硼酸和赤霉素对杏坐果率的影响

以‘卡巴克西米西’‘卡拉阿藏’‘大树上干’‘赛买提’等杏品种为试材,在盛花期分别喷施不同浓度的硼酸(0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%)和外源赤霉素(50、100、150mg·L~(-1)),比较不同浓度的硼酸和外源赤霉素对杏坐果率的影响,以明确硼酸和赤霉素的最适喷施浓度,探讨硼酸和外源赤霉素对杏坐果率的影响,为杏的优质高效生产提供一定的实践指导和理论依据。结果表明:不同浓度的硼酸对不同杏品种坐果率均有极显著地提高作用;随着硼酸浓度的增加,不同杏品种的坐果率均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,但变化幅度有差异。其中,‘大树上干’和‘卡拉阿藏’的最适硼酸浓度为0.15%,而‘卡巴克西米西’和‘赛买提’的最适硼酸浓度分别为0.20%和0.10%。不同浓度的赤霉素对不同杏品种的坐果率均有显著地提高作用;随着赤霉素浓度梯度的增加,不同杏品种的坐果率均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,其变化幅度也基本一致,最高坐果率均为喷施100mg·L~(-1)的赤霉素处理。可知,最适浓度硼酸和外源赤霉素对杏坐果率有明显的提高作用,浓度不适反而导致坐果率的下降,且不同品种对不同浓度的硼酸和赤霉素的效应响应有所差异。因此,在最适的硼酸和赤霉素喷施浓度的筛选和应用过程中还要考虑品种问题。     

不同环剥时期对永定早熟红柿坐果率的影响

为提高早熟红柿的坐果率,开展花期环剥保果试验.2年试验结果表明,永定早熟红柿自然坐果率约为22％,环剥处理可提高坐果率15个百分点以上,效果极显著.     

新疆干旱区骏枣丰产栽培技术研究

2006～2007年对干旱区栽植的骏枣进行丰产栽培技术研究试验.结果表明:5月中下旬以N肥为主施1次追肥,可补充树体所需的营养,为开花坐果奠定基础;5月中旬～7月中旬对枣头连续进行摘心短截,可控制营养生长,促进生殖生长;5月下旬进行环剥,有效控制树体旺长,提高坐果率和一级果率,环剥适宜宽度为0.6 cm;在花期喷2～3次清水和赤霉素,提高空气湿度,提高产量,赤霉素使用适宜浓度为10～20 mg/L;花期放蜂有效提高坐果率,枣树距蜂箱越近,效果越好.     

提高大石早生李坐果率及果实品质试验

以6年生大石早生李为试材,进行了提高大石早生李坐果率试验。结果表明,异花授粉可明显提高大石早生李的坐果率,在盛花期采取环割、环剥及在花芽萌芽前至花后喷施赤霉素及磷酸二氢钾等营养液的措施,均可提高大石早生李坐果率和改善果实品质。     

花期喷激素对红灯樱桃坐果率的影响

以9年生红灯樱桃为试材,于花期喷赤霉素和细胞分裂素,研究对坐果率的影响.结果表明,盛花期喷施赤霉素能显著提高甜樱桃坐果率,以30～40 mg/kg效果较佳;赤霉素与细胞分裂素配合喷施,对提高坐果率的效果优于单喷赤霉素,20mg/kg 6-KT与30mg/kg赤霉素配合施用效果最佳,坐果率比单喷赤霉素和自然坐果分别提高6.8和21.2个百分点.     

