西瓜花叶病毒2号外壳蛋白基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

以郑州地区西瓜花叶病病叶分离物－西瓜花叶病毒２号（２－ＷＭＶ－２）为毒源，从繁殖寄主西葫芦病叶中分离，鉴定了病毒，以病毒基因组ＲＮＡ为模板，逆转录合成ｃＤＮＡ，通过多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ），从ｃＤＮＡ中扩增和克隆了病毒外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因，其中包括３’端非编码区，完成了全部核苷酸序列分析，ＣＰ基因全长１０９９个核苷酸，其中编码区长９０３个核苷酸，编码３０１个氨基酸，３’端非编码区长１９６个核苷酸。     

西瓜花叶病毒2号外壳蛋白基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

以郑州地区西瓜花叶病病叶分离物──西瓜花叶病毒２号（２－ＷＭＶ－）为毒源，从繁殖寄主西葫芦病叶中分离、鉴定了病毒。以病毒基因组ＲＮＡ为模板，逆转录合成ｃＤＮＡ，通过多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ），从ｃＤＮＡ中扩增和克隆了病毒外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因，其中包括３’端非编码区，完成了全部核苷酸序列分析。ＣＰ基因全长１０９９个苷耷酸，其中编码区长９０３个核苷酸，编码３０１个氨基酸，３’端非编码区长１９６个核苷酸。Ｚ－ＷＭＶ－２ＣＰ基因的编码区比Ａ－ＷＭＶ－２，Ｕ－ＷＭＶ－２两株系的ＣＰ基因编码区分别长出６０个核耷酸，多编码２０个氨基酸。与两个株系相比，编码区的核昔酸序列同源性分别为８８．５％和８７．０％，氨基酸序列同源性分别为９０．０％和８８．７％，３，端非编码区的同源性分别为６８．３％和７１．８％。若不考虑Ｚ－ＷＭＶ－２多出的６０个核苷酸及２０个氨基酸，则上述同源性依次为９５．４％、９３．７％、９６．４％、９５．０％、８８．８％和９３．４％。构建了含ＷＭＶ－２ＣＰ基因的大肠杆菌表达载体，经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析，表达出了与天然病毒外壳蛋白分子量相同的蛋白。     

猕猴桃ACC氧化酶cDNA克隆及全序列测定

从‘秦美’猕猴桃（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｄｅｌｉｃｉｏｓａＣ．Ｆ．ＬｉａｎｇｅｔＡ．Ｒ．Ｆｅｒｇｕｓｏｎ．ｃｖ．Ｑｉｎｍｅｉ）呼吸高峰跃变初期的果实中提取总ＲＮＡ，然后纯化得ｍＲＮＡ，用Ｏｌｉｇｏ（ｄＴ）作为引物反转录合成ｃＤＮＡ第一链，以此为模板，用人工合成的寡聚核苷酸作为引物进行扩增，得到大小约０．９５Ｋｂ基因片段，并将其克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－５ｚｆ（＋）载体上。经限制性内切酶图谱分析，组建亚克隆并进行了全序列测定，在其开放读码框架内，由９５７个ｂｐ编码３１９个氨基酸组成，该ｃＤＮＡ与海沃德ＡＣＣ氧化酶ｃＤＮＡ的核苷酸和氨基酸残基同源率分别达９５．０１％和９５．６１％，证明己克隆到完整的秦美猕猴桃ＡＣＣ氧化酶基因编码区。     

桃果实ACC合酶cDNA的克隆

根据其它植物ＡＣＣ合酶氨基酸保守区设计两组简并引物,用套式ＰＣＲ技术从桃成熟果实ｃＤＮＡ中扩增出１．１ｋｂ大小特异性片段,将其克隆至ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体上,对重组克隆ｐＰＡＣＳＩ进行全序列测定表明,插入片段全长１１００个碱基,编码３６６个氨基酸,该基因与番茄、笋瓜、小西葫芦、康乃馨、苹果ＡＣＣ合酶ｃＤＮＡ氨基酸序列同源性分别为７２．７％,７１．３％,７１．１％,６９．１％,６５．４％。ＲＮＡ点杂交表明ｐＰＡＣＳＩ基因随着桃果实成熟表达活性增强,乙烯处理能诱导桃果实该基因的表达。     

