柱状田头菇的栽培生理及生活史研究概述

柱状田头菇既有很高的商品价值,又有很重要的理论研究价值。本文综述了柱状田头菇栽培研究的历史和现状,以及柱状田头菇生活史和单核体结实方面的研究结果和进展。     

柱状田头菇基质配方的研究

柱状田头菇营养丰富,味道鲜美,深受人们欢迎。目前,我国已开展了柱状田头菇栽培技术的研究,但对其营养条件的研究尚不多见。为此,我们进行了不同营养基质对柱状田头菇生长影响的研究,现报道如下。     

柱状田头菇黑色素的分离、鉴定及其稳定性和抗氧化活性

为了解柱状田头菇(Agrocybe aegerita)子实体色素类别和性能,对柱状田头菇子实体中色素进行了提取、纯化和鉴定并对其稳定性和抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明:柱状田头菇色素易溶于碱性溶液,微溶于水,不溶于有机溶剂;紫外光区212nm处有最大吸收峰,傅利叶红外光谱图与酪氨酸合成黑色素相似,初步鉴定柱状田头菇色素属于3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸类黑色素;pH11~14,20~100℃范围内,黑暗条件下柱状田头菇黑色素稳定性较好,在自然光条件下稳定性最差,其次是紫外光;柱状田头菇黑色素具有一定的还原能力、DPPH·清除能力及Fe2+螯合能力。     

柱状田头菇深层发酵物的化学成分分析及多糖发酵的研究

柱状田头菇营养丰富,味香可口,多糖含量高,是一种极具开发前途的食、药用真菌.关于柱状田头菇的深层发酵研究,国内外尚未见报道.我们在研究了柱状田头菇菌丝体生理特性的基础上,又对其化学成分、多糖的发酵条件进行了分析和研究,以期为探讨柱状田头菇深层发酵产物的营养价值及药理作用和多糖的工业化生产提供理论依据.1 材料与方法1.1 供试材料     

杨柳田头菇与柱状田头菇子实体不同发育期形态比较

一杨柳田头菇 失菇品种比较试验 主长的田头菇，其 伏明显不同一于柱状 与昆明植物研究所 为HI1头菇属的一新 lx' .}rrlu}}rr}r}drr}. L_. ‘杨柳菌、 昔都是夏季生于杨 }i十`I部分。柱状l日 }Fr渐变淡揭色至 Li.渐变黄白色. }/J柳l田头菇菌}inn.和 日头菇鲜味和香味 誉味浓郁、纯正 辱味接近云南著名 .},fJ和松茸，为食用 k,功，l!前我们i1- 开究和优良}f生菌 }F究ll--发中心杨柳田头菇与柱状田头菇子实体不同发育期形态比较@刘学系~~…     

中日两种柱状田头菇的比较研究

柱状田头菇Agrocybe cylindracea,在日本称柳松茸,因常发生在柳树杆上,又具有松茸的特殊香味,故而得名。笔者曾对中国柱状田头菇作过人工驯化及栽培技术研究。1992年有幸作为共同研究员赴日本云岛县富永菌类研究所工作。在此期间作了中、日两种柱状田头菇的专题比较试验。下面介绍研究的部份内容和结果。     

不同柱状田头菇菌株最佳培养条件及亲缘关系的研究

以不同来源的柱状田头菇(Agrocybe aegerita)为研究对象,就不同的碳氮比、pH值以及培养温度对菌丝生长速度和结实性的影响进行了比较研究,并从同工酶角度分析比较了各菌株的亲缘关系。研究结果表明,不同来源的柱状田头菇所要求的最佳培养条件不尽相同。一般情况下,菌丝在碳氮比为10:1～80:1时均可生长,碳氮比为10:1时,菌丝生长最快,且易结实;柱状田头菇可生长并结实的pH值为4～12,最适宜结实的pH值为6;25℃时柱状田头菇菌丝生长速度最快,而20～25℃比较适合其结实。同工酶分析表明,柱状田头菇菌丝中过氧化物同工酶活性不高,酶带单调,不适宜用做检测遗传多样性的生化标记;酯酶同工酶有一定的活性,可以从相似系数上分析不同菌株的亲缘关系。     

