四倍体刺槐在黄土高原地区的应用前景分析

四倍体刺槐是一种引进树种，集用材、饲料、蜜源、薪炭于一身，具有耐旱、耐寒，生长速度快，木材性能好、用途广，叶量大和营养丰富等特点。现已成为西部生态环境建设及保护工程、退耕还林及荒山绿化的首选及先锋树种。陕西省榆林市是典型的黄土丘陵沟壑区是四倍体刺槐适生区，发展四倍体刺槐具有广阔的发展前景。     

不同倍性金铁锁叶和茎解剖结构差异分析

以2个金铁锁四倍体材料(T1、T2)及1个二倍体金铁锁组培苗(CK)为试材,采用石蜡切片法,观察不同倍性金铁锁组培苗的茎、叶解剖结构差异。结果表明:不同倍性金铁锁组培苗叶及茎的相关性状均差异显著。不同倍性金铁锁均无明显栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化。四倍体金铁锁T1与T2叶片厚度分别是二倍体的1.77、1.60倍;叶主脉厚度分别是二倍体的2.34、1.67倍。四倍体金铁锁T2的茎直径横切大小为二倍体金铁锁的1.40倍,而T1和T2的茎导管横切大小分别是二倍体的1.81、1.23倍;四倍体T1和T2的茎中空横切大小分别是二倍体的1.80、1.73倍。可见,金铁锁经多倍化处理后,其茎、叶的解剖结构发生了显著变异。研究结果可为金铁锁多倍体育种提供参考依据。     

不同光质对白及二倍体和四倍体组培苗增殖及生长的影响

以白及二倍体及四倍体组培苗为试材,采用7组LED红、蓝、绿、白光进行不同光质配比组合,1组荧光灯作对照,对组培苗增殖率和生长指标进行比较。结果表明:1RB(红:蓝=1:1)的白及组培苗增殖率最高,白及二倍体增殖率高于四倍体,分别为247.62%、157.14%。2RB(红:蓝=2:1)的白及二倍体和四倍体增殖率最低,分别为66.67%、42.86%。R的白及二倍体及四倍体组培苗株高最高分别为40.27、44.13 mm;RBW(红:蓝:白=6:1:1)的白及二倍体及四倍体叶长最长分别为78.27、108.73 mm,叶宽最宽分别为10.50、11.82 mm。RBG(红:蓝:绿=4:2:1)的白及二倍体和四倍体假鳞茎直径最大分别为6.91,8.31 mm,与对照组有极显著差异。因此,1RB(红:蓝=1:1)对白及二倍体和四倍体增殖效果最佳,红光有利于白及组培苗株高增高,促进白及组培苗的生长;蓝光有利于白及横茎、叶长、叶宽的生长,RBG(红:蓝:绿=4:2:1)的白及假鳞茎增大效果最佳。     

不同植物生长调节剂对橡胶草组培苗不定芽分化和生根的影响

以橡胶草为试材,研究不同植物生长调节剂(6-苄氨基腺嘌呤,简称6-BA;萘乙酸,简称NAA)对橡胶草组培苗不定芽分化和生根的影响。结果表明:不同6-BA和NAA激素配比对橡胶草组培苗不定芽分化影响差异显著,诱导不定芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.1mg·L~(-1);NAA对橡胶草组培苗生根有明显促进作用,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2mg·L~(-1)。     

组织培养结合秋水仙素诱导南瓜多倍体

以‘红栗2号’南瓜子叶为外植体,探讨外植体消毒时间、激素组合和培养基中秋水仙素浓度对芽诱导率的影响,对所得植株的倍性进行鉴定。结果表明:外植体在3%(w)Na Cl O溶液中消毒15 min,污染率为0且外植体活力较高;MS+6-BA 3.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+秋水仙素40 mg·L-1是诱导‘红栗2号’南瓜产生四倍体的最适培养基,诱导率达到25.71%;组培苗形态及根尖染色体有四倍体存在。     

白菜不同倍性材料间光合特性差异研究

 以白菜‘短白梗’的二、四倍体为材料, 研究它们的光合特性发现, 秋季晴天的Pn日变化四倍体与二倍体类似, 都呈单峰型曲线。短白梗四倍体中光合色素含量略高于二倍体, 但差异不显著, 叶绿素a /b比值在二、四倍体间差异也不显著。四倍体的叶绿体的长度和宽度均显著高于二倍体, 基粒片层加厚, 结构致密有序。     

LED不同光质对白及组培苗生长及可溶性糖含量的影响

以白及二倍体与四倍体组培苗为试材,研究了LED不同光质对白及生长及可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明:不同光质对2种组培苗生长及可溶性糖含量的影响变化趋势相同。白及组培苗在红光下徒长,4红+2蓝+1绿光源处理假鳞茎生长良好;1红+1蓝光源处理下可溶性糖含量最高,显著高于其它处理;二倍体中,1红+1蓝光源处理是CK处理的1.3倍;四倍体中,1红+1蓝光源处理是CK处理的1.2倍,白、蓝、4红+2蓝+1绿光源处理都比CK高,2红+1蓝、6红+1蓝+1白、红光源处理低于CK;二倍体可溶性糖含量总体比四倍体可溶性糖含量高;综上,红光和蓝光(1∶1)最有利于白及组培苗可溶性糖的积累。     

