胶东卫矛再生体系的建立

通过对胶东卫矛不同外植体来源、不同激素种类以及激素配比的比较,初步建立了胶东卫矛组织培养及再生体系:胶东卫矛茎段愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS 6-BA0.5mg/L(毫克/升) IBA0.05mg/L(毫克/升),分化培养基为MS 6-BA0.5mg/L(毫克/升) IBA0.05mg/L(毫克/升),生根培养基为MS NAA0.4mg/L(毫克/升) IBA0.1mg/L(毫克/升);在此基础上进一步进行了抗生素敏感性实验,确定了胶东卫矛茎段转化的卡那霉素筛选浓度为50mg/L(毫克/升),羧苄青霉素浓度为200mg/L(毫克/升),为胶东卫矛的遗传转化奠定了基础.     

天然芸苔素和PDJ对葡萄果实品质及成熟期影响

京亚葡萄以早熟、丰产、粒大、抗性强等优点被广泛种植,但京亚葡萄着色早,一般采收时酸度偏高,影响了其商品价值.为降低葡萄的含酸量,提高其商品价值,本研究以京亚葡萄品种为试材,用不同浓度的天然芸苔素(简称BR,0.1 mg/L,0.5 mg/L,1.0 mg/L(毫克/升))和茉莉酸酯(简称PDJ,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100mg/L(毫克/升))以及二者的混合物(BR0.5 mg/L PDJ50 mg/L(毫克/升)),分别于花后20 d、30 d(天)及采收前20 d(天)进行全树喷布,结果表明,天然芸苔素具有提高葡萄浆果中可溶性固形物含量,降低含酸量的作用;不同浓度的PDJ处理中,50 mg/L(毫克/升)效果最好,糖酸比为22.5,对照为18.7.经PDJ处理后,花色苷含量明显增加,具有提早葡萄着色和成熟的作用,提早成熟5 d～6 d(天),对果实品质没有不良影响.二者混合应用,效果更好,既增加含糖量,降低含酸量,又可使果实提早成熟,因此具有一定的应用前景.     

五彩番茄试管内外快繁技术的研究

利用组织培养和茎段扦插的方法进行五彩番茄的试管内外的快繁.试管内试验所采用的培养基是MS培养基,附加的植物激素是IBA及6-BA,在6-BA浓度一定的情况下,不同浓度的IBA对五彩番茄茎尖生长势影响不同,以1.0 mg/L(毫克/升)的浓度的效果最好,0.1 mg/L(毫克/升)的浓度的效果次之,以2.0 mg/L(毫克/升)的浓度的效果最差,在入土移栽几种基质中,以蛭石:草炭=2:1时成活率最高.试管外快繁试验是在处理时间一致的前提下,通过不同浓度IBA刺激茎段基部,并将其扦插入蛭石中,以IBA浓度为20 mg/kg(毫克/公斤)处理的植株成活率最高,生根最好.     

蝴蝶兰组织培养快繁技术研究

本试验对蝴蝶兰组织培养不同阶段的适用培养基和激素配比水平进行了筛选,结果表明:在蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽诱导中,选用花宝(N-P-K:6.5-6-19)2.5 g/L(克/升)为基础培养基,添加BA3.0 mg/L(毫克/升)有利于对花梗腋芽诱导;原球茎增殖培养以较低的无机盐浓度为好,采用1.0g/L(克/升)花宝为基础培养基,添加2.0 mg/L(毫克/升)的6-BA和0.5 mg/L(毫克/升)的NAA,原球茎的增殖系数2个月内能达5倍以上,是最佳的原球茎增殖组合;以2.7 g/L(克/升)的花多多1号(N-P-K:20-20-20)为基础培养基,添加0.1 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L(毫克/升)NAA,植株生根率高,根数多,生根长,是较为理想的生根培养基.     

化学药剂对月季切花保鲜及某些生理作用的影响

研究了不同浓度的(50、100、200)mg/L(毫克/升)PP333、(50、100、200)mg/L(毫克/升)B9、25 mg/L(毫克/升)AgNO3和0.1%HgCl2等化学药剂对月季切花瓶插寿命、最大花径、相对电导率、可溶性蛋白含量、花青素含量等生理指标的影响.结果表明:B9和PP333不同浓度处理中以100mg/L(毫克/升)浓度保鲜效果最佳.100mg/L(毫克/升)B9,又比相同浓度的PP333保鲜效果更好.而25 mg/L(毫克/升)AgNO3和0.1%HgCl2相比,又以25 mg/L(毫克/升)AgNO3保鲜效果好一些.上述化学试剂与对照相比较,能有效延长月季切花瓶插寿命1 d～3 d(天),并明显改善观赏品质.     

