2种新型杀虫剂对桃蚜的田间防效评价

为明确新型杀虫剂5%双丙环虫酯可分散液剂和17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂对桃蚜的田间防治效果，2019—2020年于山东省烟台市桃园开展了田间药效试验。结果表明，5%双丙环虫酯可分散液剂3 000～5 000倍液、17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂4 000～6 000倍液对桃蚜的防效优于对照药剂70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂12 000倍液。5%双丙环虫酯可分散液剂、17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂可作为防治桃蚜的高效药剂在生产中与常规药剂交替使用。     

4种杀虫剂对苹果蚜虫的田间防治效果

为筛选防治苹果蚜虫安全有效的杀虫剂,采用田间试验的方法,研究了21%噻虫嗪悬浮剂5 000倍液、5%啶虫脒乳油2 500倍液、5%吡虫啉可溶液剂2 000倍液和2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油2 000倍液4种杀虫剂对苹果蚜虫的田间防治药效。试验结果表明:4种药剂处理对苹果树蚜虫的防效均达70%以上,具有良好的防治效果,在试验用量下苹果树未出现药害和其它不良反应。     

几种药剂对柑橘木虱的防控效果

选取5种常见药剂对柑橘木虱进行田间药效试验,结果表明下列药剂对柑橘木虱的杀虫效果和保梢效果较好:9%阿维·唑虫酰胺悬浮剂2 500倍液、12%虫螨腈·唑虫酰胺悬浮剂3 000倍液,其次是26%螺虫乙酯·联苯菊酯悬浮剂4 000倍液和36%螺虫乙酯·噻嗪酮悬浮剂2 000倍液,联苯菊酯可以作为轮换药剂使用。     

不同低毒药剂防治萝卜甜菜夜蛾药效试验

为筛选可有效防治萝卜甜菜夜蛾的高效低毒药剂,选用60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂1 000倍液、100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌悬浮剂800倍液、10%虫螨腈悬浮剂1 000倍液、1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油1 000倍液等药剂进行了防效试验。结果表明:60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂1 000倍液、10%虫螨腈悬浮剂1 000倍液对甜菜夜蛾均有良好的防治效果,药后3、7 d乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈防效均达95%,与对照差异均达极显著,且安全性高,对作物生长无异常影响,对斜纹夜蛾还有兼治效果。乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈可以交替作为防治萝卜等蔬菜上甜菜夜蛾的药剂推广应用,施药间隔期为7~10 d。     

15种药剂对二斑叶螨防治效果研究

为筛选出防治二斑叶螨的有效药剂,以黄瓜为试验材料,采用苗期接虫及叶面喷雾的方法进行15种常用杀螨剂对二斑叶螨防治效果的研究。结果表明:药后1 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3 000倍液、73%克螨特乳油2000倍液、25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1000倍液的防治效果均达94%,显著优于其他药剂;药后3 d,25%单甲脒水剂1 000倍液的防治效果大幅提高,达95.62%,与43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3 000倍液、73%克螨特乳油2 000倍液、25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1 000倍液差异均不显著;药后7 d,200 g/L双甲脒乳油1 000倍液、50%苯丁锡可湿性粉剂2 000倍液、15%哒螨灵乳油2 000倍液、240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂2 000倍液防效也随之升高,均达92%,而50 g/L氟虫脲可分散性液剂1 000倍液、1.8%阿维菌素乳油1 000倍液、20%丁氟螨酯悬浮剂1 500倍液、45%毒死蜱乳油1 000倍液、5%噻螨酮乳油1 500倍液、240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂3 000倍液防治效果则表现较差;药后14 d,73%克螨特乳油2 000倍液、25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1 000倍液、25%单甲脒水剂1 000倍液、50%苯丁锡可湿性粉剂2 000倍液、240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂2 000倍液、43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3 000倍液均保持很好效果,都在96%以上,建议在田间交替使用43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3000倍液、73%克螨特乳油2000倍液和25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1000倍液来防治二斑叶螨。由于99%绿颖矿物油200倍液(防治效果为83.24%～91.18%)无毒无残留,对环境、产品安全,可推荐使用。     

