甘肃陇东苹果树主要病虫害的发生与防治对策

结合广泛的调查和试验,对甘肃省陇东地区苹果园苹果树腐烂病、苹果斑点落叶病、苹果锈病、蚜虫类、害螨等主要病虫害的发生情况进行了调查,并提出了相应的综合防治策略,旨在为陇东乃至西北地区苹果高产栽培实践及科研提供参考。     

新疆阿克苏地区苹果园主要病虫害发生现状调查

新疆阿克苏地区是新疆苹果的主产区,病虫害是阻碍苹果生产的主要因素。调查结果表明,新疆阿克苏地区苹果主要病害有苹果树腐烂病、苹果小叶病和苹果锈果病等,主要害虫有苹果全爪螨、梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾等。库克瓦什林管站地区苹果树腐烂病发生严重,并且出现苹果树腐烂病和苹果小叶病混合发生的现象,严重影响该地区的苹果品质和产量,建议在防治上采取多种措施并用的方法。     

不同培养条件对苹果树腐烂病病菌生长的影响

苹果树腐烂病(Valsa mali)是苹果产区的一种重要枝干病害,辽宁、河北、山东及京津等地危害最为严重。该病主要引起树皮腐烂,轻者枝干残缺,影响产量,重者全株死亡,甚至毁园,对苹果生产造成严重威胁。如何有效防治苹果树腐烂病一直是苹果生产中的重大研究课题,我们研究了不同培养条件对苹果树腐烂病病原菌的影响,旨在为有效防治苹果树腐烂病提供理论依据。1材料和方法1·1试验材料供试菌种来源于河北科技师范学院园艺试验站苹果园,主栽品种为富士,每年苹果树腐烂病均有发生,发病株率为70%~85%。从发病枝条上采病变组织后按常规组织分离法在P…     

苹果腐烂病有效防治方法

<正>苹果树腐烂病是我国北方苹果产区的主要病害,半个多世纪以来,病情几经起伏,造成巨大损失。腐烂病已成为危害我国苹果生产的重大难题,在陕西礼泉腐烂病的发生率为52%,而且呈逐年上升趋势。在腐烂病的防治上主要采取以刮治为主的方法,众多专家各抒其见,果农在认识上不统一、方法不规范、在腐烂病的防治上最终效果不佳。通过在当地对腐烂病3年的防治观察总结,笔者认为苹果树腐烂病并非不治之症,通过运用合理的防治措施完全可以控制腐烂病的发生、危害和蔓延。     

苹果树腐烂病综合防治措施

<正>苹果树腐烂病是一种毁灭性的病害。以往果农在苹果树腐烂病防治中多采用见病治病、病疤治疗的方法,使果园腐烂病越治越重,而运用综合防治方法防治苹果树腐烂病能够达到较好的防治效果,现介绍如下。1加强栽培管理,培育强壮树势增施有机肥,合理搭配氮、磷、钾肥和中微量元素。每生产100kg苹果要施入200kg腐熟有机肥和含量为45%氮磷钾复合肥1~2kg。有机肥要在秋季苹果采收后一次施入,复合肥在开花前、果实膨大期分2次施入。     

浅谈苹果树腐烂病的发生及治理措施

苹果树腐烂病是一种真菌病害,在长势衰老的苹果树上时常发生,对苹果树的生长具有毁灭性的危害。受天气多变异常、病虫害抗逆性增强等诸多因素的影响,苹果树腐烂病的发生程度逐年加重,发生面积也逐年增加,给当地苹果生产构成了严重威胁,给果农增收带来了不利影响。结合苹果生产实际,分析了苹果树腐烂病的发病原因,针对其发病特点,提出了几种行之有效的治理措施,以期为果农防治苹果树腐烂病提供借鉴和参考。     

苹果树腐烂病的发生与防治

苹果腐烂病作为苹果产区较为严重的病害之一,主要发生在结果树上,会造成果园布满病疤,枝干残缺,果树枯死等问题。探究苹果树腐烂病的发生及其防治对策,对提高苹果产量质量,促进果农经济效益实现,推动我国苹果行业的发展显得尤为重要。本文主要分析了苹果树腐烂病的发生与防治。     

云南昭通苹果几种主要病害发生特点及防治对策

云南省昭通市是我国南方重要的苹果生产基地,地处西南高原,具有不同于其他省份的病虫害发生流行特点与规律,病虫害问题严重制约昭通市苹果产业的发展。系统调查了昭通市苹果早期落叶病、苹果白粉病、苹果轮纹病、苹果树腐烂病等4种主要病害,分析其发病成因,重点调查其发生特点,并提出防治策略,旨在指导生产中应用综合防控技术控制苹果病害发生,从而促进昭通市苹果产业健康发展。     

苹果树腐烂病的综合防治

腐烂病是苹果树的主要病害之一,危害严重,对苹果树势和产量威胁极大,必须引起高度重视,加强防治,减少危害。一、腐烂病发生时期及其发生因子1、发生时期:苹果树腐烂病为弱寄生菌,病菌分生孢子由早春树液流动开始全年均     

苹果采果前后的病虫害防治

苹果进入成熟期后,叶部病虫害不再是防治重点,防治重点应变为果实病虫害。防治重点是苹果轮纹病、炭疽病、苹果树腐烂病、蛀果蛾、大青叶蝉等。其主要防治措施:1病害防治苹果轮纹病一般在苹果果实成熟期或贮期30天内达到发病高峰;苹果炭疽病一般在果实生长后期为     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量