日光温室雾化降温系统对越夏番茄生长与品质的影响

以“金妃”与“千禧”樱桃番茄为试材,以没有夏季降温系统的传统温室为对照,以添加雾化降温、间断式内遮阳、纸膜覆盖复合降温系统温室为处理,研究不同降温处理对温室环境及越夏番茄生长与品质的影响,以期为我国北方地区番茄越夏高品质生长提供参考依据。结果表明：复合降温系统对番茄植株生长有一致的调控作用,但复合系统对“金妃”樱桃番茄越夏生长调控作用大于“千禧”品种。与对照相比,处理温室平均降低环境温度3.67℃,降低基质温度1.53℃;提高了番茄株高相对生长率、总生物量与单株产量,其中“金妃”与“千禧”处理产量分别提高了23.63%和12.25%,净光合速率分别提高71.68%和32.43%。同时处理温室适宜的温光条件提高了“金妃”与“千禧”的有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量,分别显著增加14.36%、42.82%、11.84%、21.56%和34.05%、33.29%、14.06%、23.15%。综合分析,复合降温系统可调控空气和基质温度,提高番茄产量和品质。     

樱桃番茄新品种示范与评比试验

为了筛选出适合延庆地区种植的高产、优质、抗性强的设施樱桃番茄新品种,促进品种更新换代,引进了4个樱桃番茄新品种进行春大棚越夏一大茬生产评比试验。结果表明：番茄1843开花、坐果较早, 株高、茎粗生长势较强,成熟果实颜色粉红色、汁液较多、可溶性固形物含量较高,667 m2产量和效益均最高,分别为3 051 kg和13 141元,且抗病性、连续坐果性较强,口感、品质较优,适宜在延庆地区春大棚进行越夏茬栽培种植。     

越夏茬春大棚网纹甜瓜品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜在北京种植的越夏茬春大棚优质网纹甜瓜品种,选取6个品种的网纹甜瓜为试验材料,记录其田间长势及果实品质的相关数据并进行比较分析。结果表明:6个参试品种田间长势及果实品质均有显著差异,其中柏格的心糖、边糖最高,分别为15.57%、11.27%,果肉较厚,达到3.73 cm,果实品质最优秀。综合看来,柏格可进一步在北京地区越夏茬春大棚进一步推广栽培。     

不同遮光措施对豌豆、萝卜、向日葵芽苗菜生长、产量及品质的影响

为研究在自然光照条件下不同遮光措施对几种芽苗菜生长、产量及营养品质的影响,选用遮光率分别为90%、65%、50%的常规遮阳网对豌豆、萝卜和向日葵3种芽苗菜进行遮光处理,以不遮光处理为对照,测定分析不同处理栽培盘内温、湿度变化及芽苗菜的生长、产量、品质等指标的变化情况。结果表明：遮光处理对栽培盘内温度的影响具有时段性。在白天（06:00—18:00）,遮光处理均不同程度降低了栽培盘内的温度,且遮光率越高、光照越强,温度降低幅度越大,在15:00,90%、65%遮光率处理的温度分别较对照降低14.9%、11.4%;遮光处理栽培盘内湿度均较对照有所增加。遮光处理的3种芽苗菜百株地上部鲜质量、产量、VC含量和口感评定分值均有不同程度增加,百株地上部干质量、叶绿素含量、纤维素含量均有所下降,其中65%遮光率处理的萝卜苗百株地上部鲜质量、VC含量、口感评定分值均最高,产量居第2位,分别较对照显著增加27.6%、3.8%、52.6%和38.6%;65%遮光率处理的豌豆苗产量最高,较对照显著增加5.4%,90%遮光率处理的豌豆苗VC含量、口感评定分值均最高,较对照分别显著增加4.6%、169.2%,纤...     

