青杄自由授粉家系苗期优良家系选择研究

分析9年生青杄50个家系苗的苗高、地径2个性状,结果表明:家系间苗高差异达到极显著,有较高的遗传力与遗传变异系数。以苗高生长指标为基础,初选出8个优良家系,平均苗高和地径分别为32.84cm、6.6mm,比原群体分别提高了14%、19%。     

青海云杉遗传变异分析及早期评价

青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)是中国青藏高原东北边缘的特有种,生态适应性强,应用价值广泛。为丰富我国高寒地区用材林树种资源的遗传多样性,遵循供种区与引种区环境条件相似之原则,根据引种区土壤、植被分布、地形地貌及地理位置等主要环境条件,兼顾全年明显干湿季节交替的自然气候,确定与之相适应的青藏高原为供种区。以青海云杉为引种对象,在引种驯化的基础上,综合分析与评价子代的遗传变异、早期生长表现和生态适应性。结果表明,青海云杉苗期生长趋势与乡土树种红皮云杉基本一致,能较快地适应新的生态环境。但是,生长性状存在一定的变异,其中:苗高性状变异较小,地径性状变异较大,平均变异系数分别为18.30%和27.23%。结合生态适应性和生长势,确定PcⅠ-08、PcⅠ-04、PcⅠ-11和PcⅠ-07等4家系为优良个体,具有广泛的引种栽培价值。     

广西佛手扦插苗分级标准的初步研究

在藤县、永福、阳朔等广西佛手主产区,选取4个具有代表性的佛手1 a生扦插苗苗圃进行调查,以地径、苗高和侧根数作为苗木分级的质量指标,对120株苗木的苗高、地径、分枝数、根系长、根幅、侧根数以及全株鲜重进行了聚类分析。结果表明:广西佛手1 a生扦插苗分为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级苗,Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥23 cm,地径≥0.57 cm,侧根数≥8;Ⅱ级苗:23 cm>苗高≥18 cm,0.57 cm>地径≥0.42 cm,8>侧根数≥6。     

番茄主要数量性状的遗传潜势分析

研究了番茄5个数量性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力、遗传进度以及各数量性状与小区产量的相关遗传进度和选择指数。结果表明:病毒病病情指数、单株果数和小区产量的变异程度高,分别为17.89、12.62和12.54;病毒病病情指数的遗传力大,为66.13%;病毒病病情指数的遗传进度和相对效率高,分别为18.58和29.97%;单株果数与小区产量的相关遗传进度较高,为0.462;凡含有单株果数这一性状的选择效率最高,其次为单果重;多个性状的选择优于单一性状的选择,并且由单株结果数、病毒病病情指数、果肉厚、小区产量组成的选择指数方程,综合选择响应值最大为26.9%。     

茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗的苗木质量指标分析与苗木分级

采用SPSS16.0统计分析软件,对福建省茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗苗高、地径、分枝数、侧枝基径、侧枝枝长、花苞数等苗木质量因子进行测定和统计分析,运用K-均值聚类法对其苗木进行初步分级。结果表明:茶绒杜鹃3年生扦插苗苗高、地径呈正态分布,质量整齐度一般;各质量因子间存在一定的相关性;3年生扦插苗分级标准:Ι级苗,苗高≥45cm、地径≥5mm、分枝数≥5;Ⅱ级苗,苗高30～45cm地径4～5mm、分枝数4。     

福建杉3代幼龄林优良家系和单株的选择

武功山林场林科所于2013年4月从福建省尤溪县洋口林场引进76个杉3代家系。通过栽植2a后对福建杉3代进行全林的全高和地径的测量,根据综合指数、家系和单株间的遗传增益选择较大的优良家系和单株,结果表明,初选家系是68号66号和52号家系,生长性状(全高、地径)在76个家系中最好的家系。在单株选择中选出的优良单株是68号家系第三小区第5株,是最适合武功山林区生长的优良家系和单株。     