几种措施对新次郎甜柿坐果率和果实品质的影响

试验结果表明，以新次郎甜柿为试材，盛花期喷1次80mg／L赤霉素或与禅寺九品种自然授粉，均可显著提高新次郎甜柿的坐果率；盛花期主干环剥0．5cm后的坐果率与对照无显著差异。喷赤霉素、环剥和自然授粉各处理的果实可溶性固形物、维生素C和单宁含量与对照无显著差异，但喷赤霉素可明显减小单果重。     

提高枣产量和品质的技术措施

介绍了提高枣产量和果实品质的技术措施,根据生态条件选择适宜品种,依据栽培密度选择适宜树形;多施有机肥,根据物候期进行追肥;花期喷赤霉素、喷肥、喷水.进行环剥,提高坐果率;坐果后陆续采用叶面喷施、树干输液、氨基酸涂干等方式,补充营养;生长季修剪进行疏枝、拉枝,对枣头、二次枝、枣吊进行“三摘心”;果实脆熟期搭建避雨棚,预防和减少裂果.     

金丝小枣合理负载控制技术

金丝小枣的自然坐果率较低,不足0.5%。生产中都是采用花前疏截枣头、花期喷赤霉素和主干开甲(环状剥皮)等技术措施来提高坐果率。开甲是金丝小枣提高坐果率的传统技术,也是关键技术。如果只疏截枣头和喷赤霉素而不开甲,开始可能坐果很多,但随着生长幼果会逐渐脱落甚至所剩无几。生产中看到,开甲后坐果量的多少与甲口(环剥口)的愈合早晚密切相关。     

冬枣管理四不要

1)不要超量使用赤霉素.花期喷施赤霉素可有效提高冬枣坐果率,但并不是喷施次数越多、浓度越大效果越明显.正确的做法是:在枣树开甲1～3天内喷1次20 mg/kg的赤霉素,然后观察坐果情况.如果坐果比较理想,只喷1次就可以了;如果坐果率较低,隔7～8天再喷1次.一般情况下喷两次就可达到理想效果.同时可叶面喷施芸薹素+多元素叶面肥.     

喷施“垦易”(活性)生物有机肥可提高柑桔坐果率

<正>柑桔生理落果严重,以往生产上多使用赤霉素、细胞分裂素、2,4—D等植物生长调节剂进行保花保果,但有些生长调节剂如赤霉素,在高浓度使用后,果实的品质下降,果皮粗厚,着色延迟.近年来,我们进行了柑桔的保花保果试验,结果表明,喷布垦易微生物有机肥(厦门垦易微生物有机肥有限公司生产),可显著提高柑桔坐果率.方法是:在柑桔花前期、幼果期,于清晨或傍晚时分(以免水分蒸发,肥料浓度过高,不利于叶面吸收)向叶面喷施“垦易”肥500倍液.10月调查,喷施“垦易”肥的柑桔坐果率比     

Effect of Leaf Number and Area on the Fruit Growth of Regular and Biennial Bearing Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grown Under North Indian Conditions

Abstract

The optimum leaf number required for normal fruit growth in the regular bearing mango cultivar ‘Amrapali’ and the biennial bearing cultivars ‘Chausa’, ‘Dashehari’ and ‘Langra’ were studied by isolating individual fruits with known numbers of supporting leaves by shoot girdling at the time of fruit set. There were significant differences in the leaf area (249.01-1817.10 cm2), fresh weight (7.0-77.0 g) and dry weight (3.7-50.0 g) of leaves on shoots having 30, 20, 10 and 5 leaves as compared with control in different cultivars. In both types of cultivars, there was a progressive reduction in fruit size in terms of total fruit, pulp, peel, and seed weight with decreasing numbers of supporting leaves, however, a minimum reduction (2.4%) in fruit growth in ‘Amrapali’ was noticed with 30 supporting leaves. A nonsignificant difference in photosynthetic rate with varying number of leaves was found but its efficiency in leaves was higher in ‘Amrapali’ as compared with biennial bearing cultivars. Starch accumulation in the leaves was reduced by shoot girdling. The stomatal resistance of the leaves of girdled shoots was comparable with that of leaves on control shoots. In all the cultivars except ‘Amrapali’ it was observed that 30 leaves, the maximum retained on a shoot, could not support the growth of a single fruit to normal size. The data on rate of photosynthesis in different pool size of leaves and fruit growth in girdled and nongirdled shoots clearly show that fruit development depends not only on the current assimilates but also to a great extent on reserves. A 14CO2 feeding experiment showed a higher rate of carbon fixation in the leaves of girdled shoots than in the control shoots, but the translocation of 14C assimilated to the developing fruits on the girdled and control shoots was comparable. The results also indicated that developing fruits are major sinks for current photosynthates as more than 60 percent of the 14C exported from the treated leaf was found in the fruit in all instances.     

