叶绿素含量、光合速率和根系活力等方面与商品草炭基质无显著差异,在集约化育苗中可作为草炭基质的替代品。     

小麦秸秆复合基质对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响

为了充分利用农业废弃物小麦秸秆,进行草炭替代性育苗基质原料的研发,实现农业资源循环化利用和生态可持续发展。以番茄‘毛粉802’为材料,通过小麦秸秆腐熟物、草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩4种基质原料及1种生物菌肥进行不同体积配比处理,研究不同配比的小麦秸秆复合基质对番茄幼苗生长指标、叶片色素及荧光指标、幼苗叶片理化性质指标、基质生物指标和理化性质的影响,探究适合番茄幼苗生长的小麦秸秆复合育苗基质配方。利用灰色关联法对19项指标进行综合分析。结果表明,V腐熟小麦秸秆∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩∶V生物菌肥=6∶2.5∶1∶0.5番茄幼苗表现最好,而番茄幼苗在纯小麦秸秆腐熟物上的生长量远远低于其他处理,番茄幼苗的表现最差。     

浅谈汉滨区蔬菜产业化发展思路与对策

试验以自制和市售育苗基质为栽培基质,采用定期浇灌营养液的方式来栽培番茄,研究了不同栽培基质对其植株长势、果实品质及产量的影响.结果表明：同等浇灌条件下,体积比草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1栽培基质有利于植株生长,但对叶片叶绿素含量无明显影响,单果质量和单株平均产量均最高;糖酸比由高到低的顺序为：草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1＞3∶1∶1＞市售育苗基质;维生素C含量由大到小的顺序为草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1＞2∶1∶1＞市售育苗基质.综合3种栽培基质对番茄植株生长、果实品质和产量等指标的影响,草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1为番茄基质栽培的最优组合.     

利用花生壳替代基质培育番茄穴盘苗的研究

以常用的草炭、珍珠岩育苗基质为对照,研究了3种花生壳替代基质配方的理化性质、对番茄幼苗生长的影响,从而筛选出可部分替代草炭的基质配方。试验结果表明,配方T1(草炭∶珍珠岩∶花生壳=1∶1∶1)的混合基质,具有容重小、孔隙度大的特点,且其盐浓度、pH值均在番茄幼苗生长的适宜范围内,其培育的番茄穴盘苗的形态指标和生理指标均与对照(草炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1)的无显著差异,而配方T2(草炭∶蛭石∶花生壳=1∶1∶1)、T3(珍珠岩∶花生壳=1∶2)的混合基质的育苗效果不如对照,因此可利用花生壳代替部分草炭培育番茄穴盘壮苗,其中以T1(草炭∶珍珠岩∶花生壳=1∶1∶1)的配方为最优。     

平菇菌糠基质在番茄、甜椒育苗上的应用研究

为筛选出适合番茄、甜椒育苗的基质配方,以腐熟的平菇菌糠、蚯蚓粪、蛭石、珍珠岩为原料,进行番茄、甜椒育苗试验,通过不同基质配比试验,比较出芽率、出苗率、幼苗生长状况等指标,结果表明:番茄、甜椒育苗基质以M_4(菌糠∶蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6.5∶1.5∶1.0∶1.0)育苗效果最好,最接近以草炭土为原料的商品育苗基质,其次是M_5(菌糠∶蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6.0∶2.0∶1.0∶1.0)。     

不同基质对黄瓜长势、产量及果实品质的影响

为筛选出适宜春大棚黄瓜槽式栽培的基质,以黄瓜“北农佳秀”为试材,选用蘑菇棒、牛羊粪、草炭、珍珠岩和蛭石等5种基质材料,研究了不同基质配比对黄瓜生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明：基质为蘑菇棒∶牛羊粪∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石体积比为2∶1∶3∶1∶1时,黄瓜植株长势较强,667 m2产量、单方水产出和667 m2收益均最高,分别为12 947、61.9 kg和9 565元,且果实品质较好。在春大棚中,蘑菇棒∶牛羊粪∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石体积比2∶1∶3∶1∶1是黄瓜槽式基质节水栽培适宜的基质配比。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

Influence of lanthanum nitrate on the expression of aquaporin 7 in the testis of rats