‘木门’组织离体培养与植株再生研究

以OT型百合‘木门’鳞片为试验材料,通过不同溶度激素,进行愈伤诱导及分化、生根诱导、组培苗移栽,建立OT型百合生根移栽体系。结果表明,最佳分化诱导培养基为MS＋1.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L NAA;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS＋0.1 mg/L NAA。     

甘蔗新品系桂糖02—901和02—467组培苗生根试验

对两个甘蔗新品系桂糖02—901和02—467的组培苗生根培养基配方及培养方式进行研究。研究结果表明,桂糖02—901组培苗生根培养的最佳NAA浓度为10mg／L．最佳蔗糖浓度为70g／L;而桂糖02—467的组培苗在NAA浓度为5mg／L,蔗糖浓度为30g／L时,其生根率均比其它处理的高。在培养基中添加活性炭会降低组培苗出根率。接种后放置在室外自然光照下的环境培养,会延迟出根时间,但组培苗总的出根率比在室内的高。     

五味子组培苗生长优化研究

以五味子新品种"红珍珠"无菌苗茎段为试材,以MS为基本培养基,采用L9(34)正交实验设计方法,研究了不同培养基与不同浓度NAA和6-BA组合对五味子组培苗初代接种和继代增殖的影响。结果表明:初代接种最适培养基为MS+0.1mg/L 6-BA+0.01mg/L NAA,继代增殖最佳培养基为MS+0.1mg/L 6-BA+0.02mg/L NAA,6-BA与NAA比值为5时,愈伤率高、愈伤组织大小适中,利于组培苗生长。     

Effect of position and orientation of leaflet explants with respect to plant growth regulators on micropropagation of Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl. (ZZ)

Micropropagation studies on Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl. (ZZ) as to the position and orientation of leaflet explants and plant growth regulators were carried out. Explants consisted of leaflet lamina from the basal or apical part of the leaflet with or without petiolule or midrib that were placed vertically into the medium except for the explants with midrib from the basal part of the leaflet that were placed horizontally as well. The explants were cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 30 g l⁻¹ sucrose, supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 2 or 4 mg l⁻¹ and 6-benzyladenine (BA) at 0 or 4.44 μM in all (four) possible combinations, or with 1-naphteleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0 or 5.38 μM and BA at 0 or 4.44 μM in all (four) possible combinations (establishment medium). The morphogenic response was direct from all types of leaflet explants and varied only with respect to different plant growth regulators of the medium: 2,4-D combined or not with BA formed somatic embryo-like structures; NAA alone produced tubers and roots; BA alone resulted mainly in leaves; NAA combined with BA produced mainly roots. The intensity of the response varied accordingly to the explant type and orientation. Explants with petiolule or midrib from the basal part of the leaflet showed the highest morphogenic response compared to explants without petiolule or midrib or to explants from the apical part of the leaflet, in all the plant growth regulator combinations used. Explants with midrib from the basal part of the leaflet placed vertically into the media showed higher morphogenic response compared to those placed horizontally on the medium surface. With the objective to regenerate plantlets, explants were subcultured on MS with NAA and BA at various concentrations based on the explant response in the establishment medium, taking into consideration the initial explant type. The initial explant type did not affect the response in the subculture. Most plantlets (a tuber with roots and one leaf with one pair of leaflets) were produced by explants with embryo-like structures induced in a medium with only 2,4-D. Explants with tubers induced in a medium with NAA gave plantlets at 65–85% when subcultured in a medium with 4.44 μM BA alone or in combination with 2.69 μM NAA. Explants with leaves induced in a medium with BA and explants with roots induced in a medium with NAA and BA gave plantlets at low percentages (20–40%). The best response was produced by explants with embryo like structures induced in a medium with only 2,4-D which gave plantlets at 100% when subcultured in the medium with 2.69 μM NAA and 2.22 μM BA. Plantlets raised in different treatments were transplanted ex vitro after 22 weeks and exhibited 80–100% survival.     

不同生长素处理对蔓性千斤拔试管苗生根及移栽的影响

以蔓性千斤拔无菌试管苗作为试材,探讨NAA、IBA和IAA及不同浓度处理对生根及移栽的影响.结果表明:NAA不适合用于蔓性千斤拔试管苗的生根及移栽,当IBA在较低浓度范围0.5～1.0 mg/L时,对生根及移栽有显著的促进作用.IAA在0.5～1.5 mg/L浓度范围内对蔓性千斤拔试管苗生根及移栽有一定的促进作用,但其促进作用不如0.5～1.0 mg/L IBA处理.     

