中国主要果树气象灾害指标研究进展

果树产业是我国广大农村农业经济收入的一项重要来源,对提高当地人民生活水平,促进当地农业经济发展具有重要意义。笔者采用分类归纳法,对我国现有主要果树气象灾害指标进行分类总结和系统阐述。从果树气象灾害指标基本概念出发,对果树气象灾害指标进行分类;分北方和南方两大区域,按照各自主要果树的气象灾害种类,综述了我国目前已有果树气象灾害指标,评述了各类指标的优缺点及适用性;从指标构成、指标构建方法、涉及果树种类、产业发展需求、创新的技术方法等方面,讨论了果树气象灾害指标研究存在的问题和未来发展方向,以期为我国主要果树的品种布局、产业优化、防灾减灾等提供信息参考,为我国果树产业健康、稳定、可持续发展提供科学保障。     

黄瓜低温弱光耐受性研究进展

对近年来与黄瓜低温弱光耐性有关的形态指标、生理生化指标、低温弱光对黄瓜光合代谢的影响以及相关指标遗传的研究进行了综述,并指出了存在的主要问题和研究方向。     

对环境友好型小区景观设计的几点思考

针对环境友好型小区景观建设的绿化指标、地面保水指标、节水指标以及污水、垃圾处理指标,指出了环境友好型小区景观设计应以植物材料的设计为基础,有效进行垃圾分类和有机垃圾的再利用,建立集雨园,进行地表覆盖、特种绿地的绿化,建立乔灌草的复层立体绿化模式替代单一的草坪绿化模式,同时倡导室内绿化。     

屋顶绿化适建性评估指标体系的构建

建筑屋顶增建屋顶绿化,需从科学、安全的角度出发进行建筑屋顶绿化适建性评估。现研究了建筑属性、屋顶属性、坐落位置3个方面对建筑屋顶绿化适建性的影响,提取了建筑年代、建筑结构、屋顶设计承载力、建筑高度、屋顶归属、屋顶被遮面积、其它占用面积、屋顶坡度、建筑坐落位置9个指标作为已建建筑屋顶绿化适建性评估指标,除建筑坐落位置、屋顶归属外,其余的7个指标为限制性指标,并通过AHP方法确定各个指标的权重,为开展后续的屋顶绿化评估工作奠定了重要的基础。     

加工番茄主要品质性状的遗传变异分析

番茄果实可溶形固形物含量、pH值、相对粘度值、番茄红素含量等4个品质指标,对于番茄酱加工产品率及产品品质具有重要影响.以番茄制酱专用品种为研究对象,对这4个品质指标进行数值测定,采用方差分析法估算了各指标的遗传参数,计算了指标间的相关性.在此基础上,对我国加工番茄的品质现状加以讨论,并为加工番茄品质育种提供参考意见.     

苹果汁品质评价方法研究进展

苹果汁是我国苹果产业的主要加工产品,因其营养丰富、风味独特受到广大消费者的喜爱,准确快速评价苹果汁品质对苹果汁的加工、储藏、流通和贸易具有重要指导意义。本文对不同的苹果汁产品的感官评价语言与方法进行了综述,分析了加工品质指标、感官品质指标和理化与营养品质指标的仪器测定方法与最新研究进展,品质评价指标筛选方法及综合评价方法,以期为不同苹果汁产品评价体系的建立提供参考。     

番茄弱光耐受性研究进展

对近年来与番茄弱光耐受性有关的形态指标、生理生化指标、光合代谢指标以及相关指标遗传的研究进行了综述，指出了存在的主要问题，对今后工作提出了建议。     

苹果郁闭园的成因及改造策略探讨

介绍了郁闭的概念和指标,指出在果树生产中如果生硬套用林业上郁闭度的指标,明显不妥。提出了果树郁闭园的指标,分析了郁闭园形成的原因,提出了针对不同的指标进行郁闭园改造的策略。     

沈阳地区月季品种抗寒性的研究

通过测定不同月季品种的生理指标和大田直接选择法,研究了沈阳地区主要月季品种的抗寒性差异和抗寒生理指标。结果表明,4号抗寒性最强、1号抗寒性强,2号较强,3号最差。SOD活性和相对电导率可作为评价月季抗寒性强弱的生理指标,脯氨酸含量可作为辅助指标,茎皮含水量不能作为抗寒性强弱的生理指标。     

食用菌菌种质量检测方法的研究

本文对香菇的形态、生理指标和栽培指标进行了深入的研究,提出了菌种中脱氢酶的含量与子实体产量成正相关的结论,可以作为鉴定菌种质?量优劣的生理生化指标。此结论国内外文献中未报导。     

盐胁迫对几种叶菜生理生化指标的影响

以油菜、生菜、茼蒿的种子为试材,采用室内营养液栽培的方法,分别研究了0、40、80、120 mmol/L NaCl、KCl胁迫下对其生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:在NaCl、KCl胁迫下,随处理浓度的增加,油菜的SOD活性是先升后降,生菜与茼蒿的SOD活性均呈先降后升;POD活性茼蒿是先升后降,油菜与生菜均呈先降后升;MDA活性油菜呈先升后降,生菜呈先降后升.     

Fibrinolytic activity and its mechanisms in various leukemic cell lines

AIM:To study the relation between expression of uPAR and annexinⅡ and fibrinolytic activity in various leukemic cell lines. METHODS:The plasma activity was measured under the reaction between cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji and plaminogen by chromogenic assay. The protein expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji were detected by flow cytometry method. The mRNA expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:The plasma activity in SHI-1 cells and NB4 cells were higher obviously than that in Raji, K562 and Jurkat cells. The protein expression ratio of uPAR and annexinⅡ in NB4 cells were (13.15±1.61)% and (95.97±1.19)%， respectively, they were (99.00±0.26)%, (90.35±2.15)% respectively in SHI-1 cells, and they were lower in K562, Jurkat, Raji cells. The expression of annexinⅡ mRNA in NB4 cells was higher than that in SHI-1 cells, and they were undectectable in K562 and Jurkat cells. The expression of uPAR mRNA in NB4 and SHI-1 cells were higher than that in Jurkat and K562 cells. The expression of uPAR mRNA in Raji cells was undectectable. CONCLUSION:The primary hyperfibrinolysis in leucocythemia cells was observed, and relation was closely with the expression of annexinⅡ. It might be the main reason for bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia.     

卫河四标段植物应用调查与评析

在景观营造中,科学地选择园林植物并对其进行合理的配置是直接影响工程质量和景观效果的主要因素。为了解河南新乡卫河绿化后的景观效果,对卫河四标段进行了实地调查和分析。结果表明:四标段现有乔灌木及地被种类26科39属51种,其中常绿种类21种,占41.18%;落叶种类为30种,占58.82%。树种结构因子中乔灌比为0.74,常绿比为0.42,树木密度为10.97m2/株;乔木密度25.81m2/株、灌木密度19.07m2/株。群落结构以乔灌草为主,其次是乔草和灌草。     

大樱桃露地栽培管理措施

大樱桃成熟期早、酸甜适口、营养丰富,深受消费者青睐。迁安市大樱桃栽培发展较快,但大樱桃对立地条件要求较高,极性生长强且顶端优势明显,加之果农疏于管理,导致大樱桃树冠徒长、难以如期开花结果。鉴于大樱桃怕旱、怕涝、怕风、怕黏、怕盐、怕碱,极性生长强,顶端优势明显,以及树体高大难以开花结果等特点,本文从大樱桃露地栽培园地的选择、规划整地、品种和苗木的选择、苗木的栽植、整形修剪、肥水管理、花期管理和病虫害防治等方面分析了大樱桃露地栽培技术,以期提高大樱桃种植的产量、质量和经济效益。     

