唐菖蒲鲜切花保鲜剂的研究

对唐菖蒲(Gladiodusgandavensis)切花保鲜剂及其浓度进行筛选试验,从处理后瓶插寿命、水分平衡值、鲜重变化及观赏值等指标综合考虑,700 mg/L(毫克/升)的柠檬酸、250 mg/L(毫克/升)的硫酸铝和500 mg/L(毫克/升)的8-HQ(8-羟基喹啉)有最佳的处理效果.硝酸银溶液使切花花茎基部褐化,不宜作唐菖蒲切花保鲜剂.     

不同保鲜剂对非洲菊切花保鲜效果的影响

用蔗糖、硝酸钙、硫酸铝、乙醇等配制的2种不同配方的保鲜剂和新高脂膜对非洲菊切花进行瓶插试验,通过外部形态观察和各项指标测定,处理A试剂1(配方为:2%蔗糖+0.5%乙醇+1g/m L硝酸钙)最不利于非洲菊切花的保鲜,它反而加快了切花花径展开和丙二醛含量上升的速度,加速了切花衰老;处理B试剂2(配方为:2%Suc+200mg/L8-HQC+150mg/L AL2(SO4)3+蒸馏水)对非洲菊切花的保鲜效果最好,它显著地延长了瓶插寿命,增加了鲜重,推迟了切花鲜重和水分平衡值的下降速度,使花茎坚韧,明显提高了观赏价值;处理C(配方为:新高脂膜稀释100倍液)也有较好的保鲜效果,它有利于增加花重,增大花径,延缓丙二醛含量、电导率的上升和切花水分平衡值降为负值的时间,延缓切花衰老。     

多效唑对试管薯诱导的影响研究

以马铃薯延薯4号脱毒试管苗为试验材料进行试管薯诱导的研究,利用液体MS培养基+蔗糖8%0.5mg/L+6-BA+不同浓度的PP33（0.05mg/L、0.10mg/L、0.15mg/L、0.20mg/L）方法,进行试管薯诱导的形成研究。结果表明在蔗糖8%+0.5mg/L6-BA+0.15mg/LPP33诱导效果最好,不但促进延薯4号试管薯提早结薯,而且使单瓶试管薯鲜重﹑平均直径和单薯鲜重显著增加。     

玉米秸秆型基质对唐菖蒲子球生理生化指标的影响

以唐菖蒲栽培品种"粉友谊"为试材,研究不同配比的玉米秸秆型基质对唐菖蒲种球在生长发育过程中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、淀粉、蔗糖含量及地下鲜重的影响。结果表明:腐熟玉米秸秆∶蛭石=6∶4的处理最适合唐菖蒲子球的膨大。     

几种试剂组合对菊花切花保鲜效果的影响

以菊花鲜切花为试材,以蔗糖、CaCl2、水杨酸、柠檬酸、明矾不同组合液为保鲜剂,研究了不同试剂组合对菊花切花保鲜效果的影响.结果表明:加入不同组合试剂均可不同程度地推迟菊花最大花径开放时间,改善切花体内水分平衡,保持切花鲜重,显著延长切花瓶插寿命.其中试剂组合100mg/L明矾+50 mg/L柠檬酸+75mg/L水杨酸+2 g/L CaCl2+4％蔗糖和100 mg/L明矾+50 mg/L柠檬酸+2 g/L CaCl2+4％蔗糖不仅对增加切花鲜重效果显著,又明显延缓了水分平衡负值的出现,能较好地维持切花鲜重,明显延长菊花切花寿命.无蔗糖的处理100 mg/L明矾+50mg/L柠檬酸+75 mg/L水杨酸+2 g/L CaCl2虽然含有无机盐和有机酸,但缺少能源物质,保鲜效果明显下降.     

脂氧合酶对唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大的影响

为探讨脂氧合酶(LOX-1)对唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大的影响,以'Rose Supreme'和'Advanced Red'两个品种为试材,研究了籽球的生长发育与LOX-1活性,内源茉梨酸甲酯(MJ)、蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素含量变化之间的关系。结果表明,唐菖蒲叶片中测不到LOX-1活性,匍匐茎中LOX-1活性和内源MJ含量最高,籽球数量较多的品种'Rose Supreme'LOX-1活性和MJ含量显著高于'Advanced Red',说明LOX-1在唐菖蒲籽球形成和膨大过程中起着重要作用,其作用途径可能是通过影响茉莉酸类化合物(JAs)的生物合成对籽球的发生和生长进行调控。在唐菖蒲籽球生长发育过程中,新球和籽球中蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素含量都不同程度升高,并且与LOX-1活性呈正相关,说明蔗糖、淀粉和纤维素对唐菖蒲新球和籽球的形成和膨大起着重要作用。     

三种抗生素对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应研究

通过对唐菖蒲切花鲜重变化率、水分平衡值、瓶插寿命及观赏品质的测定,研究了不同浓度的链霉素、青霉素、灰黄霉素3种抗生素对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应。结果表明：较高浓度的链霉素和青霉素处理能延长切花寿命,促进切花吸水,增加切花鲜样质量,提高切花观赏品质,以200 mg/L链霉素处理对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效果最佳。而较高浓度灰黄霉素处理对切花保鲜有负效果。     

硫酸铝代替硝酸银对百合切花保鲜效果的研究

采用4种不同浓度的Al2(SO43)处理百合切花,对百合切花的形态指标(花径和鲜重)与生理指标(CAT活性)进行测定及瓶插寿命的统计,并对测量结果进行分析。结果表明:经过各种保鲜剂处理后的切花与蒸馏水处理的切花相比,均能不同程度的延缓百合切花的衰老,其中处理3(P3)(20g/L蔗糖+200mg/L 8-羟基喹啉+60mg/L Al2(SO43))效果最好,对增大花径、维持水分平衡、增加CAT活性等方面均优于其它处理。     

水杨酸和6-BA对非洲菊切花保鲜的研究

用含有水杨酸和6-BA的保鲜液对非洲菊切花保鲜效果及其水分平衡值、膜的相对透性、过氧化物酶的活性以及游离脯氨酸的含量进行了研究.结果表明:水杨酸可以代替8-羟基喹啉做为保鲜液的基本成分;含有20～70 mg/L 6-BA的处理均能延长非洲菊切花的瓶插寿命,增加花枝鲜重,增大花径、花长;改善切花的水分状况,降低花瓣膜相对透性,降低脯氨酸含量,增加过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,其中处理T1:2%蔗糖 50 mg/L水杨酸 20 mg/L 6-BA效果最佳.     

不同瓶插液配方对月季切花保鲜效果的影响

以切花月季为试材,采用不同瓶插液配方对切花月季花枝进行处理,研究了不同瓶插液对月季瓶插寿命、花径变化、鲜重变化、水分平衡及观赏值等因子的影响。结果表明:4%蔗糖+150mg/L 8-HQC+100mg/L氯化钙(处理5)的保鲜效果最佳。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.