AIM: To find out whether different dosage of rare earth element-lanthanum can influence the expression of aquaporin 7(AQP 7) in the testis of rats. METHODS:Rats were fed with lanthanum nitrate[La(NO₃)₃]and killed 6 months later.Testes were then removed immediately to extract total RNA.Northern blot analysis is performed finally. RESULTS:0.1 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ depressed the expression of AQP 7 in rat testis, while 20 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ had no significant effect on it. CONCLUSION: AQP 7 expession is found in the rat testis; La(NO₃)₃ can depress the expression of AQP 7 in the rat testis.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Kirschensorten auf wuchsreduzierenden Unterlagen in Ungarn

Zusammenfassung In Ungarn gibt es ein reges Interesse an intensivem Obstanbau. Der Erfolg dieses Anbaus hängt in sehr großem Maße von den Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Standort, den Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen und dem Anbauverfahren ab.Um die Wirkung wuchsreduzierender Kirschenunterlagen aus ausländischen Züchtungsinstituten unter ungarischen Klimaverhältnissen untersuchen zu können, wurde im Forschungsinstitut für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd ein Vergleichsversuch durchgeführt. Der Versuch wurde mit Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 154, Weiroot 158, GiSelA 5 und P-HL-A-Unterlagen 1997 in der Versuchsanstalt des Forschungsinstituts für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd aufgepflanzt. Als Kontrolle diente die Sämlingsunterlage Cerasus mahaleb Cema, deren Anteil im ungarischen Süßkirschenanbau bei 70–80% liegt. Die Unterlagen wurden mit drei Süßkirschensorten (Germersdorfi , Linda, Katalin) und mit einer Sauerkirschensorte (Piramis) veredelt.Nach der Wüchsigkeit bis zum Ende des 8. Standjahres konnten die Unterlagen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: starkwüchsige (Cerasus mahaleb Cema, Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13), mittelstarkwüchsige (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) und schwachwüchsige Unterlagen (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Die stärkste Neigung, Wurzelschosse zu treiben, zeigten Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 154.Während der Untersuchung der generativen Eigenschaften wurde beobachtet, dass es Unterschiede in der Blütezeit der Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen gibt. Auf GiSelA 5 veredelte Sorten blühten 1 oder 2 Tage früher als die Kontrolle. Es gab nur geringe Unterschiede in der Reifezeit der Kombinationen. Den größten Ertrag hatte die Sorte Linda, gefolgt von Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 und Piramis. Der größte Fruchtdurchmesser wurde bei der Süßkirschensorte Germersdorfi 3 gefunden, der größte Anteil an Früchten größer als 26 mm bei den Bäumen auf Weiroot 72 (23%), der geringste Anteil großer Früchte bei den Bäumen auf GiSelA 5. Bei Piramis wurde der größte Fruchtdurchmesser auf Cerasus avium C. 2493 gemessen.     

Effects of corridors on home range sizes and interpatch movements of three small mammal species

Corridors are predicted to benefit populations in patchy habitats bypromoting movement, which should increase population densities, gene flow, andrecolonization of extinct patch populations. However, few investigators haveconsidered use of the total landscape, particularly the possibility ofinterpatch movement through matrix habitat, by small mammals. This studycompares home range sizes of 3 species of small mammals, the cotton mouse(Peromyscus gossypinus), old-field mouse (P.polionotus) and cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)between patches with and without corridors. The study site was in S. Carolina,USA. Corridor presence did not have astatistically significant influence on average home range size. Habitatspecialization and sex influenced the probability of an individual movingbetween 2 patches without corridors. The results of this study suggest thatsmall mammals may be more capable of interpatch movement without corridors thanis frequently assumed.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quercetin regulates Fas expression and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of 1, 4, 5- trisphosphate inositol (IP3) and Fas gene expression in apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by quercetin. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with quercetin at different concentrations (including 20, 40, 60, 80 μmol/ L) for 72 h and treated with 60 μmol/ L quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. IP3, Fas mRNA, Fas protein and apoptosis rate were assayed by IP3 - ［3H］ Birtrak assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: When HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin for 72 h, the IP3 content was lower than those in control. Fas mRNA expression, Fas protein expression and the apoptosis rate were higher than those in control. When HepG2 cells were incubated with quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the IP3 contents were lower than those in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h. Fas mRNA expression was higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h . Fas protein expression was higher than that in control. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 24 h (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Quercetin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing IP3 production and upregulating Fas gene expression.