哈密瓜ACC氧化酶cDNA克隆及其序列分析

以哈密瓜成熟果实为材料,用改进的异硫氰酸胍一步法提取总ＲＮＡ,通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法和ＤＮＡ序列测定证实获得了甜瓜ＡＣＣ氧化酶多基因家族中一个与果实后熟有关的基因ＣＭ－ＡＣＯ１的ｃＤＮＡ克隆ｐＣＭ－ＡＣ０１,序列分析结果表明该序列与国外以罗马甜瓜为材料获得的相同基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列完全相符。推断该基因在甜瓜种内可能是完全或高度保守的,不同类群之间无进化上的分歧。     

果树R基因同源序列克隆的初步研究

用2对根据已知植物抗病基因(R基因)编码的蛋白质的NBS保守区而设计的特异简并引物,对荔枝、龙眼、芦柑、柚子及银杏的基因组DNA进行体外扩增.其中一对引物(P1/P2)在荔枝、龙眼、芦柑和柚子中获得的扩增产物均表现为一条大小约500bp的明亮谱带,而银杏扩增产物的亮带则在约750bp处,且弥散在400 ～ 1000bp之间.另一对引物在荔枝、龙眼、芦柑和柚子中没有特异扩增带,而在银杏中获得了一条400 ～ 600bp的较亮的宽带.将荔枝、龙眼、芦柑和柚子的500bp特异扩增带以及银杏的400 ～ 600bp条带回收克隆,并分别筛选几类阳性克隆进行测序.共获得15个片段的序列.经比较发现,来自荔枝、龙眼、芦柑和柚子的12个片段均属于NBS-LRR类抗病基因同源序列(RGA),与已知R基因相应区段的氨基酸序列的一致性为15.5% ～ 47.1%;而3个来自银杏的片段均不是RGA,其中1个与反转录酶有较高的同源性,另2个在GeneBank中没有找到同源序列.该结果显示,应用同源扩增技术克隆果树RGA是可行的,但银杏作为古老的裸子植物,其抗病基因的结构与现代物种可能有很大差异.     

龙眼APETALA1(AP1)同源基因的克隆与序列分析

根据植物APETALA1(AP1)同源基因的高度保守性,设计合成一对特异引物,从龙眼基因组DNA中扩增出一条长400bp左右的基因片段,插入到pMD-T载体中。测序后分析表明,扩增得到了龙眼AP1同源基因片段。该片段序列包含两个内含子(长96bp和165bp),编码区编码36个氨基酸。与其它植物AP1同源基因的相应区域氨基酸序列具有较高的同源性,其中与花椰菜AP1基因同源性高达91%,与欧亚种葡萄、苹果、柑橘、枇杷的AP1基因同源性都在80%以上。     

矮牵牛PDS基因的克隆及其在shRNA介导的基因沉默中的应用

以矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)自交系‘Mitchell Diploid’(MD)为材料,通过3′RACE和5′RACE获得了其八氢番茄红素脱氢酶基因(PhPDS)的cDNA序列,进而通过PCR扩增出编码区的基因组序列。分析结果显示,PhPDS的cDNA序列全长2 182 bp,编码区序列1 746 bp,编码582个氨基酸。推测的蛋白质序列具有类胡萝卜素脱氢酶的保守结构域特征。编码区的基因组序列长7 609 bp,结构与番茄和拟南芥等PDS基因相似,具有14个外显子和13个内含子。利用博德研究所的小发夹RNA(shRNA)设计程序设计了两个针对PhPDS的shRNA,构建植物表达载体转化矮牵牛后,从其中一个载体的转化子中获得白色愈伤组织和幼枝,对白色幼枝的RT-PCR检测表明,其PDS基因的cDNA累积量减少,表明shRNA基因沉默技术能在矮牵牛中应用。以PDS基因为靶基因比用花色素合成基因研究基因沉默技术能更快地分析基因沉默的效果,全长序列的获得将有助于PDS基因在矮牵牛基因沉默技术研究中的应用。     

