Relationship between microRNAs and autophagy in Schwann cells during peripheral nerve regeneration and repair

The survival, proliferation and differentiation of Schwann cells are the decisive factors of peripheral nerve regeneration. Autophagy is an important mechanism to regulate homeostasis and make Schwann cells pass the stress period, thus providing protection for the survival of Schwann cells and becoming a key factor on nerve regeneration. Recent studies indicate that a number of microRNAs participate in the activity of Schwann cells and play an important regulatory role in the process of nerve injury repair. In our studies, we found that microRNAs played an important regulatory role in autophagy at the early stage of nerve injury. Therefore, the relationship between microRNAs and autophagy in Schwann cells during the regeneration and repair of peripheral nerve injury is described in this paper.     

Clinical pathophysiology of diabetic microangiopathy

In present review, the history of microangiopathy discovery and it’s modern concept were introduced and the pathophysiological changes of some vital organs in diabetes were analyzed. The roles of oxidation stress, distur bances of microvascular functions, microvascular endothelial cell damage, PKC and PPARγ in pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy were also discussed.     

Progress on epigenetic regulation of long noncoding RNAs in cardiac development and heart diseases

It was previously revealed that noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs, control cardiac genes and regulate heart function. Recently, growing evidence from high-throughput genomic platforms has confirmed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as new and enigmatic regulators in cardiac development and homeostasis. Nevertheless, little is known about their characteristics compared to microRNAs. Here, we review the latest progress on lncRNAs in cardiac biology and diseases, summarizing detailed knowledge of their functions and novel cardiac-related gene regulatory mechanisms in epigenetic processes. Finally, we highlight that lncRNAs could be promising therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers in cardiac pathophysiology.     

嫁接对柑橘microRNA表达的影响

以‘锦橙’、‘资阳香橙’、‘飞龙枳’实生苗和‘锦橙’/‘资阳香橙’、‘锦橙’/‘飞龙枳’嫁接苗为试材,通过荧光定量PCR检测miRNA及其靶基因在嫁接苗和实生苗叶片和根系中的表达差异,分析嫁接对柑橘microRNAs及其靶基因表达的影响。结果证明嫁接对柑橘miRNA的表达有直接的影响。嫁接的影响更多地是促进接穗中一些与调控植物生长发育、胁迫应答及激素信号转导相关的miRNA的表达,并抑制了其对应靶基因的表达;而在砧木中,嫁接对根系的影响较多表现为抑制与植物生长发育、胁迫应答相关的miRNA的表达,促进其靶基因的表达。受影响的miRNA的种类及其表达的差异水平在不同砧木间有明显差异。     

植物地下器官花色苷合成及其调控研究进展

花色苷作为一种天然色素及高抗氧化活性物质，具有优良的保健功效。与地上器官相比，块根、块茎等地下器官中的花色苷具有高含量、高产量、易储存等优点，是一种高效、稳定、易于利用的花色苷来源。彩色马铃薯、紫甘薯、紫淮山等植物地下器官富含花色苷，本文对植物花色苷特别是地下器官花色苷的合成及其调控机制进行了综述，并展望了今后的研究重点。     

Advance in biological properties of IL-38 and its role in pulmonary diseases

Interleukin-38 （IL-38） is the most recently discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family and is an IL-36 receptor inhibitor. IL-38 is mainly expressed in human immune organs and associated with a variety of diseases. In the process of apoptosis and necrosis caused by injury or inflammation， researchers have studied quiet a lot about the kinase， cleavage sites， activity regulatory mechanism， signal transduction ligand， transduction mode and potential receptors of IL-38， but many mechanisms are still unknown. This article reviews the role of IL-38 in the pathogenesis and progression of lung tumors， asthma and interstitial lung disease. We also discussed the role of IL-38 in the treatment of these diseases， the possible relationship between IL-38 and tuberculosis， and the direction of future studies on the mechanism of IL-38 action.     

