江西三清山珍稀濒危植物地理成分分析

基于野外调查和相关文献资料整理,依据IUCN和国内有关珍稀濒危植物评估标准,对三清山国家和地方两级珍稀濒危植物地理成分进行统计分析,并与邻近的黄山、武夷山、天目山和庐山的珍稀濒危植物地理成分进行比较。结果表明:三清山珍稀濒危植物有128种,隶属于43科96属,分别占江西省珍稀濒危植物种、科、属总数的61.84%、75.44%、75%。三清山珍稀濒危植物区系具有种类组成丰富、生活型多样、地理成分复杂和特有成分显著等特点,集中了丰富的中国特有成分及大量原始的温带属和众多的古老孑遗植物,是我国第三纪植物区系的重要"避难所"。与毗邻山地珍稀濒危植物地理成分相似性分析结果表明,5山地植物区系关系较密切,但三清山与黄山植物区系关系最密切,与武夷山植物区系关系最疏远。     

福建汀江源自然保护区种子植物区系研究

【目的】为该保护区生物多样性及闽西常绿阔叶林的保护提供科学依据。【方法】在实地调查和文献资料查阅的基础上,利用区系地理学原理,统计分析汀江源自然保护区种子植物区系组成和分布区类型,比较其与周边相邻3个自然保护区的种子植物区系的相似性。【结果】1)汀江源自然保护区共有野生种子植物147科599属1 237种,珍稀濒危和特有物种有63种。2)种子植物区系表征科是壳斗科、冬青科、紫金牛科、五加科、樟科和山茶科。3)种子植物区系属数的R/T值1.45,高于武夷山的R/T值(1.10),而低于梁野山的R/T值(1.66)和虎伯寮的R/T值(2.68)。4)与梁野山、武夷山、虎伯寮3个自然保护区相似性比较,在科级水平上相似性极高,均大于90%;在属级和种级水平上,与梁野山的相似性系数最高,分别是76.76%和61.86%。【结论】汀江源自然保护区植物种类丰富,珍稀濒危和特有物种较多;大科、大属优势现象明显,少种科、少种属数量占优势,区系分化较大,体现科属水平的多样性;区系地理成分复杂,联系广泛,起源古老,热带性质明显;在地理亲缘关系上该保护区种子植物区系与梁野山的联系最为密切,与虎伯寮的和武夷山的联系较为疏远,与其地处武夷山脉南段延伸支脉区域的地理位置相符合,具有从南亚热带向中亚热带过渡的明显特点。     

湖北省十堰地区种子植物区系研究

笔者统计分析了湖北省十堰地区种子植物区系。本区物种多样性较为丰富,共有野生种子植物162科836属2652种,地理成分复杂。分析表明:本区系具有明显的温带性质,同时具有较多的热带成分,表现出过渡性的特点;本区系中国特有属较多,珍稀濒危植物丰富。与湖北省的神农架、七姊妹山和陕西省太白山3个邻近的植物区系相比,与神农架植物区系的相似性较大。     

江西珍稀濒危植物的地理分布差异

以江西省三清山、武夷山、井冈山、南岭和庐山的维管束植物名录为基础,依据《中国珍稀濒危保护植物名录》、《中国物种红色名录》、《IUCN濒危物种红色名录》、《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》和《江西省重点保护野生植物名录》,统计5个山地的野生珍稀濒危植物作为江西省珍稀濒危植物,对种类组成、地理成分及空间分布进行分析。结果表明:江西珍稀濒危植物有78科、208属、422种。物种丰度指数是西部井冈山南部南岭东部武夷山和三清山北部庐山;保护等级是国家保护植物主要集中于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级或易危、近危(低危)物种,地方保护植物集中在Ⅰ级、Ⅲ级,Ⅱ级占有较大比例。科水平上武夷山与南岭最相似,属和种水平上三清山与武夷山最相似。东西部地理成分差异较小,南北部差异较大。东部、北部植物区系地理成分偏向温带;西部、南部偏向热带。垂直分布主要集中在常绿林和常绿与落叶阔叶混交林中。井冈山、武夷山和南岭地区的兰科植物区系丰富,地理成分复杂,植物定名的原始标本多样,可成为江西省重点保护植物分布的热点地区或关键地区。     

四川毛寨自然保护区种子植物区系特征

通过对四川毛寨自然保护区内种子植物的调查及其科、属的分布区类型统计,得出区内种子植物具有如下区系特征:①区系成分较为复杂,种类丰富;②优势科明显,种子植物起源古老;③保护区内种子植物区系具温带性质;④植物区系过渡性明显;⑤中国特有种丰富;⑥珍稀濒危和保护植物丰富.     