龙眼亚硫酸盐氧化酶(DlSO)基因的克隆及表达分析

【目的】探讨龙眼果实亚硫酸盐氧化酶基因(DlSO)在硫残留生物降解中的作用。【方法】以龙眼总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR结合RACE法获得龙眼亚硫酸盐氧化酶基因全长cDNA序列,命名为DlSO;运用荧光定量PCR对其表达量进行分析;使用ClontechIn-Fusion技术构建原核表达载体,使其在Rosetta(DE3)大肠杆菌中表达。【结果】DlSO序列全长1413bp,包含一个1182bp的开放阅读框,一个长37bp的5’非翻译区序列和194bp的3’非翻译区,预测编码393个氨基酸;同源性和系统进化分析结果均表明DlSO与毛果杨SO亲缘关系最近;荧光定量结果表明,在龙眼不同组织中,DlSO基因都有表达,其中在叶片中表达量最高,其次是花、幼果、根和果肉,在茎和果皮组织中DlSO基因的表达量最低;成功构建pET-32a-DlSO原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导后在Rosetta(DE3)大肠杆菌中成功表达。【结论】克隆了龙眼亚硫酸盐氧化酶基因(DlSO),并且成功构建了pET-32a-DlSO原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导在大肠杆菌中成功表达出融合蛋白,为下一步研究龙眼亚硫酸盐氧化酶的作用奠定了基础。     

茶树菇线粒体中间肽酶基因克隆分析及其在A交配型鉴定中的应用

以茶树菇为研究对象,依据基因组序列,通过长程PCR扩增获得YSG和AC0007菌株线粒体中间肽酶基因(mitochondrial intermediate peptidase encoding gene,mip)。结果表明:该基因与A交配位点连锁,可以其作为A交配位点克隆的靶位点。序列分析发现,该位点的C段编码区高度保守,设计的特异性引物可以在群体中获得mip基因的保守区,另外其N端编码区的变异区域可以为A交配位点鉴定提供特异的靶标,为食用菌遗传及育种研究提供重要的基础。     

Transfection and expression of murine interleukin-12 gene in B16F10 melanoma cells

AIM:To study the expression of murine interleukin-12(mIL-12) gene in B16F10 melanoma cells.METHODS:mIL-12 gene was inserted into pcDNA3.1 eukaryotic expression vector by DNA recombination and then transfected into B16F10 melanoma cells by electroporation. The integration and expression of mIL-12 gene in B16F10 melanoma cells were detected by PCR, RT-PCR and Western blot after positive cell clones had been screened.RESULTS:mIL-12 gene was confirmed to have been transfected and expressed in B16F10 cells on three levels of DNA, mRNA and protein.CONCLUSION:mIL-12 gene can successfully be transfected and expressed in B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro, which lays a foundation for the further investigation of mIL-12 gene tumor vaccine.     