有机废料生态肥还田对温室土壤环境质量及番茄品质和效益的影响

为了解决张掖地区温室蔬菜因长期施用化肥而品质下降的问题,在连续8年种植蔬菜的温室内进行有机废料生态肥还田对土壤环境质量及番茄品质和效益影响的研究.结果表明:随着有机废料生态肥施用量的增加,番茄产量在递增,而每千克肥料增产量和肥料投资效率在递减.有机废料生态肥施肥量为50.00 t/h m2时,施肥利润达到最大值;有机废...     

Homeowner perceptions,knowledge, and decision making regarding residential trees and natural areas in a Midwestern U.S. suburb

Residential properties in the United States represent a considerable amount of land area and contain substantial tree cover. Homeowners are important decision makers in the management of city trees because they influence the structure of urban forests, and ultimately, ecosystem service potential. To better understand the perceptions, knowledge, and practices of homeowners regarding residential tree preservation, we surveyed owners of newer versus older homes in a midwestern suburb in the United States. We found that newer homeowners were younger, wealthier, and less knowledgeable about the natural aspects of their property. During the redevelopment process, they relied on professionals to make major decisions regarding tree preservation. In contrast, owners of older homes often identified as retirees and gardeners, had more knowledge of the natural aspects of their property, and were more likely to hire an arborist. Regardless of these differences, both homeowner groups expressed equal appreciation for nature, planted, pruned, and mulched their trees, experienced tree loss, hired landscaping and tree care professionals, and communicated with the City’s Forestry Section. The results of our study further clarify the role that homeowners play in decision-making during development and highlight the important relationships that exist between homeowners and urban forest professionals.     

Mechanism of mesenteric lymph duct ligation against the renal insufficiency in hemorrhagic shock rats

AIM: To observe the effect of mesenteric lymph duct ligation on free radical and inflammatory mediator in serious hemorrhagic shock rats at different periods, and explore the mechanism of intestinal lymphatic pathway on renal insufficiency. METHODS: 78 male Wistar rats were divided into the sham group, shock group, and ligation group. The model of serious hemorrhagic shock was established in shock group, ligation group, and mesenteric lymph was blocked by ligating mesenteric lymph duct in ligation group after resuscitating. All rats were executed and kidneys were taken out for making homogenate of 10 percent to determine levels of MDA, SOD, NO, NOS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) at time points after shock 90 min, after transfusion and resuscitate 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in kindey was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The contents of MDA, NO, NOS, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO and iNOS expressions in renal homogenate of shock group were increased after transfusion and resuscitation, and were higher at 6 h and 12 h, and was significantly higher than that in sham group. The acvitity of SOD was significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The contents of MDA, NO, NOS, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO and iNOS expression in renal homogenate of ligation group after transfusion and resuscitation 6 h, 12 h and 24 h were significantly lower than those in shock group at same points, and the SOD activity was higher (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the ligation of mesenteric lymph duct can antagonise the development of renal failure in serious hemorrhagic shock rats, and its mechanism might relate to reduce the PMN sequestration, decrease the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, inhibit NO production and expression of iNOS mRNA, suppress the release of free radical and consumption of SOD.     

草莓品种对蚜虫的抗性机制

为探讨草莓品种对蚜虫的抗性机理,以5个常规草莓品种为试材,通过调查、测定大棚内蚜虫自然发生动态和室内人工接虫后种群变化,并对草莓叶片的形态学和生理学特性与抗蚜性的关系进行了分析。结果表明章姬对蚜虫高感,丰香感,卡姆罗莎和吐德拉抗,弗吉尼亚高抗。草莓品种对蚜虫抗性与叶片背面的茸毛密度成正相关,与气孔密度呈显著负相关;与叶片的木质素含量成正比;与酚类物质含量无显著关系,与总游离氨基酸、可溶性固形物含量和水分含量无明显的线性关系。但草莓对蚜虫的抗性程度与叶片中脯氨酸、缬氨酸和胱氨酸的含量有关,特别是缬氨酸和胱氨酸在感蚜品种中的含量是抗蚜品种中的2～3倍。     