Subject Index

Prohexadione-calcium (ProCa) is a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor with limited persistence and low toxicity that has recently been registered as a shoot growth retardant for apples in North America (Apogee^®) and Europe (Regalis^®). We investigated the response of six different pear cultivars (‘Rosemarie’, ‘Forelle’, ‘Packham's Triumph’, ‘Flamingo’, ‘Early Bon Chretien’ and ‘Golden Russet Bosc’) to ProCa in the Western Cape, South Africa, over the period 1999–2003. ProCa treatments ranging from 50 to 250 mg l⁻¹ were applied between one and three times per season and were compared with girdling and control treatments. ProCa application reduced shoot growth in all of the cultivars. ‘Forelle’, was least responsive and showed a reduction in 2002/2003 but not 2001/2002. ‘Rosemarie’, ‘Flamingo’, ‘Packham's Triumph’ and ‘Golden Russet Bosc’ were most responsive, with shoot growth being reduced by up to 50% of the control for the latter two cultivars. The response to number of applications and ProCa concentration was not consistent across cultivars. ‘Early Bon Chretien’, for example, only responded to high ProCa concentration, whereas ‘Rosemarie’ was very responsive at the lowest ProCa concentration. ProCa application improved fruit set but decreased final fruit size in some of the cultivars, particularly in ‘Rosemarie’. It also caused a decrease in return bloom in ‘Forelle’ and ‘Packham's Triumph’. The response of different cultivars to girdling, in terms of shoot growth and fruit set was highly variable. Girdling tended to increase final fruit size and return bloom. ProCa shows potential as a shoot growth retardant for the pear cultivars investigated, but the response of reduced fruit size in some cultivars requires mitigation. Future research on combined girdling and ProCa treatments may be instructive.     

Gibberellic acid and fruit set in sweet orange

A single GA₃-spray at petal-fall to the entire tree enhanced initial set in the ‘Navelate’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), but this effect was transient and in most cases final yield was not increased. When followed by girdling, final yield was increased even in the most productive orchards, this effect being due to an increase in fruit number while fruit size was unaffected. The response was markedly dependent on the GA₃ concentration, 5 mg l^?1 giving the best results. Higher concentrations up to 20 mg l^?1 even reduced yield compared to the untreated control trees. Chlormequat reduced the number of fruits finally cropped without affecting their size, an effect which may be explained through a reduction in the endogenous gibberellin levels.     

不同生长调节剂配方对夏黑葡萄果实经济性状的影响

以4年生夏黑葡萄为试材,研究了不同生长调节剂配方对增大花穗、提高着果率及果实膨大的作用及其对夏黑葡萄经济性状的影响。结果表明:GA3与6-BA组合比单独使用GA3效果好,生长调节剂最佳配方为花前7～10天用GA35mg/L+6-BA 10mg/L增大花穗,花后3天用GA325mg/L+6-BA 20mg/L保果,花后10～15天用GA325mg/L+CPPU 2mg/L促进果实膨大。     

Girdling and the reduction in shoot xylem sap concentrations of cytokinins and gibberellins in peach

The effects of girdling at the beginning of pit hardening on peach shoot xylem sap cytoki- nin and gibberellin concentrations were studied. Girdling at the beginning of growth stage II of fruit development significantly reduced xylem sap concentration of zeatin-type cytokinins, gibberellin A, and/or gibberellin A3. Girdling also reduced shoot growth, both internodal length and node number, for about eight weeks after girdling until the girdle had healed over. The results support the hypothesis that reduced shoot growth is caused by reduced xylem transported, root supplied, promotive growth substances.     

