6-BA对厚皮甜瓜坐果节位叶片衰老及果实品质的影响

以厚皮甜瓜品种‘迎春(F1)’为试材,研究了喷施不同浓度6-BA对坐果节位叶片的衰老、抗氧化酶活性及果实品质的影响。结果表明:适宜浓度的6-BA处理可显著提高坐果节位叶片抗氧化酶活性,降低超氧阴离子(O·2)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,延缓叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量的下降;同时提高了甜瓜果实单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和维生素C含量;说明6-BA可能通过抑制氧自由基对植物的侵害及膜脂过氧化程度的加深,使叶片保持较高的抗氧化酶活性,从而延缓叶片衰老,并对果实品质的提高起到改善作用。     

蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生理特性和品质的影响

以厚皮甜瓜（Cucumis melo）品种‘M135’为试材,研究了叶面喷施蛋氨酸硒对其生理特性、硒含量和品质的影响。喷施浓度试验以喷等量清水为对照,叶片喷施硒浓度分别为15、30和60 mg ? L-1的蛋氨酸硒溶液3次,结果表明：喷施硒浓度为30 mg ? L-1蛋氨酸硒溶液,可使果实品质显著提高,且达到富硒标准。喷施次数试验以不喷为对照,对叶面分别喷施1、2和3次30 mg ? L-1蛋氨酸硒溶液,结果表明：喷施1 ~ 3次蛋氨酸硒溶液后,厚皮甜瓜叶片色素含量和光合速率显著提高,植株生长量及产量均显著高于对照;果肉中的有机硒、无机态Se6+和Se4+、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量也明显升高。喷施2次处理的果肉中硒的总含量为43.13 μg ? kg-1,有机硒含量35.38 μg ? kg-1,达到富硒标准;可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量分别比对照提高了9.14%、31.72%和33.90%。可见,叶面喷施蛋氨酸硒不仅提高了厚皮甜瓜的硒含量,还可增强光合能力,从而提高产量和综合品质,尤其是喷施2次30 mg ? L-1的蛋氨酸硒溶液。     

稀土复合叶面肥对苹果叶片光合作用和果实品质的影响

以"富士"苹果为试材,研究了生长季节喷施0.01、0.10、1.00mg·L~(-1) 3个浓度的稀土复合叶面肥对苹果叶片光合作用以及果实品质的影响,以期为稀土叶面肥在苹果生产中的应用提供参考。结果表明:0.01～1.00mg·L~(-1)稀土复合叶面肥处理均能不同程度提高苹果叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、瞬时羧化效率(Pn/Ci)、叶绿素快速荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP)、光合性能指数(PIABS)、PSⅡ光化学电子传递效率(PET);同时可以缓解叶片"光合午休"的影响,此外还能改善果实硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖、可滴定酸等指标。以上结果表明,喷施稀土复合叶面肥可以明显提高叶片叶绿素含量和叶片光合能量转化效率,并最终提高果实品质。     

有机硒肥对薄皮甜瓜香气成分和营养品质的影响

以薄皮甜瓜新品种(系)‘G6×4’为试材,研究叶面喷施不同浓度有机硒肥对薄皮甜瓜香气成分和营养品质的影响。以喷施清水为CK(对照),叶片喷施有机硒浓度分别为6、12、18、24和30 mg·L~(-1)。结果表明,有机硒肥处理对甜瓜果实的香气种类和含量具有显著的影响。乙酸己酯、2,3-丁二醇-二乙酸酯、3-(甲硫基)乙酸丙酯、辛醇、3-羟基丁酮等特征香气成分的含量随着有机硒肥处理先升高后下降,在有机硒质量浓度12~18 mg·L~(-1)处理下,甜瓜果实的特征香气成分含量相对较高。有机硒质量浓度18~24 mg·L~(-1)时,有助于甜瓜果实可溶性固形物等营养物质含量的提高。综上所述,叶面喷施18 mg·L~(-1)有机硒是提高薄皮甜瓜香气成分和营养品质的适宜施硒处理。     

叶面喷施外源硒营养液对甜瓜产量和品质的影响

为筛选出甜瓜叶面喷施硒肥的最佳浓度配方,以3个不同品种的厚皮甜瓜为试验材料,设计了5个浓度梯度的有机硒营养液,分3次喷施于甜瓜叶面,研究喷施硒营养液对甜瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:浓度为30 mg/L和15 mg/L的硒肥喷施处理,甜瓜果实含硒量和产量均显著增加;甜瓜果实中可溶性固形物含量提高;但果实中的可溶性蛋白和VC含量变化不明显。30 mg/L和15 mg/L可作为生产上栽培生产富硒甜瓜的最佳浓度配比。     

