灌水量对温室自根与嫁接黄瓜产量品质的影响

为探求黄瓜适宜的节水灌溉方式,以黄瓜自根苗和嫁接苗为试验材料,试验设定667 m2每次10、20、30 m3的不同灌水量,研究灌水量对温室栽培自根与嫁接黄瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:每次667 m2灌水10 m3的减量灌溉不仅显著提高了植株的水分利用效率,而且能在保持产量的基础上显著提高果实的品质;嫁接栽培对提高黄瓜产量、水分利用效率和果实品质无显著影响。     

不同嫁接方式对日光温室黄瓜生长及品质的影响

比较了不同嫁接方式(靠接、双根嫁接、双断根嫁接)对温室黄瓜生长及果实品质的影响。结果表明:在黄瓜生长前期,双根嫁接黄瓜长势最优,而在黄瓜快速生长期,双断根嫁接与双根嫁接黄瓜生长速率均显著高于对照;对黄瓜品质而言,双断根嫁接黄瓜明显优于双根嫁接。综合长势与品质指标,该试验认为双断根嫁接是一种获得高产优质的嫁接方式。     

不同灌溉方式对大棚黄瓜生长和产量的影响

为了探索京郊春大棚黄瓜适宜的灌溉方式,以黄瓜"中农16"为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式对其生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:膜下沟灌处理黄瓜产量最高为90443kg/hm2,与传统灌溉相比,增产8.6%,水分生产效率提高5.11kg/m3,处理间达到了显著性差异;其次是膜上沟灌处理,与传统沟灌相比,增产7.5%,水分生产效率提高6.23kg/m3,处理间达到了显著性差异。灌水带处理与传统灌溉相比,虽然产量有所增加,但是处理间没有达到显著性差异。综合产量和水分生产效率等指标,在本试验条件下,膜下沟灌和膜上沟灌能够获得较高的产量,是春大棚黄瓜适宜的灌溉方式。     

灌水量对温室自根与嫁接黄瓜根系分布及水分利用效率的影响

 为探求黄瓜适宜的节水灌溉方式,以温室栽培的黄瓜自根苗和嫁接苗为试验材料,设定每次灌水150、300和450 m³ · hm^-2的不同灌水量,研究灌水量对黄瓜根系分布、商品瓜产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与常规灌水量对照（每次450 m³ · hm^-2）相比,适度减少灌水量,在多数情况下不会显著影响黄瓜根系生长、垂直分布与水分利用,每次150 m³· hm^-2的灌水量对自根与嫁接黄瓜的产量无显著影响,水分利用效率显著提高。每次150 m³ · hm^-2灌水量下,嫁接黄瓜的根系旺盛且粗壮,同时诱发了大量毛细根向土壤深层分布,使其产量显著高于自根黄瓜,因此在减量灌溉条件下,嫁接具有良好的促根节水丰产的效果。     

双砧木嫁接法对嫁接黄瓜次生代谢产物的影响

为探讨双砧木嫁接对日光温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响,以津优35黄瓜为接穗,砧木为DTT-RS-39和黑籽南瓜,研究了双砧木嫁接、常规嫁接和自根黄瓜果实纵径、横径、伤流液含量和次生代谢产物的差异。结果表明,与自根黄瓜相比,双砧嫁接黄瓜可显著提高果实纵径、横径、伤流量、游离氨基酸和类黄酮含量,单宁含量仍有增加;与常规嫁接黄瓜相比,双砧木嫁接黄瓜显著提高果实纵径、横径、伤流量和游离氨基酸含量,类黄酮含量变化不显著,单宁含量降低。综合试验数据分析表明双砧嫁接可显著提高黄瓜产量,提高黄瓜的商品性,品质更佳。     

大兴区越冬茬双根嫁接黄瓜增产效果显著

北京市大兴区蔬菜办的技术人员自2007年起开始研究黄瓜双根嫁接技术，通过反复试验，终于在2008年春季试验成功。2008年秋季在大兴区越冬茬温室黄瓜栽培上进行示范应用，黄瓜长势良好，增产效果显著。由于双根嫁接的黄瓜拥有强大的根系，与单根嫁接的黄瓜比较有以下几个突出特点：一是生长旺盛抗病性增强；     