甜椒甘油- 3 - 磷酸酰基转移酶基因的克隆与表达分析

 用RT-PCR技术从甜椒(Capsicum annuum ) 中克隆了甘油- 3 - 磷酸酰基转移酶基因的cDNA序列, 其全长为1 791 bp, 开放阅读框架为1 392 bp, 编码463个氨基酸, 命名为CaGPAT。序列分析表明该基因与番茄中的甘油- 3 - 磷酸酰基转移酶基因同源性最高; 在进化上与番茄最先聚类, 其次是菠菜。Northern杂交结果显示, CaGPAT在甜椒各器官中表达量差异较大, 叶片中的表达量明显高于根、茎、花及果实。低温诱导该基因快速表达, 8℃下处理3 h该基因表达量最高, 12 h以后基因表达量下降; 而高温对基因表达没有明显影响。当温度低于15℃时基因表达被诱导。结果表明甜椒叶绿体CaGPAT的表达量与低温关系密切。     

香蕉WAT1基因的鉴定及表达分析

【目的】基于香蕉基因组数据筛选Walls are thin 1(WAT1)基因,分析它们的序列及表达特性。【方法】以拟南芥WAT1为参考序列,通过本地Blast筛选获得香蕉WAT1基因,分析其核苷酸、启动子及编码蛋白特性,并利用实时定量PCR技术研究其在不同组织部位、不同激素和逆境胁迫处理下的表达情况。【结果】筛选获得5个香蕉WAT1基因(命名为MaWAT1-1~5)。蛋白亚细胞定位预测结果显示,MaWAT1-1、MaWAT1-2、MaWAT1-4主要定位在液泡和细胞膜上,MaWAT1-3主要定位在细胞质和细胞膜,MaWAT1-5定位在细胞膜和叶绿体。基因结构分析和系统进化树分析均将MaWAT1s分为两组,MaWAT1-1、MaWAT1-2、MaWAT1-4聚为一组(含6个外显子和5个内含子),MaWAT1-3和MaWAT1-5归为一组(含7个外显子和6个内含子)。启动子顺式作用元件分析结果显示:MaWAT1s启动子含有大量激素和胁迫响应相关元件。实时定量PCR结果显示,MaWAT1-4在叶片中表达量最高,MaWAT1-1在根和假茎中表达量最高,其余均在根中表达量最高;大多数MaWAT1s的表达受GA3、SA、盐胁迫和干旱等显著诱导,受高温显著抑制,同时部分成员的表达受IAA、ABA、JA、低温、机械损伤和枯萎病影响显著。【结论】MaWAT1s的表达受多种激素和逆境影响显著,可能在香蕉生长发育和抗逆防御反应中发挥着重要作用。     

Gene transfer and expression of recombined human proinsulin in hepatoma cells of rats

AIM:To explore the recombined human proinsulin gene containing glucose reaction element (GLRE) expression in transfected CBRH7919 cells. METHODS:The packaged retrovirus encoding genetically modified human proinsulin PLXSN-(GLRE)3-BP-1MpINS3 and PLXSN-(GLRE)3-BP-1MpINS2 were transfected into CBRH7919 cells. Insulin values in cells after transient and steady expression screened by G418 at different glucose levels were detected. Chromosome DNA was isolated from transfected and untransfected cells and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis. RESULTS:38 h after transfection, at the glucose levels of 0-25 mmol/L, the levels of insulin produced by cells including PLXSN-(GLRE)3-BP-1MpINS3 were (3.57±0.21)U/L, (5.30±0.20)U/L, (16.27±0.87)U/L, (23.23±1.12)U/L, respectively (P<0.05). One month after transfection, under above glucose levels, insulin values were (3.57±0.21)U/L, (5.30±0.20)U/L, (16.27±0.87)U/L, (23.23±1.12)U/L (P<0.05). CBRH7919 cells including PLXSN-(GLRE)3-BP-1MpINS2 secreted detectable insulin value at the level of 25 mmol/L, they were (2.10±0.23)U/L and (2.05±0.17)U/L, respectively. PCR products of transfected cells showed target band, but control cells did not. CONCLUSIONS:Recombined proinsulin gene was transfected successfully in CBRH7919 cells. The cells combined human proinsulin gene has the ability of producing insulin with increase in glucose concentration in vitro.     

我国萝卜分子生物学研究现状与前景展望

概述了分子标记、基因克隆、基因定位、常用分子生物学技术体系优化等在萝卜研究中的应用进展,并对现代分子生物学技术在萝卜遗传改良应用中存在的主要问题和应用前景进行了讨论.     