保护地草莓白粉病田间药剂筛选试验

通过试验筛选出防治保护地草莓白粉病的理想药剂为30%翠泽悬浮剂1 500倍液、10%粉必克水剂1 000倍液、25%乙醚酚悬浮剂800倍液、50%翠贝水分散粒剂3 000倍液、75%十三吗啉乳油33 mL/667m2等,确定30%翠泽悬浮剂1 500倍液、10%粉必克水剂1 000倍液、25%乙醚酚悬浮剂800倍液3个种类杀菌剂为目前防治保护地草莓白粉病的首选药剂,建议以上各种药剂轮换使用,以延缓其抗性的产生,为果农更好地防治该病提供技术支持。     

不同药剂对柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验

为筛选防治柑桔锈壁虱的高效药剂,开展了3种新型药剂防治柑桔锈壁虱田间药效试验。结果表明,15%唑虫酰胺悬浮剂3 000～5 000倍液、500 g/L氟啶胺悬浮剂1 000～2 000倍液、5%阿维菌素·虱螨脲乳油4 000～6 000倍液对柑桔锈壁虱防治效果较好,药后1～28 d防效在96%以上,速效性好,持效期长。供试药剂防效与生产常用药剂1.8%阿维菌素乳油3 000倍液没有显著性差异。试验剂量范围内未发现柑桔药害及对天敌的不利影响,可在柑桔上推广应用。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对豇豆豆野螟的防效试验

为探索能有效控制豇豆豆野螟为害的防治药剂以及易于为农民应用掌握的防治方法,在豇豆始花期和盛花期各喷施1次20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂6 000倍液,5%阿维.杀铃脲悬浮剂2 000倍液,1.8%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍液,比较了3种新型杀虫剂对豆野螟的防治效果。研究结果表明,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂6 000倍液、5%阿维.杀铃脲悬浮剂2 000倍液对钻蛀性害虫豇豆豆野螟均有较好的防治效果,尤其是20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂6 000倍液,药后7～21d防效均在80%以上,显著优于其他药剂,持效期长且安全可靠,可在生产上大面积推广使用。     

几种药剂对柑橘潜叶蛾的防控效果

连续2年采用不同药剂对柑橘潜叶蛾进行田间药效试验,结果表明下列药剂对潜叶蛾的杀虫效果和保梢效果均较好:10%噻虫胺悬浮剂5 000倍、10%虫螨腈悬浮剂1 500倍、1.8%阿维菌素乳油2 000倍、20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂12 000倍、5%阿维菌素乳油5 555倍;其次有10%噻虫胺悬浮剂6 000倍、10%虫螨腈悬浮剂2 000倍、20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂14 000倍和16 000倍、5%阿维菌素乳油7 400倍和11 111倍。     

8种杀虫剂防治苹果园桃小食心虫试验

2009—2010年进行8种杀虫剂防治苹果园桃小食心虫田间药效试验。结果表明,拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂10%联苯菊酯乳油3 000倍液、25 g/L溴氰菊酯悬浮剂2 000倍液、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂3 000倍液、5%S-氰戊菊酯水乳剂3 000倍液,有机磷杀虫剂480 g/L毒死蜱乳油1 500倍液,拟除虫菊酯类与有机磷杀虫剂的复配剂20%高效氯氰菊酯.马拉硫磷乳油1 500倍液均对桃小食心虫具有较高的防效;35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂10 000倍液对桃小食心虫的防效也较高,但与常用杀虫剂的田间表现有较大的差异;2%阿维菌素微乳剂3 333倍液仅可作为田间桃小食心虫虫口基数较低时的兼治药剂,一般不推荐用于桃小食心虫的防治。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Multi-scale landscape and seascape patterns associated with marbled murrelet nesting areas on the U.S. west coast

Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations. The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores, submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation areas near productive marine habitat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Effect of trichosanthes injection on expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen of vascular smooth muscle cell in rabbit

AIM: To observe the effect of thichosanthes injection on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC). METHODS: The expression of PCNA of cultured rabbit aortic SMC was examined with LSAB immunohistochemical technique, and [³H]-thymidine( [³H]-TdR) incorporation data of SMC and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO), prostacyclin (PGI₂) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) in medium were simultaneously determined. RESULTS: Thichosanthes injection has an effects of increasing SOD activity, decreasing LPO, elevating PGI₂ and cAMP, reducing [³H]-TdR incorporation and expression of PCNA (all P＜0.05,P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Thichosanthes could inhibit SMC proliferation.     

Role of cyclic nucleotides in the acute hypoxic responses of hypoxic subcultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells

AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals.