沼液对辣椒病害的防治效果及其产量的影响

为了探讨沼液对辣椒主要病害的控制效应及产量的影响,使用沼液与农家肥液进行了田间对比试验.结果表明:沼液灌根与清粪水灌根相比较,能使辣椒增产29.75%,极显著降低辣椒炭疽病、白斑病、黑斑病和青枯病的发生;沼液灌根+叶面喷施对辣椒炭疽病、白斑病、黑斑病的防效和增产效果优于沼液灌根处理,与清粪水灌根相比增产幅度达58.22...     

EM微生物菌剂不同施用方法对大棚辣椒产量和品质的影响

研究了EM微生物菌剂不同施用方法对大棚辣椒产量、营养品质和安全品质的影响。研究结果表明,EM微生物菌剂不同施用方法对辣椒生长与结果的影响效果差异显著,以EM微生物菌剂发酵处理有机肥的施用方法增产效果最显著,辣椒VC、氨基酸含量明显提高,硝酸盐含量降低,分别比EM微生物菌剂土壤灌施、叶面喷施和不施用EM微生物菌剂增产19.44%、44.05%和71.14%;其次是EM微生物菌剂土壤灌施,分别比叶面喷施和不施用EM微生物菌剂增产9.07%和20.60%;叶面喷施效果不明显。     

微生物菌肥对大棚辣椒生长及产量的影响

摘要：为研究微生物菌肥在辣椒上的应用效果，在大棚辣椒育苗期至生长期施用3种不同微生物菌 剂，研究其对辣椒生长势、产量、品质、抗病性等指标的影响。结果表明：微生物菌肥处理（苗期施用 根际益生生根菌50 g/盘，幼苗出圃前至采收期使用根际益生菌II号1 000～1 200倍液喷雾9次，缓苗期至采 收期每667 m2 每次使用根际益生菌IIII号60 g，随灌溉水灌根10次）可提高辣椒生长势，增强抗病性；与对 照相比，微生物菌肥处理的辣椒开花、结果较早，采收期延长了10 d，单果质量、667 m2 产量和效益及果 实还原性糖含量分别提高16.4%、10.6%、35.37%、57.7%，且均达显著差异水平。     

不同乙酰度壳寡糖对马家柚幼苗光合特性及根系的影响

为了探讨施用壳寡糖对马家柚幼苗的作用，以盆栽马家柚为材料，研究了不同乙酰度(10%、50%、90%)壳寡糖(聚合度为2～10)不同浓度(5、20和50 mg/L)叶面喷施对马家柚幼苗光合特性、幼苗根系生长的影响。结果表明，与对照(蒸馏水)相比，3种乙酰度壳寡糖一定浓度处理对马家柚幼苗的叶绿素a和叶面积有显著的促进作用；10%乙酰度壳寡糖20 mg/L处理使马家柚幼苗光合速率和水分利用率分别提高19.73%和68.15%;3种乙酰度壳寡糖多数浓度处理可显著提高马家柚幼苗的表观电子传递效率，而对实际光化学电子产量和光化学淬灭没有显著影响；10%乙酰度壳寡糖50 mg/L处理显著增加了马家柚实生幼苗的根长、根表面积和根干质量，对根系生长具有明显的促进作用。10%乙酰度壳寡糖一定浓度叶面喷施能提高马家柚幼苗的光合速率，促进叶片和根系生长。     

不同施硼法对黔西线椒和大方皱椒产量的影响

以黔西线椒和大方皱椒为材料,以不施硼肥作对照,采用硼肥基施、浸根、在苗期和开花期喷洒3种施用方式为处理,研究不同浓度和不同方法施用硼肥对辣椒产量的影响。研究结果表明,在3种不同的施用方式下,以在苗期和开花期叶面喷施硼肥溶液的增产效果最显著,以硼砂液浸根次之,施用硼肥作基肥处理最差;不同浓度处理下,硼砂作基肥以1 kg/667 m2的效果最佳,且随着浓度的降低,产量呈现降低趋势,在苗期和开花期喷洒硼肥的,以浓度为0.1%的效果最佳,且随着浓度升高,产量呈现降低趋势。     

生物菌剂对西瓜生长发育及产量的相关性研究

以"绿都菌剂1号"为试材,设基质处理、灌根、叶面喷施3种施肥方法,研究了生物菌剂对西瓜生长及产量的影响。结果表明:基质处理后,基质的速效氮、磷、钾含量明显高于定植前基质速效氮、磷、钾含量,采用灌根施肥,植株的茎粗、株高、叶片数、叶绿素含量均高于基质处理和叶面喷施,叶面喷施单果重、可溶性固形物明显高于基质处理和灌根,且果实的纵横径高于基质处理和灌根。采用3种施肥方法,植株地上部分、地下部分干鲜重差异显著,叶面喷施单株产量、小区产量、折合667m2产量均高于基质处理和灌根,单株产量比基质处理和灌根产量增幅15.1%、10.3%,小区产量比基质处理和灌根产量增幅15.1%、9.4%,折合667m2产量增幅15.8%、10.35%。从肥效试验结果来看,该生物菌剂在实际生产中值得推广,但今后还需继续进一步进行试验示范,以为农业生产上大面积应用提供可靠依据。     

噻虫嗪2种施药方式对苹果黄蚜的药效评价

研究了在灌根和喷雾2种施药方式下,不同浓度的25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂对苹果黄蚜的防治效果。结果表明,喷雾处理对苹果黄蚜的速效性较好,25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂6 000、3 000倍液分别在喷雾后3～7天、3～10天将虫口量控制在经济阈值以下;灌根处理对苹果黄蚜的速效性较差,25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂500倍液灌根处理药效最好,在灌根处理后7～30天将虫口量始终控制在经济阈值之下,25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂3 000倍液在灌根处理后14～21天将虫口量始终控制在经济阈值以下;25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂3 000倍液灌根、喷雾处理的持效期基本相同;综合分析认为,用25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂防治苹果黄蚜时喷雾法优于灌根法。     

不同施肥处理对早春设施辣椒农艺性状及产量的影响

为进一步探索化肥减量增效的有效途径,以吐鲁番地区早春设施辣椒品种新农椒2号为材料,研究了3种施肥处理对设施辣椒农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,施用复合微生物菌肥作底肥、花期及坐果期分别采用复合微生物菌剂稀释灌根和叶面喷施能有效提高设施辣椒株高、果实纵径、果肩横径、单果质量等性状,667 m~2产量达到4 460.1 kg,较常规施肥增产200.9 kg,化肥用量减少210 kg,实现了化肥减量增效的目标。     

优化短短芽孢杆菌施用技术对番茄和辣椒幼苗生长的影响

从不同施用方式、不同浓度及不同施用次数等方面优化短短芽孢杆菌FJAT-0809-GLX的施用技术,并研究其对番茄和辣椒幼苗的施用效果。结果表明,短短芽孢杆菌叶面喷施和灌根结合施用显著增加了辣椒幼苗的株高和茎粗,处理14d后株高净增长为20.00 cm,茎粗净增长为0.16 mm。不同浓度短短芽孢杆菌均能促进番茄和辣椒幼苗的生长,其中稀释500倍对番茄幼苗的促生效果最好,稀释10倍对辣椒幼苗的促生效果最好。短短芽孢杆菌不同灌根次数对番茄和辣椒幼苗生长的影响不同,灌根2~3次对番茄幼苗生长效果较好,灌根2次对辣椒幼苗生长效果最好。     

不同浓度光合细菌对水培油麦菜产量及品质的影响

以油麦菜幼苗为试材,通过水培的方式,采用不同浓度(200 mL光合细菌菌剂+3 800mL营养液、400mL光合细菌菌剂+3 600mL营养液、600mL光合细菌菌剂+3 400mL营养液、800 mL光合细菌菌剂+3 200mL营养液、1 000 mL光合细菌菌剂+3 000mL营养液)的光合细菌进行处理,以4 000mL营养液为对照,通过对水培油麦菜的叶片数、鲜质量、根活力、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、硝酸盐含量进行分析比较,研究了不同浓度光合细菌对水培油麦菜产量及品质的影响。结果表明:600mL光合细菌菌剂+3 400mL营养液处理的效果最好,与CK相比,叶片数增加了62.66%,鲜质量增加了139.7%,根系活力增加了132.04%,维生素C含量增加了18.34%,可溶性蛋白质含量增加了16.60%,可溶性糖含量增加了192.37%,硝酸盐含量减少了69.44%。600mL光合细菌菌剂+3 400mL营养液处理保证了水培油麦菜的产量,又降低了硝酸盐含量,提高了油麦菜的品质。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.