新型白色遮阳网对番茄育苗环境及幼苗生长的影响

以番茄品种中杂105为试材,研究了不同遮光率的新型白色遮阳网和传统黑色遮阳网覆盖对网室内温光环境、番茄幼苗生长指标及生理特性的影响。结果表明:随着遮阳网遮光率的降低,网室内光量子通量密度(PFD)、气温、5cm和10cm地温均呈升高趋势。遮光率50%的黑色遮阳网和白色遮阳网的透射光谱明显不同,黑色遮阳网对紫外光的透光率较高,对可见光和红外光的透光率差别不大;而白色遮阳网对紫外光和部分红外光的透光率明显低于可见光。随着遮光率的降低,两种颜色遮阳网处理的番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、干质量、壮苗指数、光合色素含量、根系活力和叶片厚度均增加。综合来看,夏季番茄育苗宜根据实际情况选择遮光率20%~40%的遮阳网,其中遮光率20%的白色遮阳网效果较好。     

不同栽培形式对嫁接番茄生长及果实品质的影响

以嫁接番茄品种烟粉207为供试材料,研究了基质袋培、基质槽式栽培、土壤栽培3种栽培形式对嫁接番茄生长及果实品质的影响。试验结果表明,基质槽式栽培的嫁接番茄总产量比土壤栽培的增加了25.8%,前期产量增加了150.0%;基质袋培嫁接番茄总产量比土壤栽培减少4.6%,但前期产量增加了214.8%。2种基质栽培处理的嫁接番茄的株高、茎粗、叶片数等生长指标均低于土壤栽培,但果实硬度、VC含量、可溶性固形物含量等指标明显高于土壤栽培,显著提高了番茄的品质;二者光合速率无显著差异,均显著低于基质袋培形式。     

不同棚型温光效应及其对番茄产量品质的影响

以“爱蜜”番茄种子为试材，采用大棚基质栽培方法，对3种不同开窗结构塑料大棚(顶部不开窗型大棚CK、顶部单侧开窗型大棚SG、顶部双侧对称开窗型大棚FG)进行温光及相对湿度观测，并比较不同开窗棚型对番茄植株生长、产量及果实品质的影响，以期筛选出最适于长江流域番茄春提早栽培的塑料大棚类型。结果表明：3种不同结构大棚的散热性能FG>SG>CK;棚内光照强度FG>SG>CK;棚内湿度CK>SG>FG;SG和FG型大棚能显著增加番茄产量，相比于CK每667 m²分别增产448.81、1 005.48 kg,分别提升了14.29%和31.90%。番茄果实中可溶性糖含量和抗坏血酸含量均为FG>SG>CK。顶部全开窗型大棚最适合南方地区生产需要。     

设施番茄高品质栽培理论与技术

我国是世界上番茄总产量最高的国家,番茄生产主要以设施栽培为主。由于生产规模已日趋稳定,高品质栽培成为当前设施番茄生产的一个重要发展方向。但是,目前我国设施番茄的高品质栽培仍属于探索阶段,尚缺乏能在生产中大面积推广应用的技术。本文在阐述番茄果实品质组成(外观品质、内在品质和感官品质)的理论基础上,综述了国内外提升番茄品质的三大策略,即品种与砧木的选择、环境调控和农艺措施。最后,对设施番茄高品质栽培技术进行了小结。     

不同整枝方式对管棚越夏栽培番茄生长的影响

在管棚田间状况下,对越夏栽培的番茄进行单秆整枝、双秆整枝及连续摘心处理,测定番茄的生长、产量及品质指标,研究不同的整枝方式对越夏栽培番茄生长的影响.研究结果表明,连续摘心处理的植株在株高、茎粗、产量、叶绿素含量及根系活力指标方面均优于单秆整枝和双秆整枝处理;双秆整枝处理的植株叶片中丙二醛含量最高,番茄果实中VC含量也有...     

大荔沙苑大棚樱桃番茄有机营养枕越夏栽培技术

为了解决大荔县越夏番茄日益加重的连作障碍、果实风味逐年变差及生产效益不断下降等问题,通过引进、应用杨凌有机营养枕,在单膜钢架大棚内增设遮阳、防虫及降温设施,严格实施品种遴选、设施完善、破枕开穴、规范定植、植株调整、花果管理、病虫害防治等技术,在沙苑大棚中试验樱桃番茄越夏栽培,取得了圆满成功,达到了增产、增收的效果,为大荔乃至关中大棚蔬菜生产探索出了越夏栽培的新模式。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量