茯苓栽培技术研究

分别以段木、树桩、残料、袋料、锯末、松针为栽培材料,以段木为栽培材料考虑露天栽培、温室栽培、灯台树与茯苓套种3种栽培环境,分别对茯苓的栽培材料和栽培环境进行研究。结果表明,单产量:树桩栽培>段木栽培>袋料栽培>残料栽培>锯末栽培(栽培材料),温室>露天>树荫下(栽培环境);生物学效率:段木栽培>树桩栽培>袋料栽培>锯末栽培>残料栽培(栽培材料),温室>露天>树荫下(栽培环境)。     

不同栽培模式对草莓生长发育的影响

以草莓品种红颜为试材,在日光温室中进行土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培3种方式的促成栽培,比较不同栽培模式对草莓生长发育以及产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明:半基质栽培和高架栽培的缓苗速度明显比土壤栽培快。在物候期方面,半基质栽培草莓的初果期和盛果期均为最早,土壤栽培最晚。草莓植株长势由强到弱依次为高架栽培、半基质栽培、土壤栽培。土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培春节前每667 m~2产量分别为461.40、587.20、506.80 kg,总产量分别为1 873.96、1 873.43、1 919.42 kg。土壤栽培的草莓果实糖酸比、16种氨基酸总量、VC含量均最高,高架栽培最低。土壤栽培、半基质栽培和高架栽培每667 m~2总收入分别为51 321.20、55 084.60、53 592.40元,纯利润分别为12 276.95、18 149.42、13 523.73元,投入产出比分别为1∶1.31、1∶1.49、1∶1.34。综上所述,在日光温室促成栽培草莓时,采用半基质栽培模式早期产量高,经济效益最好;高架栽培模式总产量最高;土壤栽培模式品质最好。     

设施条件下不同黄沙栽培模式对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

以番茄品种"富勒"为试材,设置4种不同的栽培模式,测定了不同栽培模式下番茄的生长指标、产量、品质指标,研究了设施黄沙栽培条件下不同栽培模式对番茄生长、产量、品质以及番茄根际温度的影响,以期为沙漠地区沙质土壤栽培提供参考依据.结果表明:无纺布种植袋栽培模式根部温度变化幅度最大,土壤平作栽培最小;黄沙垄作栽培模式下番茄根最长,土壤栽培最短;番茄株高、茎粗在土壤栽培下较黄沙栽培模式下大;667 m2产量、单果质量和株产量不同栽培模式下土壤平作最高,其次是黄沙垄作栽培、黄沙平作栽培、无纺布基质袋栽培;番茄果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量均表现为无纺布基质袋栽培模式最高,土壤栽培模式最低.     

水生蔬菜答农民问(43):水芹主要栽培技术有哪些?

水芹[Oenanthe javanica(Blume)DC.]的栽培模式和栽培方式在《水生蔬菜答农民问》之40,41及42[1?3]中进行了介绍。水芹不仅栽培模式丰富,栽培方式多样,而且栽培技术也极具地区特色。其中,基本的栽培方式为无性繁殖种苗露地水田土壤越冬青芹栽培,在此基础上演化出其他栽培方式,如有性繁殖种苗栽培、设施栽培、越夏栽培、湿润栽培(旱地栽培)、浮水栽培、软化栽培、人工培植基质栽培及水培等。这里主要介绍无性繁殖种苗露地水田土壤越冬青芹栽培基础内容及常见的重栽(深栽)软化栽培。同时,为了促进有性繁殖技术在水芹生产中的应用,对有性种子育苗和有性种子留种方面的试验研究结果亦予以较为详细的介绍。     

大球盖菇栽培模式比较试验

对大球盖菇层架式栽培、畦式栽培、地坑式栽培3种栽培模式对比试验。结果表明,地坑式栽培明显优于层架式栽培和畦式栽培。地坑式生料栽培的生物学效率达59.2%、出菇产量14.8 kg/m2、净收入111.5元/m2、投入产出比1∶4.0,其生物学效率分别比层架式生料栽培和畦式生料栽培高出12.2%和26.1%,净收入分别比层架式栽培生料和畦式生料栽培提高了12.4%和26.4%;地坑式熟料栽培的生物学效率达185.5%、产量17.8 kg/m2、净收入119.3元/m2、投入产出比1∶3.0,其生物学效率分别比层架式熟料栽培和畦式熟料栽培高出11.3%和18.7%,净收入分别比层架式熟料栽培和畦式熟料栽培提高了8.1%和15.2%。     

草菇熟料高产栽培模式试验初报

试验分别设自然栽培季节和反季节脱袋"长城形"畦式栽培、脱袋覆土栽培、熟料压块栽培和熟料床式栽培各4种栽培模式,用生物统计的方法从中选择出自然栽培季节最佳的栽培模式为熟料床栽模式;在反季节栽培中则以"长城形"畦式栽培模式的产量较高。     

杏鲍菇标准化栽培技术规程

1范围本标准规定了杏鲍菇栽培场所、栽培原料、栽培方式和季节、菌种制作、栽培管理和采收等技术。本标准适用于杏鲍菇管棚和室内塑料袋栽培。2栽培场所干净、通风、保温保湿管棚和室内的栽培房均可。3栽培原料选择新鲜、无霉变、无杂质的木屑、棉籽壳等作主料。辅料可添加麸皮、玉米粉、碳酸钙、白糖、石膏粉等。     

草莓无土栽培模式与营养供给

介绍了目前草莓在生产上运用比较广泛的无土栽培模式,如基质栽培模式的高架槽式栽培、基质袋式栽培、立柱式栽培及盆栽方式,水培模式的管道化栽培方式,气雾栽培模式的人字形、拱棚式、立柱式栽培方式;强调了栽培基质与营养液的配制直接影响草莓的营养供给,并总结了栽培基质与营养液的适用配方与调控技术。     

荷花栽培技术研究进展

基于我国荷花栽培技术的研究进展,针对当前荷花栽培技术研究存在的问题进行分析,阐述了荷花的引种栽培、分藕栽培、无土栽培、促成栽培、反季节栽培、化控栽培和组织培养技术,为荷花的标准化栽培与产业化发展提供理论参考。     

华北地区菜用甜瓜栽培现状及潜力品种推荐

华北地区菜用甜瓜栽培形式有暖棚越冬栽培、冷棚早熟栽培、露地栽培和秋延后栽培等,早春保护地栽培经济效益较好,栽培面积有逐年增加的趋势;应根据栽培模式选择合适的品种,可供选择品种有:八棱脆、红瓤酥、过路白、白皮棱子酥瓜、一串铃梢瓜等。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.