柱状田头菇菌丝营养特性研究

为提高生产中菌袋制作成品率，对柱状田头菇菌丝体的营养特性进行研究，发现柱状田头菇最适宜碳源为红糖，最适宜氮源为蛋白胨，pH值适应范围较广，但以pH5．5—7．5生长最好，菌丝生长最适宜温度为25℃。     

添加物对柱状田头菇生长势和产量的影响

柱状田头菇(Agrocybe cyvindracea)是一食用菌新品种.本试验以阔叶树木屑为主料,以食用菌生产中常用的五种辅料为添加物,研究添加物、添加量对柱状田头菇生长和产量的影响,并进行添加物成本与产值的核算.从而确定生产中经济可行的最佳添加物及最适添加量.     

柱状田头菇菌丝体生理特性的研究

柱状田头菇(Agrocybe cylindracea)属于担子菌纲,伞菌目,粪伞科,田头菇属,菌肉肥厚,柄松脆,味香甜,营养丰富,子实体中各氨基酸组成和含量都接近或超过香菇,所含的多糖具有较强的抗肿瘤作用。因此,是一个极具开发价值的食用菌。柱状田头菇的固体栽培一般需1～2个月,鲜子实体可贮性差。相比之下,深层培养就有较大的优越性,它既可作为液体菌种,加快生产周期,又能在数天之内生产出大量的菌丝体,产量高,成本低。目前国内在这方面尚未见有深入的研究报道。笔者对柱状田头菇深层培养条件等进行了研究,现将试验结果报告如下:     

盐胁迫对几种叶菜生理生化指标的影响

以油菜、生菜、茼蒿的种子为试材,采用室内营养液栽培的方法,分别研究了0、40、80、120 mmol/L NaCl、KCl胁迫下对其生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:在NaCl、KCl胁迫下,随处理浓度的增加,油菜的SOD活性是先升后降,生菜与茼蒿的SOD活性均呈先降后升;POD活性茼蒿是先升后降,油菜与生菜均呈先降后升;MDA活性油菜呈先升后降,生菜呈先降后升.     

Fibrinolytic activity and its mechanisms in various leukemic cell lines

AIM:To study the relation between expression of uPAR and annexinⅡ and fibrinolytic activity in various leukemic cell lines. METHODS:The plasma activity was measured under the reaction between cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji and plaminogen by chromogenic assay. The protein expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji were detected by flow cytometry method. The mRNA expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:The plasma activity in SHI-1 cells and NB4 cells were higher obviously than that in Raji, K562 and Jurkat cells. The protein expression ratio of uPAR and annexinⅡ in NB4 cells were (13.15±1.61)% and (95.97±1.19)%， respectively, they were (99.00±0.26)%, (90.35±2.15)% respectively in SHI-1 cells, and they were lower in K562, Jurkat, Raji cells. The expression of annexinⅡ mRNA in NB4 cells was higher than that in SHI-1 cells, and they were undectectable in K562 and Jurkat cells. The expression of uPAR mRNA in NB4 and SHI-1 cells were higher than that in Jurkat and K562 cells. The expression of uPAR mRNA in Raji cells was undectectable. CONCLUSION:The primary hyperfibrinolysis in leucocythemia cells was observed, and relation was closely with the expression of annexinⅡ. It might be the main reason for bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia.     

卫河四标段植物应用调查与评析

在景观营造中,科学地选择园林植物并对其进行合理的配置是直接影响工程质量和景观效果的主要因素。为了解河南新乡卫河绿化后的景观效果,对卫河四标段进行了实地调查和分析。结果表明:四标段现有乔灌木及地被种类26科39属51种,其中常绿种类21种,占41.18%;落叶种类为30种,占58.82%。树种结构因子中乔灌比为0.74,常绿比为0.42,树木密度为10.97m2/株;乔木密度25.81m2/株、灌木密度19.07m2/株。群落结构以乔灌草为主,其次是乔草和灌草。     

大樱桃露地栽培管理措施

大樱桃成熟期早、酸甜适口、营养丰富,深受消费者青睐。迁安市大樱桃栽培发展较快,但大樱桃对立地条件要求较高,极性生长强且顶端优势明显,加之果农疏于管理,导致大樱桃树冠徒长、难以如期开花结果。鉴于大樱桃怕旱、怕涝、怕风、怕黏、怕盐、怕碱,极性生长强,顶端优势明显,以及树体高大难以开花结果等特点,本文从大樱桃露地栽培园地的选择、规划整地、品种和苗木的选择、苗木的栽植、整形修剪、肥水管理、花期管理和病虫害防治等方面分析了大樱桃露地栽培技术,以期提高大樱桃种植的产量、质量和经济效益。     

有机废料生态肥还田对温室土壤环境质量及番茄品质和效益的影响

为了解决张掖地区温室蔬菜因长期施用化肥而品质下降的问题,在连续8年种植蔬菜的温室内进行有机废料生态肥还田对土壤环境质量及番茄品质和效益影响的研究.结果表明:随着有机废料生态肥施用量的增加,番茄产量在递增,而每千克肥料增产量和肥料投资效率在递减.有机废料生态肥施肥量为50.00 t/h m2时,施肥利润达到最大值;有机废...     

Mechanism of mesenteric lymph duct ligation against the renal insufficiency in hemorrhagic shock rats

AIM: To observe the effect of mesenteric lymph duct ligation on free radical and inflammatory mediator in serious hemorrhagic shock rats at different periods, and explore the mechanism of intestinal lymphatic pathway on renal insufficiency. METHODS: 78 male Wistar rats were divided into the sham group, shock group, and ligation group. The model of serious hemorrhagic shock was established in shock group, ligation group, and mesenteric lymph was blocked by ligating mesenteric lymph duct in ligation group after resuscitating. All rats were executed and kidneys were taken out for making homogenate of 10 percent to determine levels of MDA, SOD, NO, NOS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) at time points after shock 90 min, after transfusion and resuscitate 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in kindey was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The contents of MDA, NO, NOS, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO and iNOS expressions in renal homogenate of shock group were increased after transfusion and resuscitation, and were higher at 6 h and 12 h, and was significantly higher than that in sham group. The acvitity of SOD was significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The contents of MDA, NO, NOS, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO and iNOS expression in renal homogenate of ligation group after transfusion and resuscitation 6 h, 12 h and 24 h were significantly lower than those in shock group at same points, and the SOD activity was higher (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the ligation of mesenteric lymph duct can antagonise the development of renal failure in serious hemorrhagic shock rats, and its mechanism might relate to reduce the PMN sequestration, decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, inhibit NO production and expression of iNOS mRNA, suppress the release of free radical and consumption of SOD.     

‘赤霞珠’‘梅鹿辄’和‘品丽珠’不同营养系果实与葡萄酒挥发性香气成分分析

【目的】为发挥酿酒品种‘赤霞珠’‘梅露辄’和‘品丽珠’不同营养系的优点,筛选香气优良的营养系。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术分析了3个品种共11个营养系成熟果实和葡萄酒中挥发性香气成分。【结果】果实、葡萄酒中香气成分种类分别在64~99种、105~121种,相应的果实与葡萄酒共有成分在60~88种,分为中短链脂肪酸、乙醇酯、醇类、乙酸酯、醛类、单萜和降异戊二烯类、其他7类。除‘赤霞珠’685醇类、191醛类,其余营养系葡萄酒中每类香气浓度均高于果实。果实和葡萄酒中超过阈值的香气成分分别有5种和15种,但不同品种或同一品种不同营养系同一香气气味活性值(OAV值)不同,从而导致其香气特征的差异。‘赤霞珠’685、169和‘梅鹿辄’348果实中苯乙醛、β-大马士酮OAV值高于其他营养系,与花香、甜香味OAV值最大一致;170果实中2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪(IBMP)OAV值显著高于191,与其植物味OAV值最高一致,且TDNOAV值最高,与其化学味OAV值最高一致。‘品丽珠’c214果实中IBMP>327>409,赋予c214植物味OAV值>327>409,3个营养系中苯乙醛、β-大马士酮OAV值趋势与焦糖味、花香味一致。与其他营养系相比,‘赤霞珠’170、338葡萄酒中较高的己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、苯乙醛和β-大马士酮赋予酒较高的水果味、花香味;‘梅鹿辄’181葡萄酒中较高的辛酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯赋予酒较高的水果味、花香味;‘品丽珠’c214中己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯OAV值最高,与酒水果味OAV值最高一致,327中IBMP和癸醛OAV值较高,赋予酒植物味高于c214。【结论】根据果实香气特征,‘赤霞珠’685、169、‘品丽珠’327和‘梅鹿辄’348相对较好,根据葡萄酒香气特征‘赤霞珠’338、170、‘梅鹿辄’181和‘品丽珠’409较好。根据其香气特点及市场需要,可进行营养系筛选或酿造工艺改良。     