盐地枸杞不同营养器官中盐离子分布规律

为了探明盐地枸杞适应盐渍生境的生理机制,以盐碱地种植的枸杞为试材,研究了不同营养器官中3种盐离子的分布特征以及树龄对盐离子含量的影响。结果表明:Na+、K+、Cl-3种离子在枸杞各营养器官中的含量不同,且差异显著,其中Na+和Cl-在成叶中的含量最高,幼叶、茎次之,细根中的含量最低,而K+在各器官中的含量为幼叶>茎>成叶>细根,地上部分的Na+、K+和Cl-含量分别是地下部分的5．303倍、4．645倍和4．180倍;树龄不同,枸杞各营养器官所含盐离子含量也不同,与1年生枸杞相比,4年生枸杞成、幼叶中的Na+含量分别下降了18．77％和52．01％, Cl-含量也分别下降了23．56％和18．07％,K+含量分别增加了46．48％和59．35％,细根中的Na+、K+和Cl-含量分别下降了62．82％、106．02％和84．78％。表明在盐渍逆境中生存的枸杞有其自己特殊的耐盐机制,且经过多年的种植对盐逆境的适应性也逐渐提高。     

Preliminary study on miRNA expression spectrum related to chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer

AIM: To screen the chemotherapy resistance-related microRNAs (miRNAs) of colon cancer using gene chip technique, and to explore the mechanism of miRNAs regulating chemotherapy resistance. METHODS: Gene chip technique was used to analyze the expression of miRNAs in colon cancer cell line HCT8 and vincristine-resistant cell line HCT8/v, and screen the miRNAs with significantly different expression. The results were verified by RT-qPCR. The target genes of these miRNAs were predicted, and the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the signaling pathway analysis of the predicted genes were carried out. RESULTS: Altogether 342 miRNAs with significantly differential expression were selected, in which 190 were up-regulated, and 152 were down-regulated. The verification results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression of miR-125-5p, miR-181c-5p and miR-153-3 was consistent with the results of chip detection. The expression of miR-130a-3p and miR-149-3p was not consistent with the results of chip detection. The results of GO analysis showed that the main pathway of chemotherapy resistance-related genes was RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. The chemotherapy resistance-related genes played roles mainly through positive regulation and are mainly located in intracellular membrane-bound organelles. The results of KEGG analysis showed that the pathways associated with the most enriched chemotherapy resistance-related genes were axon guidance pathway, insulin signaling pathway, and phospholipase D signaling pathway.CONCLUSION: miRNAs are closely related to chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer. Through the researches on miRNAs, we can have a deeper understanding of the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance and provide new ideas for reversing chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer.     

Research progress on underlying mechanism of IgG4-related disease

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is recognized as an autoimmune disease characterized by elevated serum IgG4 level, IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration and storiform fibrosis. The enlargement and dysfunction of affected organs seriously impair the life quality of the patients. However, the underlying mechanism of IgG4-RD is still unknown. It has been reported that the genetic susceptibility, the disorder of innate and adaptive immune responses and the presence of autoantigen play important roles in the development of IgG4-RD. We summarized the recent progress on the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD in order to provide new insights into the search for finding more effective targets and therapeutic strategies.     

Grafting and RNA transport via phloem tissue in horticultural plants

Grafting is a cultivation method that exploits a cooperative relationship between partner plants possessing different genomes. It is most commonly used for the propagation and cultivation of trees, shrubs, and fruit vegetables. In addition, as represented by florigen (flowering hormone) experiments, grafting has been utilized in the field of plant physiology to clarify the mechanism of long-distance transport by which signals arising in organs that perceive an environmental change are transmitted to response organs. Recent analytical technology has revealed that some specific RNA molecules are also transported through phloem tissue as genetic information to execute coordinated organ growth and development. Therefore, it is anticipated that the RNA transport system could be applied for the improvement of cultivars of various horticultural crops, if the mechanism were controllable by artificial means.     

Progress on research of the alternative splicing of human cytochrome P450 pre mRNA

Human genes typically contain multiple introns, and in many cases the exons can be joined more than one way to generate multiple mRNAs, encoding distinct protein isoforms. This process is called alternative splicing. The article summarized the human cytochrome P450 pre mRNA alternative splicing and their regulatory mechanism and impacts on biological functions.     

园艺植物性别决定机制研究进展

性染色体、性别基因、MADS-box转录因子等是植物雌雄个体或器官发育过程中关键的遗传因素。性染色体和性别决定基因是雌雄异株植物性别决定的遗传基础,而性别分化基因在花器官分生组织中选择性表达,调控不同性别花的产生。花发育的ABCDE模型中涉及的基因绝大部分属于MADS-box家族基因。综述了植物性染色体进化机制、园艺植物性染色体类型、性别连锁基因群定位、基因鉴定以及MADS-box家族基因对花器官发育的调控等方面的研究进展,并提出园艺植物性别决定机制研究中需要解决的问题。     

