灵芝多糖降血糖作用的研究

目的：研究灵芝多糖对四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠、去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠及正常小鼠血糖水平的影响。方法：制备四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠模型及去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠模型，给药2周后取血测定血糖水平。结果：灵芝多糖能明显降低四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠及去甲肾上腺索所致高血糖小鼠的血糖水平，其中高剂量组与模型对照组相比均有显著意义（P〈0．05），而对正常小鼠血糖水平影响较小，低、中、高剂量组与正常对照组相比均无显著意义（P〉0．05）。结论：灵芝多糖对四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠及去甲肾上腺素致高血糖小鼠具有明显降血糖作用，而对正常小鼠血糖水平影响较小。     

桦褐孔菌人工培养菌丝体、菌核与野生菌核多糖的降血糖比较试验研究

目的是探讨桦褐孔苗人工培养菌丝体、菌核与野生菌核多糖的降血糖作用。方法：采用四氧嘧啶（200mg／kg体重）腹腔注射复制小鼠高血糖模型。分别给予小鼠应用桦褐孔菌人工培养菌丝体、菌核与野生菌核多糖提取物按不同剂量灌胃，葡萄糖氧化酶法测定各组的血糖水平。结果：桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖提取物不同剂量组对四氧嘧啶型高血糖模型小鼠的血糖均有抑制作用，对正常小鼠无明显降血糖作用。桦褐孔菌人工培养菌丝体、菌核与野生菌核多糖三者的降血糖作用无显著性差异。结论：桦褐孔菌人工培养菌丝体、菌核与野生菌核多糖提取物对四氧嘧啶型高血糖模型小鼠均有降血糖作用。对正常小鼠无明显降血糖作用。     

黑木耳多糖对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用

目的：研究黑木耳多糖对正常小鼠及四氧嘧啶小鼠的降血糖作用。方法：黑木耳多糖灌胃30d，观察其对正常小鼠血糖的影响、对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。结果：黑木耳多糖对正常小鼠血糖有降低作用；糖尿病小鼠血糖显著降低。结论：黑木耳多糖具有显著降血糖作用。     

转化桑叶的毛头鬼伞子实体的降血糖作用

研究了转化桑叶的毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)子实体对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠体重、血糖、血清胰岛素、肝糖原、果糖胺、血脂代谢、体内氧化压力、肝脏中糖代谢酶活性等的影响.转化桑叶的鸡腿菇子实体提高了单一毛头鬼伞子实体或桑叶的降血糖作用,促进了胰岛素分泌,降低了体内氧化压力,提高了糖代谢的酶活性,但对血脂调节作用不显著.     

金耳发酵液对糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用的研究

研究表明，金耳发酵液对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠有降血糖作用，同模型对照组相比．大剂量组差异显著（P〈0.05）；同时，大剂量组对糖尿病小鼠摄食、饮水量的减少及体重的增加均有显著影响（P〈0.05）     

蜜环菌菌索多糖对小鼠血糖及急性毒性作用研究

本文研究了蜜环菌菌索多糖AMP - 1和AMP - 2组分对小鼠血糖及其急性毒性作用。结果表明 :AMP - 1能使正常小鼠的糖耐量增强 ;AMP - 1、AMP - 2均能抑制四氧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖升高 ;AMP - 2能显著降低四氧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖 ;AMP - 1、AMP - 2 (灌胃剂量为 10g/kg/d)对供试小鼠无毒性作用 ,内脏器官均正常无损     

粗毛黄褐孔菌多糖降血糖试验研究

通过研究粗毛黄褐孔菌多糖降血糖的作用,分别用不同剂量野生粗毛黄褐孔菌多糖,灌胃正常小鼠与四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠,结果显示,野生粗毛黄褐孔菌多糖对正常小鼠无明显影响,对糖尿病小鼠在给药21 d后,中剂量组和高剂量组与阴性对照组间差异极显著,与阳性对照组之间差异不显著;用野生粗毛黄褐孔菌与人工栽培、液体发酵菌丝体多糖相同剂量灌胃糖尿病小鼠21 d后,三者降血糖作用无显著差异,均能一定程度降低糖尿病小鼠血糖。     

金耳发酵液对正常家兔血糖及糖耐量的影响

家兔糖耐量试验表明 ,金耳发酵液可明显减缓血糖的上升 ,同对照组相比 ,大小剂量组差异显著(P <0 0 5 ) ,但对家兔正常空腹血糖无明显影响     

巴氏蘑菇多糖对糖尿病小鼠糖代谢调节机制

以糖尿病小鼠代谢指标和肌肉Glut4、PI3K、Akt1和Akt2基因表达为观测点,探讨巴氏蘑菇多糖(Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharides,ABMP)的降血糖作用。体重(30±2)g的健康雄性小鼠随机分为:正常对照组(NC组)、高血糖模型组(HM组)、低剂量组(LD组)、中剂量组(MD组)、高剂量组(HD组)、药物治疗组(DT组),每组8只。HM组、LD组、MD组、HD组和DT组腹腔注射2%四氧嘧啶3 d(200 mg·kg~(-1)体重),禁食12 h后,血糖值高于11 mmol·L~(-1)说明建模成功。NC组和HM组每天给予0.9%生理盐水,LD组、MD组、HD组每天分别给予50 mg/kg·体重、100 mg/kg·体重、200 mg/kg·体重的ABMP,DT组每天给予200 mg/kg·体重的阿卡波糖。每周测1次体重,7周后,检测血糖、胰岛素、肝糖原含量和肌肉组织中Glut4、PI3K、Akt1和Akt2基因的表达量。结果表明,与NC组相比,HM组空腹血糖升高,差异显著(P0.01),血清胰岛素和肝糖原水平明显降低(P0.01),肌肉中Glut4、PI3K、Akt1和Akt2基因的表达量下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与HM组相比,LD组、MD组、HD组和DT组空腹血糖值均下降,差异显著(P0.05),血清胰岛素和肝糖原含量均上升,差异达显著水平(P0.05);肌肉中Glut4、PI3K、Akt1和Akt2基因的表达量升高。ABMP能够调节糖尿病小鼠体内糖代谢,降低血糖。     

灰树花多糖胶囊免疫调节作用研究

实验结果表明,经口给予小鼠灰树花多糖胶囊30d,能提高小鼠的足跖肿胀度和抗体生成细胞数,对碳廓清吞噬指数和单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能无影响。表明灰树花多糖胶囊具有增强细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能的作用。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。