甘蔗品种“粤糖55号”的离体快速繁殖

以甘蔗品种＂粤糖55号＂为材料,对其离体快繁技术进行了研究。结果表明,用带腋芽的甘蔗茎段作为外植体,经0.1%HgCl2消毒7min后,接种到MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L的培养基上进行启动培养,能够诱导丛生芽。丛生芽继代和生根最优的培养基分别为MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L和MS＋NAA 2.0mg/L。甘蔗组培苗生根炼苗后,移到木糠中进行假植,成活率为90%~95%。     

瞿麦组织培养和快速繁殖

以瞿麦种子获得的无菌苗和无菌苗的茎段作为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的激素,研究瞿麦组织培养的最佳条件.结果表明:最适宜无菌苗丛生芽诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.4 mg/L;无菌苗茎段丛生芽诱导中,在MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+KT0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L有利于瞿麦的快速繁殖;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.1 mg/L.为提高试管苗增殖率及避免玻璃化现象的发生,最佳继代周期28 d,最适宜光照3 000 lx.     

Propagation of hyacinths by tissue culture

Sterile tissue from most parts of the hyacinth will regenerate plantlets in vitro. Bulbscale and basal plate tissue require no added growth substances but leaf, stem and ovary tissue respond to low concentrations of the auxins indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-napthylacetic acid (NAA).At higher concentrations of NAA, plantlets are replaced by callus from which plantlets may be regenerated. In vitro plantlets may be split into two halves each of which regenerates a whole plantlet on sub-culture; this process may be repeated at intervals of 8–12 weeks throughout the year.The efficiency of in vitro propagation compared with conventional methods is discussed.     

藜蒿丛生芽诱导条件的筛选试验

利用正交试验设计方法探讨了6-BA、NAA、2,4-D和蔗糖对藜蒿丛生芽诱导的影响。试验结果表明,6-BA与蔗糖的浓度对藜蒿丛生芽诱导的影响最大,高浓度的2,4-D对于愈伤组织的诱导和增殖具有良好的促进作用,但对芽的分化有抑制作用。筛选出的藜蒿丛生芽诱导的最适培养基为MS 2.0mg/L6-BA 1.5mg/LNAA 蔗糖25g/L 0.7%琼脂,并获得移栽成活的植株。     

陕北红洋芋的茎尖脱毒和分化培养基筛选

应用不同激素配比的培养基对榆林市本土马铃薯品种陕北红洋芋进行茎尖的分化培养,以期获得脱毒试管苗。试验结果表明,最适合陕北红洋芋茎尖分化成苗的培养基配方为MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA3+0.05 mg/L 6-BA,成活率达97.4%,分化成苗率达42.1%。     

NAA、IBA对樱桃砧木(Prunus pseudocerasus Colt)插条的生理、生化代谢和生根的影响

 用NAA、IBA处理樱桃砧木嫩枝和无根组培苗, 测定了插条生根率、生根条数和生理、生化指标的动态变化。结果表明: 经处理后插穗的各项生根指标都得到了显著提高, 其中100 mg/L 浓度的NAA与IBA处理插穗生根率达到了88.3%和85% , 组织培养的试管苗瓶外生根率达89%和87.5%; 嫩枝插穗的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素、核酸物质的含量与对照组相比发生了显著的变化: 在不定根原基的诱导期, 插穗叶绿素、核酸、可溶性糖含量显著增加, 可溶性蛋白质含量下降; 在不定根的形成期,插穗的可溶性糖被不定根的形成所消耗而含量显著下降, 但可溶性蛋白质含量逐渐上升; 在不定根形成后插穗具有了吸收外界营养的能力, 故在不定根伸长期叶片中可溶性糖开始积累, 含量上升。这些物质含量的动态变化与插穗生根相关, 说明生长调节剂是通过调节插条内代谢物质的含量来促进插穗的生根。     

秋水仙素离体诱导同源四倍体青花菜

 以青花菜品种‘海兹’高频再生试管苗为外植体, 利用秋水仙素离体诱导四倍体。结果表明: 用含秋水仙素200 mg·L ^{- 1}的MS + 0.1 mg·L ^-1NAA + 6.0 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA液体培养基处理2 cm长的再生苗48 h, 每个外植体平均可产芽2.1个, 再生植株变异率为83.33% , 四倍体诱导率达79.17%。与二倍体相比, 四倍体植株叶片、花冠、气孔等均表现巨大性; 流式细胞仪倍性鉴定显示, 对照DNA相对含量为200, 四倍体再生植株为400。四倍体根尖染色体2n = 4x = 36。     

花叶姜离体再生体系的建立

以花叶姜茎块为外植体进行离体培养与植株再生研究。结果表明:花叶姜的启动培养基以改良MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L较适宜,继代增殖以改良MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L为宜,增殖系数可达3.8,生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L为适,生根率达96%,试管苗移栽成活率达97%以上。