不同砧木对黄瓜产量、品质及枯萎病抗性的影响

以不同砧木为试材,研究砧木嫁接对黄瓜产量、品质及枯萎病抗性的影响。结果表明：采用10 个不同砧木嫁接黄瓜,可使接穗品种鲁黄瓜3号的产量提高40.3 %～68.3 %,其中以神力1号对黄瓜的增产效果最好,其次是黄砧3号、新动力和阿纳姆,增产50.5 %～57.5 %。嫁接对黄瓜果实品质没有明显影响,其中黄瓜果实中VC含量除阿纳姆和黄砧4号嫁接的显著增加外,其余砧木嫁接的与自根苗差异不显著;可溶性糖含量除根力神、卧底龙和黄砧4号嫁接的显著减少外,其余砧木嫁接的与自根苗差异不显著;砧木嫁接的硝酸盐和可溶性蛋白质含量与自根苗均差异不显著。嫁接植株的枯萎病发病率为0～8.3 %,明显低于自根苗（29.5 %）。从综合影响结果来看,在黄瓜生产中,优先选择神力1号和黄砧3号作为黄瓜嫁接的砧木品种,其次为新动力和阿纳姆。     

砧木种类对嫁接黄瓜生长、品质和产量的影响

以黑籽南瓜、白籽南瓜、黄籽南瓜、西葫芦和丝瓜为嫁接砧木,津春4号黄瓜为接穗,研究不同砧木种类嫁接对黄瓜生长、抗氧化酶活性、产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明,与自根嫁接相比,黑籽南瓜和白籽南瓜嫁接黄瓜的成活率显著下降,为对照的65.84%和61.73%,而其他3种砧木对嫁接苗成活率无明显影响;砧木嫁接均不同程度地促进黄瓜植株的生长,其中以黑籽南瓜和白籽南瓜嫁接对黄瓜植株生长和产量的影响最为明显;白籽南瓜嫁接显著提高了黄瓜叶片中SOD、POD、APX和CAT的活性,而黄籽南瓜嫁接黄瓜叶片中POD和APX的活性低于自根嫁接苗;白籽南瓜嫁接对黄瓜果实品质影响的关联度最大,其他砧木均降低了嫁接黄瓜果实品质的灰色关联度。表明白籽南瓜和黑籽南瓜嫁接能促进黄瓜植株生长和果实产量,可作为黄瓜嫁接适宜的砧木种类。     

膜下滴灌条件下耕作方式和灌水量对番茄产量和品质的影响

以"千禧"樱桃番茄为试材,研究了膜下滴灌条件下耕作方式(直接起垄、深松耕后起垄)和灌水量(60%、100%)对番茄产量和品质的影响,以期探讨番茄水分利用特性。结果表明:深松耕后起垄处理番茄产量比直接起垄处理提高13.56%,差异显著;但深松耕时100%灌水量处理和60%灌水量处理之间产量差异不显著;同时,耕作方式与灌水量对产量存在互作。降低灌水量可以提高番茄红素和维生素C的含量,深松耕可提高可溶性糖含量。膜下滴灌条件下深松耕60%灌水量时,不但能够保证番茄果实的产量,而且果实的品质达到最佳。     

不同灌溉模式对日光温室西瓜产量和品质的影响

为探究适宜中国西北地区日光温室西瓜稳产优质栽培的灌溉模式，以武威市当地传统灌溉模式为对照，设置了两个处理：T1，控制各个生育期不同的土壤相对含水率下限、上限；T2，仅控制土壤相对含水率上限，研究西瓜产量和品质对不同灌溉模式的响应。结果表明：在3 个茬口的栽培中，在伸蔓期和成熟期控制土壤相对含水率下限（70%、65%）可在不显著降低西瓜产量的同时显著提高水分利用效率，与对照相比，控制土壤相对含水率下限和上限的T1 处理全年水分利用效率提高了21.85%；同时，控制土壤相对含水率能够明显提高西瓜主要风味物质可溶性糖的含量。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.