‘赤霞珠’‘梅鹿辄’和‘品丽珠’不同营养系果实与葡萄酒挥发性香气成分分析

【目的】为发挥酿酒品种‘赤霞珠’‘梅露辄’和‘品丽珠’不同营养系的优点,筛选香气优良的营养系。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术分析了3个品种共11个营养系成熟果实和葡萄酒中挥发性香气成分。【结果】果实、葡萄酒中香气成分种类分别在64~99种、105~121种,相应的果实与葡萄酒共有成分在60~88种,分为中短链脂肪酸、乙醇酯、醇类、乙酸酯、醛类、单萜和降异戊二烯类、其他7类。除‘赤霞珠’685醇类、191醛类,其余营养系葡萄酒中每类香气浓度均高于果实。果实和葡萄酒中超过阈值的香气成分分别有5种和15种,但不同品种或同一品种不同营养系同一香气气味活性值(OAV值)不同,从而导致其香气特征的差异。‘赤霞珠’685、169和‘梅鹿辄’348果实中苯乙醛、β-大马士酮OAV值高于其他营养系,与花香、甜香味OAV值最大一致;170果实中2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪(IBMP)OAV值显著高于191,与其植物味OAV值最高一致,且TDNOAV值最高,与其化学味OAV值最高一致。‘品丽珠’c214果实中IBMP>327>409,赋予c214植物味OAV值>327>409,3个营养系中苯乙醛、β-大马士酮OAV值趋势与焦糖味、花香味一致。与其他营养系相比,‘赤霞珠’170、338葡萄酒中较高的己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、苯乙醛和β-大马士酮赋予酒较高的水果味、花香味;‘梅鹿辄’181葡萄酒中较高的辛酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯赋予酒较高的水果味、花香味;‘品丽珠’c214中己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯OAV值最高,与酒水果味OAV值最高一致,327中IBMP和癸醛OAV值较高,赋予酒植物味高于c214。【结论】根据果实香气特征,‘赤霞珠’685、169、‘品丽珠’327和‘梅鹿辄’348相对较好,根据葡萄酒香气特征‘赤霞珠’338、170、‘梅鹿辄’181和‘品丽珠’409较好。根据其香气特点及市场需要,可进行营养系筛选或酿造工艺改良。     

低温胁迫对3个红掌品种叶片形态和生理特性的影响

 以‘阿拉巴马’、‘大哥大’和‘粉冠军’3个红掌品种为试材,研究了低温胁迫对其叶片形态、叶片相对电导率（REC）、丙二醛（MDA）含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。结果表明：6 ℃低温胁迫48 h后,‘阿拉巴马’新叶颜色稍有变红,基本没有冷害症状;‘粉冠军’冷害表现最重,温度回升后叶片大量枯死,导致整株死亡;‘大哥大’冷害表现居中,新叶萎蔫。在低温胁迫下,‘阿拉巴马’电解质渗透率缓慢升高,MDA含量增加,CAT、POD和SOD活性均较高,且CAT活性持续上升,POD活性先下降后上升并趋于稳定,SOD活性较稳定,随着CAT活性的增强和POD、SOD酶活性的稳定,在低温胁迫36 h后,电解质渗透率和MDA含量开始下降;而‘大哥大’和‘粉冠军’在低温胁迫12 h后电解质渗透率和MDA含量明显增加,SOD活性开始下降,低温胁迫24 h后CAT活性开始下降,POD活性急剧上升。从形态和生理指标综合来说,3个品种的抗寒性以‘阿拉巴马’最强,‘大哥大’次之,‘粉冠军’最差。