低温胁迫对3个红掌品种叶片形态和生理特性的影响

 以‘阿拉巴马’、‘大哥大’和‘粉冠军’3个红掌品种为试材,研究了低温胁迫对其叶片形态、叶片相对电导率（REC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。结果表明：6 ℃低温胁迫48 h后,‘阿拉巴马’新叶颜色稍有变红,基本没有冷害症状;‘粉冠军’冷害表现最重,温度回升后叶片大量枯死,导致整株死亡;‘大哥大’冷害表现居中,新叶萎蔫。在低温胁迫下,‘阿拉巴马’电解质渗透率缓慢升高,MDA含量增加,CAT、POD和SOD活性均较高,且CAT活性持续上升,POD活性先下降后上升并趋于稳定,SOD活性较稳定,随着CAT活性的增强和POD、SOD酶活性的稳定,在低温胁迫36 h后,电解质渗透率和MDA含量开始下降;而‘大哥大’和‘粉冠军’在低温胁迫12 h后电解质渗透率和MDA含量明显增加,SOD活性开始下降,低温胁迫24 h后CAT活性开始下降,POD活性急剧上升。从形态和生理指标综合来说,3个品种的抗寒性以‘阿拉巴马’最强,‘大哥大’次之,‘粉冠军’最差。     

Brassinolides have a small effect on vegetative growth,and increase reproductive growth of pistachio trees Cv. Owhadi

The effects of different applications of 24-epi-brassinolideon the physiology and yield of ‘Owhadi’ pistachio trees was investigated in Iran over an off and on year. Plants were treated by 24-epi-brassinolide at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1mgl^?1at green tip and tight cluster of bud stage. Brassinolide decreased the incidence nut physiological disorders and increased yield. The sprays decreased the incidence of inflorescence bud abscission, fruit abscission, misshapen nuts, blank, early splitting and indehisced shell compared with the controls. In both on and off years, the effect of brassinolide was dependent on the time of application and concentration used. Application of this compound, especially at tight cluster stage of buds, increased indehisced shell and yield in both on and off years. Brassinolides appear to play a key role in the growth and development of pistachio.     

施肥对保护地番茄果实品质及其产量的影响

采用二裂式区组设计的方法,以番茄为供试作物,以沼肥（沼液、沼渣）、猪粪和化肥为肥料,研究了不同施肥措施对番茄果实品质及其产量的影响.结果表明：与施用化肥相比,施用沼液番茄果实硝酸盐及Vc含量降低,总糖、总酸含量提高,糖/酸比均较适宜,番茄产量略有降低;与施用猪粪相比,施用沼渣降低了番茄果实硝酸盐及总酸含量,提高了Vc及总糖含量,糖/酸比值增大,番茄产量提高20.8%;与沼渣和化肥配合施用相比,沼渣与沼液配合施用改善了番茄果实的品质,其番茄果实硝酸盐含量降低,Vc、总糖、总酸含量和糖/酸比值均提高,而且番茄产量增加;和猪粪与沼液配合施用相比,猪粪与化肥配合施用番茄果实硝酸盐、Vc、总糖、总酸含量和糖/酸比值均提高,番茄产量增加.