人胰岛素基因的人工合成及转化银耳的研究

用PCR法合成人胰岛素基因,克隆到pUC18载体上,经测序证实其碱基序列与人胰岛素基因的序列完全一致。本实验还构建了银耳表达载体,由限制性内切酶介导(Restriction enzy me-mediated DNA Integration,REMI)转化银耳芽孢。随机挑取21个抗性菌落,转管繁殖2代后检测其GUS活性,实验结果:18个菌株阳性,3个菌株阴性。从这21个菌株中选取10个菌株,提取染色体DNA,用人胰岛素基因、GUS基因和Tnos序列的特异引物进行PCR,结果表明,这10菌株都能扩增出相应长度的特异片段,证明了它们是人胰岛素基因转化子。     

Synthesis of Human Insulin Gene and Transformation into Tremella fuciformis

A human insulin gene was synthesized using PCR-based methodology, cloned into plasmid pUC18, and the sequence of the inserted fragment was confirmed. A Tremella fuciformis expression vector was constructed and used to transform T. fuciformis yeast-like conidia employing Restriction Enzyme-Mediated DNA Integration (REMI). A total of 21 antibiotic resistant colonies were selected at random of which 18 tested positive for β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity. Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 of the 21 positive transformants and PCR performed using genomic DNA as the template and specific primers for amplifying the human insulin gene, the GUS gene and the Tnos sequence. PCR data showed that the expected fragment was amplified from all 10 isolates demonstrating that they were true human insulin gene transformants.     

The study of cytosine deaminase gene/5-fluorocytosine in tumor gene therapy

Cytosine deaminase (CD) gene is a kind of suicide gene, cytosine deaminase can catalyze the conversion from 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), this combination therapy (CDgene/5-FC) were widely used in cancer therapy. The results of many researches in different cancer cells have demonstrated that it can inhibit tumor growth significantly. The mechanism includes 5-FU’s direct killing tumor cells and its bystander effect. It can also be used as a potential purging method for autologous hematopoietic cells transplantion after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. CD/5-FC combined with other therapies would be an important future research approach.     

介绍1个新的短蔓西瓜基因

对在长蔓西瓜材料5-6y中发现的1株短节间突变体的研究显示,其受制于1对隐形基因。这1新的短蔓突变体(系)暂命名为d5-6y,它既不与已知的dw-1和dw-2等位,也无法与dw-3进行测定,建议将这一新的短蔓基因命名为dw-4。     

Biological characterics of human fetal cord blood mesenchymal stem cells

AIM: To investigate the biological characterics of human second-trimester fetal cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and its application prospects in utero gene transfer/therapy (IUGT). METHODS: Nuclear cells separated from cord blood were cultured in DMEM medium. Surface antigens of the MSC were analyzed by the FACScan flow cytometry. Adipogenic and osteogenic mediums were used to assess the differentiation ability of the cells. Adenovirus vector deliver green fluorescent protein gene (Ad-GFP) was used to transfected the MSC and the expressing of GFP was detected by fluorescent microscope. The MSC were injected into the liver of newborn rat. The immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to determine the presence of double-positive CD105⁺/CD166⁺ cells in different organs of rats. MSC were subcutaneous injected into the human-nonobese diabetes/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID) mice and carcinogenesises of the MSC in vivo were detected by pathological diagnosis. RESULTS: MSC could be separated from fetal cord blood. These cells were uniformly positive for CD29, CD44, CD59, CD105, CD166 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR. The cells had the abilities to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic cells in vitro, expressed the GFP at high levels (56.32%±3.28%). The MSC were located at different organs after injected into the newborn rats and didn't have carcinogenicity in vivo. CONCLUSION: Human second-trimester fetal cord blood MSC is an promising target cells in fetal IUGT.