可栽培食用菌子实体发育相关的调控基因研究进展

目前很多珍稀野生食用菌尚不能人工栽培,其子实体的发育机理仍难以解释,在人工驯化过程中,室内栽培转到室外栽培仍具有较大的不可操作性,受到内在因素和环境因素的影响。近年来,关于野生食用菌生长发育相关调控基因的表达情况及功能研究也越来越多。因此,通过分析可栽培食用菌的疏水蛋白编码基因、凝集素编码基因、转录因子编码基因、蛋白激酶编码基因、漆酶基因等几类调控基因的研究进展,可为今后野生食用菌人工栽培及基因操作提供借鉴。     

拟南芥RNA 加工因子的开花调控机制

开花调控是植物生长发育中很重要的过程。拟南芥分子遗传学分析表明，MADS-box 转录因
子FLC、RNA 结合蛋白（FCA、FPA 和FLK）和mRNA 3′ 端加工因子（FY）都参与了这一过程。开花因
子通过抑制FLC 表达来促使植物开花；RNA 结合蛋白通过转录后调控来调节FLC 的表达以调控拟南芥开
花。此外，microRNAs 也参与这一过程。本文通过综述上述几个相关因子的调控过程，来阐述RNA 加工
因子参与的拟南芥开花调控机理。     

Modulation of K+ channels by Ca2+ and pH in regulatory volume decrease

It has been widely appreciated that animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease(RVD) after swell in a hypotonic environment. Activation of K channels is crucial in the process of self-protection. There are a characterized increase in cytoplasmic Ca and a decrease in pH in the process of RVD in many cell types. Ca entry via transient receptor potential(TRP) channel is crucial for the cytoplasmic Ca increase, which in turn induces the decrease in pH.The increase in cytoplasmic Ca and decrease in pH activate or inhibit the activity of K channel, respectively. In this review, the regulatory network at cellular level between cytoplasmic Ca and pH, and the modulation of K channels by Ca and pH in the process of RVD are discussed.     

镉和铅在莲藕各器官中累积规律的研究

以在施有不同浓度镉（Cd）或铅（Pb）的土壤中栽培的莲藕（鄂莲5号）为材料,对Cd和Pb在莲藕各器官中的累积规律进行了研究。结果表明：莲藕各器官Cd,Pb的累积量随外施浓度的增加而增加,但不同器官对Cd、Pb的累积规律不尽相同。Cd和Pb在匍匐茎中积累量最高,当土壤外施Cd浓度低于0.6mg/kg、Pb浓度低于250mg/kg时,藕中的积累量较低,但当添加量超过该浓度时,藕中的积累量则急剧上升。     

菠萝AcSERK1 启动子的转录起始位点及胚性细#br# 胞特异性鉴定

 AcSERK1 是菠萝（Ananas comosus）体细胞胚发生初期特异表达的基因,为探讨其转录调控 规律,对其5′上游调控序列的转录起始位点及启动特性进行了鉴定。采用hiTAIL-PCR 技术从菠萝基因组 DNA 中克隆了AcSERK1 完整的5′上游调控序列,利用5′RACE 技术鉴定出其转录起始位点位于起始密码 子（ATG）上游258 nt（G）处。以AcSERK1 5′上游完整调控序列取代pBI121 中的CaMV 35S 启动子,构 建植物表达载体AcSERK1（–2 090/+258）︰︰GUS,并在菠萝不同组织器官中进行瞬时转化分析,发现AcSERK1 5′上游完整的调控序列（–2 090/+258）能够启动GUS 在胚性细胞中特异性表达,与AcSERK1 表达规律相 同,说明该启动子为胚性细胞特异性启动子,对调控外源基因在体细胞胚早期特异表达有重要意义。     

蝶形花亚科8种槐树的组织培养及再生能力的基因型效应

 对国槐等8种(亚种) 蝶形花亚科植物组织培养再生能力的研究结果表明: 8种槐树叶片的再生能力相差较大, 不定芽分化率由高到低排序为金叶槐( 79.03% ) 、黄金槐( 41.46% ) 、香花槐(36.2% ) 、刺槐(34.2% ) 、黄花槐(25% ) 、国槐(22.7% ) 、四倍体刺槐(21% ) 、红花槐(18% ) ; 愈伤组织诱导率、芽分化率及试管苗的生根率排列次序与叶片芽分化率基本相同。从本试验结果可得出8种槐树基因型对组织培养再生能力具有如下调控效应及特点: 属间、种间及亚种间基因型对培养基种类及植物生长调节剂的要求, 对脱分化与再分化能力的调控, 对不同组织、器官的再生能力的调控均具有同一性;不同基因型、甚至同一基因型的不同组织、器官还具有一定的特异性。