四川省湿地种子植物多样性及区系研究

根据四川省2011-2012年第二次湿地资源调查结果,对四川省湿地种子植物区系进行分析。结果表明,四川省现有湿地种子植物948种,隶属80科334属(裸子植物1科2属2种,被子植物79科332属946种),其中国家重点保护野生植物6种,珍稀濒危植物5种。湿地种子植物中大科、大属的优势现象明显,区系较为古老,特有属较少。从分布区类型看,科级水平上有8个类型、6个亚型,其中世界分布种数最多,泛热带成分次之,表现出较强的热带性质;属级水平上有14个类型、8个亚型,以温带区系成分为主,北温带分布及其亚型地位突出,表现出典型的温带性质;温带成分略多于热带成分,中国-喜马拉雅成分占较大比重,说明四川省湿地种子植物的分布受青藏高原隆升所形成的亚热带山地气候影响较大,从热带向温带过渡的区系特点;同时中国-日本成分比重也较大,表明与日本植物区系关系密切。科的分化强度为4.2,属的分化强度为2.8,种的分化强度为0.07,在科、属水平上均表现出较强的区系分化特征。相似性分析表明该区湿地种子植物区系与云南、西藏、湖北具有共同的区系起源和物种分化形成背景。     

湖南绥宁县神坡山种子植物区系初步研究

通过野外植物标本的采集和鉴定,应用植物区系成分分析和与邻近地区植物区系进行比较等方法对神坡山种子植物区系进行了研究.结果表明:神坡山共有种子植物155科469属1 035种;本地区种子植物区系温带成分属和热带成分属都占有较大比重,所占比例分别为42.4%和46.4%,具有明显的从南亚热带向中亚热带过渡性质;由于该区地处江南古陆,受海侵和第三纪冰川影响较小,故该区保存了大量的孑遗成分和珍稀濒危植物,是研究南岭植物区系的理想场所,极具保护价值;神坡山植物区系与都庞岭植物区系最为接近.     

浙江箬寮岘自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及基本特征

调查统计表明,箬寮岘自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及国家保护植物有28种,隶属于18科25属。通过对箬寮岘自然保护区28种珍稀濒危植物及国家保护植物区系组成的分析,得出该区系具有木本植物占优势、区系起源古老、孑遗植物众多、地理成分复杂和特有现象显著等特征。     

陕西周至黑河湿地自然保护区种子植物区系分析

在野外调查及查阅相关资料的基础上,对黑河湿地自然保护区的种子植物资源进行了区系分析,结果显示:黑河湿地保护区有种子植物860种,隶属于125科、482属;属的地理成分各种温带分布的高达57.6%以上,体现了植物区系的温带属性;植物区系具有物种多样性丰富度较高、区系成分复杂多样、具显著的温带性质、强烈的过渡性和中国特有属、种丰富等特点。     

贵州雷公山国家级自然保护区种子植物区系研究

从种子植物科、属、种的区系结构分析雷公山保护区现代植物区系的特征,该区有种子植物158科,562属,1 414种。植物区系孕育和保存着许多古老的成分,并参与东亚植物区系形成和物种多样性的进程;属为古北大陆起源,以古老的大陆起源为主体;种的区系成分以温带地理成分为主,共1 004种,是东亚植物区系一部分,中国特有属14属,中国特有660种,贵州特有种29种,国家重点保护植物25种,是构成雷公山植物区系的基本骨架,并与热带亚洲关系密切。雷公山种子植物属和种的分析基本一致,其区系性质是温带的。     

Biodiversity,exotic plant species,and herbivory: The good,the bad,and the ungulate

Invasion of natural ecosystems by exotic plant species is a major threat to biodiversity. Disturbance to native plant communities, whether natural or management induced, is a primary factor contributing to successful invasion by exotic plant species. Herbivory by both wild and domestic ungulates exerts considerable impact on structure and composition of native plant communities. Intensive herbivory by ungulates can enhance exotic plant invasion, establishment, and spread for three reasons: (1) many exotic plants are adapted to ground disturbances such as those caused by ungulate feeding, trampling, and movements; (2) many exotic plants are adapted for easy transport from one area to another by ungulates via endozoochory and epizoochory; (3) many exotic plants are not palatable or are of low palatability to ungulates, and consequently, their survival is favored as ungulates reduce or eliminate palatable, native plants. Ungulate herbivory is a chronic, landscape-scale disturbance capable of influencing plant communities as much as episodic events such as fire. Consequently, ungulate herbivory has the potential to facilitate the invasion and establishment of exotic plants in the interior Pacific Northwest where ungulates occupy nearly every ecosystem. Moreover, ungulate herbivory has intensified in many ecosystems, owing to the addition of domestic ungulates with that of existing, wild ungulates, coupled with the reduction or elimination of migratory movements and predators that previously regulated wild ungulate populations and influenced their distributions. Despite the observational evidence for ungulate herbivory as a strong facilitator of exotic plant invasion and establishment, current knowledge of cause–effect relations is severely limited by a lack of manipulative experiments. Most studies have been observational, unreplicated, and lack the experimental controls needed to eliminate or account for confounding sources of variation. Heightened attention to conservation of biodiversity will increase the importance of managing ungulates in balance with the plant communities that support them.     