内蒙古克什克腾旗种源西伯利亚杏果实表型多样性

以内蒙古克什克腾旗种源10个家系的西伯利亚杏为试材,采用多元统计分析方法,对西伯利亚杏的果实、杏核、杏仁、株高与地径共17个表型性状进行了研究,以期为内蒙古西伯利亚杏的选育及遗传改良提供了理论基础。结果表明:10个家系间所有性状均存在极显著差异,不同性状的变异系数幅度为0.01~0.28,果重变异系数最大为0.28,地径的变异系数最小为0.01;前3个主成分累计贡献率达到84.86%;聚类分析清楚地将10个家系分为3组,散点图分析与聚类分析结果一致。     

核桃实生苗二次移栽苗木生长特性研究

试验将1年生实生核桃苗分为0.5～0.8 cm、0.8～1.0 cm、1.0 cm 3个径级进行移栽,通过移栽苗的成活率、苗高、地径生长,来研究径级与其生长的关系。结果表明:1)径级对移栽苗成活率的影响,表现出苗木规格越大,成活率越高;以地径1.0 cm(Ⅲ)成活率最高,为83.75%;1.0 cm(Ⅳ和Ⅴ)成活率低于80%。2)苗高、地径总生长量从大到小依次为:Ⅲ(苗高100.4 cm、地径1.984 cm)Ⅳ(苗高68 cm、地径1.658 cm)Ⅴ(苗高62.8 cm、地径1.385 cm)。3)苗高、地径生长动态趋势均呈"S"型趋势,地径的生长总体呈现"慢-快-慢"的生长规律;从生长量看,苗高以径级大的为好,Ⅴ、Ⅲ移栽后苗高生长增幅速度最大(分别为218%、214.96%);而地径生长以Ⅴ的增幅速度最大(225%),Ⅲ、Ⅳ较小(分别为186.29%、146.96%)。4)苗木总生物量,以大径级最大(100.47 g),且随着径级的增大而增加。5)按照核桃苗木分级标准,Ⅲ和Ⅳ的合格苗比例较大(分别为93.94%、80%),Ⅴ的合格苗最少(50%)。综合各项指标,Ⅲ径级在苗高、地径、生物量和出圃苗合格率上均高于其他两种径级,说明1.0 cm可作为进行二次移栽的最小地径苗木标准。     

外生菌根菌接种对红椎生长及光合作用的影响

主要分析了几种外生菌根菌接种对红椎生长的影响,依据统计26周试验苗生长指标,接种处理时在须根、地径、苗高、质量中具备一定差距。相比较没接种苗来说,接种外生菌根菌苗地径增加50%~105%,苗高增加20%~75%,干质量提高100%,须根数增加41%~245%,从而可以发现接种苗能够利于其根系发展以及促进地上部分发展。     

俄罗斯红穗醋栗S30生物学特性和扦插繁育技术研究

为丰富高寒地区小浆果树种,于2003年从俄罗斯引进优良红穗醋栗品种S30,连续7 a进行生物学特性和繁育技术试验研究。结果表明:红穗醋栗S30在黑河市能够正常生长发育,开花结实,属于晚熟品种。基生枝年高生长量为114.67 cm、径粗1.28 cm;高速生期在6月初至7月中旬,生量长可达50 cm,为全年的43.6%;径速生期在6、89、月之间。嫩枝扦插成活率高,可达93%,苗高17.2 cm,地径0.36 cm。2种硬枝扦插方法中覆盖地膜扦插苗木成活率高,为58%,苗高59.21 cm,地径1.01 cm,高速生期在7、8月,径速生期在7~9月间,苗床直接扦插苗年生长缓慢,苗高16.86 cm,地径0.63 cm。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

Influence of lanthanum nitrate on the expression of aquaporin 7 in the testis of rats

AIM: To find out whether different dosage of rare earth element-lanthanum can influence the expression of aquaporin 7(AQP 7) in the testis of rats. METHODS:Rats were fed with lanthanum nitrate[La(NO₃)₃]and killed 6 months later.Testes were then removed immediately to extract total RNA.Northern blot analysis is performed finally. RESULTS:0.1 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ depressed the expression of AQP 7 in rat testis, while 20 mg/kg La(NO₃)₃ had no significant effect on it. CONCLUSION: AQP 7 expession is found in the rat testis; La(NO₃)₃ can depress the expression of AQP 7 in the rat testis.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfung von Kirschensorten auf wuchsreduzierenden Unterlagen in Ungarn