基于多元统计法的枣胚败育影响因素研究

为揭示果实外观发育与枣果胚败育的关系,对87个枣品种花期、坐果时间、前期坐果率、不同发育时期的果实纵横径、果形指数、果实含仁率等15个指标进行了调查,并进行了主成分聚类分析,然后将直接反映胚败育的果实含仁率(3个指标)与其余12个指标进行了典型相关分析。结果表明,将15个指标用7个主成分(果实生长速度、大果果实生长特性、中果果实生长特性、花期、小果果实生长特性、中果含仁率、小果含仁率)来表示,累计贡献率高达85.67%(≥85%);利用上述7个主成分对87个品种进行聚类分析,综合SPRSQ、CCC、PSF、PST2 4个统计变量可将87个品种分为3类,分别为果实快速发育型、中间型、慢速发育型。相关分析表明,大果含仁率可作为枣胚败育的主要衡量指标,而大果果实的前期坐果速度和果实形状与其含仁率高度相关。     

UV-C辐射对‘北全’葡萄叶片和邻近果穗果实不同器官白藜芦醇及其衍生物含量的影响

以16a生‘北全’葡萄田间结果树为试材,在果实转熟期采用UV-C辐射结合韧皮部环剥的方法,研究了UV-C辐射对葡萄叶片和邻近果穗果实不同器官白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,Res)及其衍生物含量的影响。结果表明:UV-C辐射能够显著提高叶片trans-Res、trans-PD、trans?ε?VIN、trans?α?VIN、trans-RT和trans?δ?VIN含量,而单独的环剥处理则不具备这样的效果;UV-C辐射叶片抑制了邻近枝条韧皮部trans-Res和trans?ε?VIN的积累,环剥能够改变这种结果;而对邻近枝条木质部trans-Res及其衍生物的积累无影响。UV-C辐射叶片能够促进邻近果穗的果穗轴和果皮分别为5种和2种trans-Res及其衍生物的积累,环剥能够阻断这种效应;而对邻近果穗种子trans-Res及其衍生物的积累无影响。     

适宜与草莓套种的日光温室厚皮甜瓜品种筛选

为了不断推进草莓产业发展,提升日光温室草莓种植经济效益,丰富可与草莓套种的厚皮甜瓜品种,选取5个优质厚皮甜瓜品种作为试验材料与草莓进行套种栽培,通过比较田间长势、果实外观、果实品质等指标,筛选出适合与草莓进行套种栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种.结果表明:雅州蜜与草莓进行套种时,心糖含量达到16.50％,坐果率达到98.67％,具有...     

银杏种子繁殖技术研究

以银杏种子为试材,研究了温度、播种基质、赤霉素、氯化钙等因素对银杏种子发芽率的影响。结果表明:恒温、变温处理及播种基质的不同对银杏种子发芽率影响不大;赤霉素和氯化钙处理均能提高银杏种子的发芽率,赤霉素的最佳处理浓度为1 500mg/L,氯化钙的最佳处理浓度为50mg/L。     

CPPU对温州蜜柑着果和果实品质的影响

CPPU不同浓度和处理时期对尾张温州蜜柑着果有显著影响,以CPPU5mg/L在尾张温州蜜柑谢花后处理的着果率显著高于对照和CPPU20mg/L处理,而与CPPU10mg/L处理差异不显著。CPPU5mg/L在谢花后处理的单果重和可溶性固形物含量与对照差异不显著,果皮较薄。CPPU10mg/L在谢花后处理的着果率高于第一次生理落果结束时的处理,单果重显著重于对照,可溶性固形物含量与对照差异不显著。