榆林设施礼品西瓜新品种比较试验

为了筛选出适应榆林设施栽培的礼品西瓜新品种,通过对新引进的23个西瓜新品种生育期的各项指标进行测定比较。结果表明:椭圆形瓜组以‘早春红玉’、‘安琪儿’、‘美秀’综合表现较好;圆形瓜组以‘黄小福’、‘京欣3号’、‘宝凤’综合表现较好,可作为比较理想的品种在榆林地区大面积种植推广。     

适宜河南种植的西瓜新品种筛选试验

为了选择适合河南地区种植的西瓜新品种,借助第三届全国西甜瓜之乡产业联盟大会在河南召开之际,在开封市通许县示范点引进30个西瓜新品种进行筛选试验。结果表明,供试品种‘东方红306’‘津巨龙二号’‘巨丰’‘凯旋’‘花冠’‘红冠龙’‘黑凤’‘圣达尔’等产量较高,‘陇丰早欣’‘农科大5号’‘东方红306’‘花冠’等品种品质较优,从高产、优质、抗病综合评价结果来看,推荐‘东方红306’‘花冠’2个品种在河南地区小面积推广种植。     

威宁县河谷地区引进辣椒新品种比较试验与示范

为了配合贵州省威宁县农业产业结构的调整,筛选适合威宁县河谷地区生态条件的辣椒品种,以当地自留辣椒品种为对照,对引进的6个新品种进行产量、抗病性、抗逆性、单株结果数、开展度等经济性状进行小区试验与大面积示范比较种植。结果表明,6个引进的新品种中,‘韩国华辣8号’、‘黔椒4号’、‘辣丰5号’品种在试验区和示范区的丰产性、抗逆性、抗病性、适应性和经济性等综合表现较好,可在威宁县河谷地区或同等气候条件区大面积推广种植。     

不同松花菜品种引进对比试验

引进4个松花菜新品种与当地主栽品种‘富贵100天’进行品种比较试验,对5个松花菜品种生育进程、植物学特征、产量效益等进行对比。结果表明:新品种‘浙松一代90天’与对照相当,产量为2 163 kg/667 m2,花球质量好、经济效益好,适合当地推广种植;其他3个新品种花球质量、产量都比对照差;‘浙松一代90天’可作为当地中熟品种推广种植。     

嘉峪关市日光温室辣椒新品种引进比较试验

为筛选出丰产、抗病、商品性好适合嘉峪关越冬栽培的辣椒新品种,本试验引进了‘华美105’‘绿旋风6号’等5个品种,以当地主栽‘陇椒5号’为对照,在日光温室条件下,对引进嘉峪关市的5个辣椒品种开展了对比试验。结果表明,各参试品种适应性、丰产性均优于本地现栽品种‘陇椒5号’。其中,‘华美105’长势强、抗病性强、产量最高,每1 hm²产量56322.22 kg,综合表现最优;‘陇椒13’口感好、抗病性强、产量较高,每1 hm²产量为51322.22 kg,综合性状仅次于‘华美105’,两个品种符合当地消费习惯,可推广种植。     

适宜新疆吐鲁番地区日光温室栽培的优良小果型西瓜品种筛选试验

为丰富吐鲁番地区小果型西瓜的品种类型,满足吐鲁番地区日光温室小果型西瓜产业化的需求,从湖南雪峰种业有限责任公司引进‘雪峰小玉9号’、‘雪峰小玉7’号等7个不同类型的小果型西瓜品种为试验材料,采用随机区组排列,以‘雪峰黄小玉’为对照,在日光温室中进行品种比较试验。结果表明,‘雪峰小玉9号’、‘雪峰小玉7号’、‘雪峰金福’、‘雪峰小玉5号’等品种在品质、丰产性、坐果性、适应性等方面表现优秀,适宜在吐鲁番地区日光温室条件下裁培。     

北京地区小果型西瓜春季大棚栽培品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜北京地区种植的小果型西瓜品种,针对北京地区春大棚小果型西瓜种植现状,对‘传奇’、‘传奇4号’、‘超越梦想’、‘梦想2号’、‘梦想4号’和‘梦想6号’6个小果型西瓜品种进行比较试验。结果表明：6个品种的抗病性和抗逆性均表现良好。‘超越梦想’和‘传奇4号’综合性状表现良好,适宜在北京地区春大棚设施类型种植推广。其中‘超越梦想’属于中晚熟脆肉类型品种,中心可溶性固形物含量最高（12.6%）,果皮硬度最高（42.3 kg·cm-2）,单果质量、小区产量均居第2位;‘传奇4号’属于早熟细肉类型品种,单果质量2.32 kg、小区产量208.8 kg最高,中心可溶性固形物含量居第2位。其次是‘传奇’,该品种属中晚熟脆肉类型品种,品质性状突出,瓤质细脆,汁液含量最多,味甜爽口。其余品种虽各具特色,但因果实生育期偏长,耐裂性差,中心可溶性固形物含量低等原因,不太适宜北京地区春大棚种植。     

抗旱加工专用型马铃薯品种的引进筛选

为筛选出适宜西北旱作区种植的优质抗旱加工专用型马铃薯新品种，以‘陇薯6号’为对照（CK），对国内外引进的11份马铃薯新品种（系）的物候期、植株性状、块茎性状、抗病性、丰产性、抗旱性及品质等指标进行分析。两年试验结果分析表明：参试品种（系）均属于中晚熟。品种（系）‘14W-3’‘陇薯23号’‘天薯17号’‘天薯18号’和‘DSS-21’的抗病性较强；‘14W-3’‘陇薯23号’‘天薯18号’‘DSS-21’和‘京张薯1号’抗旱性较强；‘陇薯23号’和‘DSS-21’口感优，属于鲜食型品种；‘陇薯23号’和‘天薯18号’属于低还原糖型品种，品系‘DSS-21’属于淀粉加工型品种。综合评价分析，品种（系）‘陇薯23号’‘天薯18号’‘DSS-21’性状突出，可作为马铃薯新品种选育的亲本材料，在西北旱作区域大面积示范推广。     

河南地区中、小果型西瓜品种比较试验

为了筛选出适合河南地区种植的优良西瓜品种,笔者调查了参试西瓜品种在嫁接成活率、生长势、抗性、果实成熟期、果实形态、产量及果实品质性状等方面的差异。结果显示,小果型西瓜品种‘小玲’‘众天玉’‘早春翠玉’和中果型西瓜品种‘黑美人’综合性状表现突出,品质优,可在河南地区大面积推广种植。中果型西瓜品种‘金美人’‘早春黄冠’‘惠玲’‘丽玲’‘早春艳玉’5个品种和小果型西瓜品种‘众天红’和‘朝霞’2个西瓜品种综合性状较好,生产上具有推广前景。‘宝凤’嫁接成活率较高、瓜皮较薄,但品质一般。     

设施黄瓜新品种引种筛选试验

针对当前设施黄瓜品种普遍存在生育期、产量及抗病性等农艺性状良莠不齐的问题,对引进的11个黄瓜新品种进行引种筛选试验,以期筛选出综合性状优良的品种。结果表明：‘富阳5号’和‘早丰56’的综合性状最佳,‘宝丰’、‘奥运之星’较好,均可作为当地塑料大棚栽培的黄瓜优良品种来推广种植,可取得良好的经济效益。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.