浅谈室内山墙窗口圈梁构造柱防结露措施

本文论述了室内山墙、窗口、圈梁、构造拄、结露的产生原因及预防措施。     

Sciences,knowledges, and the practice of forestry

We address the question of how credible knowledge that will contribute to more effective forest policy and management can be produced. We argue that some forest-related knowledge-producing practices of professional scientists and of local people are similar, and given the differences in the knowledge they produce, we explore how they might be used productively together to create better understandings of forests with resulting better forestry practice and policy. Using a case study of participatory forest ecology research, we demonstrate that when professional (conventional) scientists do research in collaboration with local experts (civil scientists), the resulting knowledge can be more accurate and more policy relevant than they could produce doing research on their own or only with other conventional scientists.     

论民族、传统、时代与地方建筑流派

创造民族的时代建筑文化,继承传统文化,要认真学习国外的优秀文化,“百花齐放”以繁荣我国的建筑创作。中国的时代建筑要积极发展地方建筑流派,体现中国建筑文化传统的神韵。     

Restoration of the mangrove vegetation in the Mahanadi delta,Orissa, India

In India, mangroves occupy 6740 km² of which the Mahanadi delta andBhitarkanika mangrove forests of Orissa cover 191.44 km², most of whichhas been severely overexploited. World wide concern to conserve mangrovesnecessitated propagation of mangroves to re-establish them on barren andswampy land along tidal creeks around Paradeep port of Orissa. Avicenniaofficinalis, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera parviflora, B. sexangula,Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes, Kandelia candel,Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia apetala were vegetatively propagated andplanted over 10 ha of degraded salt-marshy wetlands of Mahanadi delta inpure and mixed stands depending on the intensity and the frequency of tidalinundation at the experimental site. Survival was significantly higher(80%) in S. apetala followed by A. officinalis, R. mucronata, K.candel and H. fomes (70–75%). S. apetala recorded the maximumgrowth in height (3.0 m after 2 years) whereas C. decandra showed theminimum growth (0.5 m). Growth performance was better with plants in mixedstands than the plantation with single species. This gives us hope topropagate and re-establish mangroves for conservation in scientificallymanaged plantations in a physiologically arid environment.     

中国与欧盟、美国、日本人造板甲醛标准比较

对中国人造板甲醛标准与欧盟、美国、日本的人造板标准进行比较, 分析国内标准与国外标准在质量要求、平衡处理和检测方法要求等方面的差异, 以及不同检测方法间的相关性, 以期为中国人造板的生产、贸易和标准制修订以及标准输出提供参考.     

Diversity,abundance, and structure of tree communities in the Uluguru forests in the Morogoro region,Tanzania

Uluguru forests are globally recognized as important biodiversity hotspots, but anthropogenic pressure threatens their value. This study examined species diver-sity, abundance, and structure of trees i...     

Forest Utilization in the Sierra Juarez,Oaxaca, Mexico

Abstract

As one of the most diverse biological regions in the seasonal tropics, Oaxaca's main management challenge is balancing sustainable forest harvesting with preserving biological diversity, especially challenging for a village community with limited resources—both economic and technical. A closer look at the history of forest management activities in Sierra Juarez shows exploitative practices by Fabricas de Papel Tuxtapec (FAPATUX), a national paper manufacturer. In 1956, FAPATUX acquired a 25 year concession to harvest the communal forests of Ixtlán. Despite the success of the communities in working with FAPATUX and influencing the management of the communal lands, the communities eventually demanded greater control over the lands and sought to prevent the continuation of the concessions. Since then, communal forest management has sought to achieve two primary goals: (1) to provide economic returns and employment, and (2) to steward the land responsibly and sustainably. Their management plan has evolved into the manipulation of standard silvicultural procedures and their integration with traditional agricultural practices. The management of the timber resources in Ixtlán will continue to be a dynamic process. Having the flexibility to respond to failures and ever-changing conditions will ensure that Ixtlán will adapt its management and silvicultural systems over time to achieve its objectives.