北方地区茶树菇七种出菇方式的比较试验

针对北方地区茶树菇生产上生物学效率低的问题，通过7种茶树菇出菇方式的试验研究，比较分析了不同出菇方式的产量。结果表明：7种出菇方式间的产量差异性显著。其中直接立袋出菇的3种出菇方式产投比较高，提袋出菇的2种出菇方式品质最好。     

白灵菇定向定量打孔出菇试验初报

通过5种不同出菇方式表明：不同出菇方式对白灵菇的出菇时间、菇形、色泽、大小等均有较大的影响。覆土出菇会延迟出菇时间，且子实体商品性状差，产量最高；不同方式间生物学效率存在较大差异。定向定量打孔出菇方式在提高产品的商品质量和减少劳动量方面具有推广价值。     

定位出菇技术在食用菌栽培中的应用

出菇管理水平是食用菌栽培过程中影响食用菌产量和质量很重要的一个因素.定位出菇是出菇管理阶段的第一个也是最重要的一个环节.以黑木耳、杏鲍菇、滑子蘑、猴头菇、白灵菇等食用菌应用定位出菇技术的方法为典型,阐述了定位出菇技术的优势.     

桑木屑栽培猪肚菇培养基配方筛选试验

选取桑木屑为栽培料,以熟料袋栽方式进行猪肚菇的栽培出菇试验,通过对比分析,探讨利用不同比例的桑木屑栽培猪肚菇的生物学效率和经济效益,筛选出猪肚菇最适桑木屑栽培配方。结果表明,在不同比例的桑木屑配方中,猪肚菇栽培的各配方中子实体生长及生物学效率都较好,配方C表现最好,生物学效率达到79.31%,说明用桑木屑代替阔叶树木屑栽培猪肚菇是完全可行的。由于桑木屑的成本较杂木屑低,而且有利于提高猪肚菇的产量和效益,值得推广应用。     

五种不同出菇方式对白灵菇产量和品质的影响试验初报

采用五种不同形式的出菇方式对白灵菇进行试验研究,结果表明不同处理方式对白灵菇的出菇早晚有较大影响,白灵菇的菇形、色泽、大小等外观表现不同处理间差异明显,不同处理间产量差别相差1倍以上.     

珍稀食用菌杏鲍菇

杏鲍菇是近年驯化栽培成功的食用菌新品种 ,其菇体肥大 ,菌柄洁白似雪 ,脆嫩爽口 ,盖大肉厚 ,香味浓郁似杏仁 ,鲜美如鲍鱼 ,故名杏鲍菇。目前我国南北均有少量栽培 ,产品销往宾馆、饭店 ,售价较高。1　生物学特性杏鲍菇菌丝生长不需光线 ,温度不宜超过32℃ ,以 2 4～ 2 6℃为最适 ,要求空气湿度 6 0 %,培养料含水量 5 5 %～ 6 0 %,pH 6 .0～ 6 .5 ;菇体形成与发育需适量的散射光 (5 0 0～ 10 0 0lx) ,温度以18℃为最佳 ,低于 8℃菇体难以形成 ,高于 2 2℃菇体发黄死亡 ,出菇阶段空气湿度提高到 85 %～90 %,菇体发育阶段降低到 80 %。根据我…     

不同出菇方式对平菇产量和品质的影响

对平菇6种不同出菇方式进行了比较试验。结果表明:不同出菇方式对平菇的出菇时间、菇形、大小等均有较大的影响;覆土栽培会延迟出菇时间,且子实体商品性状差;不同方式间生物学效率存在较大差异。综合分析表明,菌墙式出菇及双向卧式出菇是平菇最理想的出菇方式。     

鸡腿菇栽培技术

鸡腿菇 ,学名毛头鬼伞。其菌肉肥硕 ,肉质洁白 ,细嫩如鸡丝 ,味道甘醇鲜美 ,滑嫩爽口 ,民间历来就有采食习惯 ,并视其为美味佳肴。为了充分利用野生菌类资源 ,开发这一珍稀品种 ,笔者将经多年探索的鸡腿菇人工栽培技术简介如下 :1　生物学特征　鸡腿菇属中偏高温型食用菌。菌丝体生长适温范围 3～ 35℃ ,最适 2 4～ 2 8℃ ;子实体适温范围 8～ 30℃ ,最适 1 6～ 2 4℃。基质最佳含水量 65 %左右 ,出菇期空气相对湿度 85 %～90 % ,需要适量的散射光照和充足的氧气。最适pH值 6 5～ 7 5。菌丝体极抗衰老 ,在常温下 ,存放 6个月后仍能正常出菇…     

香菇“暴发式”出菇栽培技术初探

对香菇"暴发式"出菇技术试验结果表明,杉木屑栽培香菇937两潮菇产量达744g,子实体菌盖直径3cm以下、3~5cm和5cm以上分别占16.36%、67.14%和16.5%。且出菇整齐一致,菇形都较圆正,菌肉较厚,每个菌筒出菇朵数都较均衡。     

茶新菇高产栽培技术

茶新菇营养丰富,肉质脆嫩,口感极佳,产品可鲜销、制罐或干制出口,是一种极有开发潜力的食用菌新品种.我校从1995年开始菌种驯化及栽培试验,并陆续在建阳、建瓯、邵武等县市示范栽培均获得成功.现将主要技术简介如下;1 菌株特性 茶新菇子实体多丛生,菌益直径5～10cm,长3～10cm,表面红褐色至黄褐色,肉质紧实,为中温型菌类,菌丝生长最适温度23～28℃,子实体形成最适温为16～26℃,在偏低温度下生长缓慢,但朵大肉厚品质好.培养料含水量为60%～65%,出菇相对湿度86%～95%.茶新菇菌丝对木质素、纤维素的分解能力较弱,但对氮源的要求较高,最适pH值为5.5～6.5,属好气性菌类,空气不足菌丝生长缓慢,通风不良易造成菌柄粗长、菌盖细小而出现畸形.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.