Zusammenfassung In Ungarn gibt es ein reges Interesse an intensivem Obstanbau. Der Erfolg dieses Anbaus hängt in sehr großem Maße von den Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Standort, den Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen und dem Anbauverfahren ab.Um die Wirkung wuchsreduzierender Kirschenunterlagen aus ausländischen Züchtungsinstituten unter ungarischen Klimaverhältnissen untersuchen zu können, wurde im Forschungsinstitut für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd ein Vergleichsversuch durchgeführt. Der Versuch wurde mit Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72, Weiroot 154, Weiroot 158, GiSelA 5 und P-HL-A-Unterlagen 1997 in der Versuchsanstalt des Forschungsinstituts für Obst- und Zierpflanzenbau Budapest-Érd aufgepflanzt. Als Kontrolle diente die Sämlingsunterlage Cerasus mahaleb Cema, deren Anteil im ungarischen Süßkirschenanbau bei 70–80% liegt. Die Unterlagen wurden mit drei Süßkirschensorten (Germersdorfi , Linda, Katalin) und mit einer Sauerkirschensorte (Piramis) veredelt.Nach der Wüchsigkeit bis zum Ende des 8. Standjahres konnten die Unterlagen in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: starkwüchsige (Cerasus mahaleb Cema, Cerasus avium C. 2493, Weiroot 13), mittelstarkwüchsige (Weiroot 158, Weiroot 154, P-HL-A) und schwachwüchsige Unterlagen (Weiroot 72, Weiroot 53, GiSelA 5). Die stärkste Neigung, Wurzelschosse zu treiben, zeigten Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 154.Während der Untersuchung der generativen Eigenschaften wurde beobachtet, dass es Unterschiede in der Blütezeit der Sorten-Unterlagen-Kombinationen gibt. Auf GiSelA 5 veredelte Sorten blühten 1 oder 2 Tage früher als die Kontrolle. Es gab nur geringe Unterschiede in der Reifezeit der Kombinationen. Den größten Ertrag hatte die Sorte Linda, gefolgt von Katalin, Germersdorfi 3 und Piramis. Der größte Fruchtdurchmesser wurde bei der Süßkirschensorte Germersdorfi 3 gefunden, der größte Anteil an Früchten größer als 26 mm bei den Bäumen auf Weiroot 72 (23%), der geringste Anteil großer Früchte bei den Bäumen auf GiSelA 5. Bei Piramis wurde der größte Fruchtdurchmesser auf Cerasus avium C. 2493 gemessen.     

Effects of corridors on home range sizes and interpatch movements of three small mammal species

Corridors are predicted to benefit populations in patchy habitats bypromoting movement, which should increase population densities, gene flow, andrecolonization of extinct patch populations. However, few investigators haveconsidered use of the total landscape, particularly the possibility ofinterpatch movement through matrix habitat, by small mammals. This studycompares home range sizes of 3 species of small mammals, the cotton mouse(Peromyscus gossypinus), old-field mouse (P.polionotus) and cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus)between patches with and without corridors. The study site was in S. Carolina,USA. Corridor presence did not have astatistically significant influence on average home range size. Habitatspecialization and sex influenced the probability of an individual movingbetween 2 patches without corridors. The results of this study suggest thatsmall mammals may be more capable of interpatch movement without corridors thanis frequently assumed.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Quercetin regulates Fas expression and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells

AIM: To investigate the role of 1, 4, 5- trisphosphate inositol (IP3) and Fas gene expression in apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by quercetin. METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with quercetin at different concentrations (including 20, 40, 60, 80 μmol/ L) for 72 h and treated with 60 μmol/ L quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. IP3, Fas mRNA, Fas protein and apoptosis rate were assayed by IP3 - ［3H］ Birtrak assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: When HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin for 72 h, the IP3 content was lower than those in control. Fas mRNA expression, Fas protein expression and the apoptosis rate were higher than those in control. When HepG2 cells were incubated with quercetin for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, the IP3 contents were lower than those in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h. Fas mRNA expression was higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 12 h . Fas protein expression was higher than that in control. The apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that in control incubated with 60 μmol/L quercetin for 24 h (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Quercetin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing IP3 production and upregulating Fas gene expression.