日光温室厚皮甜瓜果实发育中后期植株生理特性

对日光温室两个厚皮甜瓜品种果实发育中后期植株生理特性及果实发育规律进行了研究。结果表明:果实发育中后期,两个厚皮甜瓜品种叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素含量随节位升高而不断升高;鲁厚甜1号叶片中可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势呈“V”型;两个厚皮甜瓜品种根系活力均随着果实发育成熟而降低;金玉果实膨大期为授粉后第10~15天,鲁厚甜1号为授粉后第12~19天;两个厚皮甜瓜品种果实可溶性蛋白及游离氨基酸含量均呈先下降后上升的趋势,VC含量呈逐渐上升趋势。     

硅对设施厚皮甜瓜弱光胁迫的调控效果

以"维科厚甜2号"甜瓜为试材,5 000lx弱光条件下在培养箱中对厚皮甜瓜幼苗喷施0.7~2.8mmol·L~(-1)硅素,研究了叶面喷施硅素对甜瓜苗期生长和相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:在弱光环境下,叶面喷施0.7~2.8mmol·L~(-1)硅素可促进甜瓜功能叶片硝酸还原酶活性提高和可溶性蛋白质含量增加,从而促进了光合性能提升。叶面喷施1.4~2.8mmol·L~(-1)硅素可显著抑制弱光下幼苗徒长,表现为甜瓜株高、节间长和下胚轴长度显著降低,茎粗和根叶干物质积累增加,但以1.4mmol·L~(-1)硅素促壮效果最佳。因此,1.4mmol·L~(-1)硅素可作为早春茬棚室甜瓜苗期叶面喷施硅肥的参考指标。     

聚谷氨酸对'灵武长枣'果实糖分积累与品质的影响

以'灵武长枣'为试材,采用田间处理结合酶学技术,研究了叶面喷施不同浓度的聚谷氨酸对坐果率、果实中糖分积累以及果实品质的影响,以期为提高枣果的产量和品质提供参考依据.结果 表明:在初花期叶面喷施聚谷氨酸可提高坐果率和果实中转化酶、蔗糖合酶、蔗糖磷酸合酶以及质膜ATPase活性;在果实采收时,0.12g·L-1的聚谷氨酸处理显著提高了平均单果质量,使果实中可溶性总糖、花色苷含量极显著提高,枣树产量和果实品质也显著提高.因此,在初花期,叶面喷施适当浓度的聚谷氨酸可通过提高坐果率、果实中糖分积累关键酶活性,来提高'灵武长枣'果实的产量和品质.     

留瓜节位对厚皮甜瓜植株生理特性、果重及可溶性固形物含量的影响

以塑料大棚栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种‘翠雪5号’为试验材料,探讨不同留瓜节位对不同节位叶片的生理生化指标、单果重以及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明,‘翠雪5号’在第16节位留瓜时,可溶性蛋白（Pr）含量和叶绿素（Chl）高于第13节位留瓜,丙二醛含量（MDA）和愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）活性低于第13节位留瓜。然而,不同留瓜节位还会影响甜瓜植株衰老进程,对果实产量和品质有着重要的影响。一般来说,同一个品种春季栽培比秋季栽培的坐瓜节位要高2个节位左右,这样结出的瓜不仅果形好且大、产量高,糖度也高。     

5-氨基乙酰丙酸对兔眼蓝莓光合性能及果实产量和品质的影响

以12年生兔眼蓝莓品种‘园蓝’为试材,研究了花后喷施5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对植株光合性能及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:喷施300mg/L ALA处理对兔眼蓝莓光合能力和产量的促进作用最大,叶片叶绿素含量相对值、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率分别比对照提高4.5%、19.8%、19.4%和19.5%,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ的有效光量子产额[Y(Ⅱ)]分别比对照上升0.7%、10.9%,果实纵径、横径、单果重和单株产量分别比对照高3.0%、3.3%、8.3%和8.1%。适量外源ALA可在一定程度上提高兔眼蓝莓果实可溶性糖含量,降低果实酸度,果实维生素C含量因果实变大而降低,低浓度和高浓度ALA处理果实总酚和总黄酮含量较高。由此推测适量ALA通过增强兔眼蓝莓光合效能,提高果实大小,从而提高产量,并改善部分品质指标。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量