唐菖蒲鲜切花保鲜剂的研究

对唐菖蒲(Gladiodusgandavensis)切花保鲜剂及其浓度进行筛选试验,从处理后瓶插寿命、水分平衡值、鲜重变化及观赏值等指标综合考虑,700 mg/L(毫克/升)的柠檬酸、250 mg/L(毫克/升)的硫酸铝和500 mg/L(毫克/升)的8-HQ(8-羟基喹啉)有最佳的处理效果.硝酸银溶液使切花花茎基部褐化,不宜作唐菖蒲切花保鲜剂.     

彩色马蹄莲组织快繁技术的研究

以黄花马蹄莲(Z.elliotiana)和红花马蹄莲(Z.rehmannii)为试材,取不同部位进行培养,试验结果表明,MS为基本培养基,用沙和蛭石预培养有利于减少初代培养中的污染率,1%的HgCl2中常规灭菌以10 min(分钟)为宜.培养基中加入6BA2.0 mg/L(毫克/升) NAA0.5 mg/L(毫克/升)时,有利于茎芽发生丛生芽和愈伤组织.培养基中加入:IDA-Na0.2 mg/L(毫克/升)有利于无茵苗生根.移栽基质以蛭石生根效果最好.     

彩色马蹄莲组培快繁技术的研究

以黄花马蹄莲 (Z .elliotiana)和红花马蹄莲 (Z .rehmannii)为试材 ,取不同部位进行培养 ,试验结果表明 ,MS为基本培养基 ,用沙和蛭石预培养有利于减少初代培养中的污染率 ,1%的HgCl2 中常规灭菌以10min(分钟 )为宜。培养基中加入 6BA2 .0mg/L(毫克 /升 ) NAA0 .5mg/L(毫克 /升 )时 ,有利于茎芽发生丛生芽和愈伤组织。培养基中加入IBA -Na0 .2mg/L(毫克 /升 )有利于无菌苗生根。移栽基质以蛭石生根效果最好。     

不结球白菜"苏州青"下胚轴、子叶高频再生技术研究

本试验以"苏州青"种子的无茵苗子叶、下胚轴为外植体,在MS培养基中添加不同浓度、不同配比的6-BA、NAA,获得了有分化能力的愈伤组织和正常的再生植株.探讨了激素种类与配比对不定芽分化的影响;不同叶龄的子叶、下胚轴培养与不定芽分化的关系;抗生素种类对茎尖生长及分化的影响.结果表明:对子叶诱导培养时,以MS BA4.0 mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L(毫克/升)效果最好,对胚轴诱导培养时以MS BA2.0 mg/L(毫克/升)效果最好;叶龄为5 d～9 d(天)的子叶、胚轴最易分化;3种抗生素对茎尖生长及分化的影响有较大差异,抑制作用由强到弱为Kan＞Cab＞Cef,Kan的选择压为10 mg/L～20 mg/L(毫克/升).而Cab、Cef即使浓度达800 mg/L(毫克/升)还能生长和分化.     

不同外植体对香石竹试管培养中芽形成的影响

用组织培养的方法,对香石竹茎尖、茎段、叶片进行培养,结果表明:茎尖、茎段、叶片在离体培养中,外植体大小、部位、取材时间直接影响香石竹组织培养中芽的分化.茎段培养中,以中上部茎段芽分化效果最佳.在MS培养基中添加BA0.05 mg/L～0.5 mg/L(毫克/升),KT0.1 mg/L～1 mg/L(毫克/升)可显著提高芽的诱导率,BA1 mg/L(毫克/升)与NAA0.1 mg/L(毫克/升)配合使用芽分化率最高,可达100%.茎尖诱导中培养基中添加BA0.01 mg/L～0.5 mg/L(毫克/升)可增加芽分化率,以BA0.5 mg(毫克)和KT1 mg/L(毫克/升)最优,芽分化率分别为80%、76%,而叶片培养中芽诱导率较低.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量