森林资源网络地理信息系统的设计与开发

基于ArcGIS平台,采用WEBGIS技术,设计研制了帽儿山森林资源网络地理信息系统。应用该系统实现了显示、查询、统计森林资源蓄积量等信息的功能,经帽儿山林场森林资源动态辅助分析表明,该系统信息查询分析简便、应用效果良好。     

森林资源数据库的改造与共享

为了充分利用森林资源信息 ,对森林资源数据库进行标准化和网络化改造 ,建立了元数据库和网络查询服务系统 ,便于实现森林资源的信息共享     

森林资源数据库的改造与共享

为了充分利用森林资源信息,对森林资源数据库进行标准化和网络化改造,建立了元数据库和网络查询服务系统,便于实现森林资源的信息共享。     

元数据理论在林业信息管理中的应用研究

森林资源信息管理是林业信息化建设中的一项重要任务。文章在介绍元数据的概念和分类的基础上,分析森林资源信息的元数据层次的存贮以及森林资源信息元数据集的查询。最后对实现森林资源信息元数据深入利用的作用进行了展望。     

基于SOA的国家级森林资源信息服务平台建设研究

基于SOA架构和WebGIS等综合技术,研究构建了国家级森林资源信息服务平台,实现了对全国林地"一张图"海量成果数据和森林资源连续清查成果数据的二三维一体化集成管理、无缝漫游和信息查询。形成了较为先进的技术框架、数据整合、二三维一体化、海量数据查询检索等关键技术,为构建更为完善、稳定、高效的国家级森林资源综合监测和服务平台积累了宝贵实战经验和技术支撑。     

一种适合多林分的森林资源管理信息系统的创建构想

多林分森林资源管理信息系统是通过计算机系统进行多林分森林资源信息的输入、存储、显示、处理、查询、分析和应用,为森林资源信息管理、生态功能评价及辅助决策服务,文章介绍了该系统的结构设计、研建方法、功能设计等内容。     

利用PDA对控制样地调查的方法

主要介绍了掌上森林资源调查仪在控制样地调查中的应用方法,其中包括控制样地点位置查询和导航、控制样地登陆、调查数据属性输入及控制样地主要信息查询等方面内容。     

集体林权改革区森林资源管理信息系统开发与应用

集体林权制度改革使集体林区森林资源管理发生了重大变化,传统的森林资源管理信息系统难以满足实际需求,开发适宜集体林权制度改革区森林资源管理信息系统属当务之急的工作。本文以集体林权改革典型区福建省邵武市为对象,在分析森林资源管理信息系统现状和需求的基础上,开发了B/S模式的森林资源管理信息系统,其功能包括基本信息管理、林权宗地信息管理、森林资源信息管理、森林资源资产评估、森林经营信息管理、信息咨询,该系统不仅实现了基于网络客户端的信息浏览、查询、统计以及属性信息更新,还实现了基于网络客户端的空间矢量图形更新。应用结果表明:系统具有较强的可操作性、稳定性和高效性。     

GIS在福建省数字林业建设中的应用

数字林业通过对信息资源的开发利用,为林业信息化建设和管理提供森林资源基础性服务的平台．地理信息系统技术(GIS)是综合有效地采集存贮、管理地理信息并能对地理信息进行空间检索查询和分析处理的系统．将GIS应用于数字林业建设中则能实现森林资源与环境监测、森林灾害监测、林业辅助决策的信息化,并能有效地实现林业信息的共享．     

基于多种数据库的辽宁省森林资源三维系统构建

辽宁省森林资源信息管理系统一直是辽宁省林业信息化建设的核心组成部分,三维浏览查询系统作为辽宁省森林资源信息管理系统的子系统之一,因其直观性强、可视性佳,一直作为数据浏览查询的展示性窗口。现行森林资源三维系统采用B/S模式,使用PostGIS、MySQL、ArcGIS作为空间数据库管理软件,实现了数据浏览定位、专题查询、飞行浏览查询、场景管理、拔高设置、辅助分析等森林资源数据查询分析功能。本文说明了系统构建的思路与方法,并对现行系统的优点及不足作了简要分析。     

Landscape effects in bird assemblages differ between plantations and broadleaved forests in a rural landscape in central Japan

It is important to conserve forest-dependent organisms not only in broadleaved forests but also in plantation forests. We examined how surrounding forest areas affect forest bird assemblages inhabiting conifer plantations and broadleaved forests in a rural landscape in central Japan. Surrounding forest areas were measured separately as plantation area and broadleaved forest area within 200 m of each sampling site. We used hierarchical partitioning to analyze the effects of surrounding forest areas and stand structures (stand height and understory coverage) on the occurrence of four species groups. We especially focused on mature forest users that are most sensitive to loss of broadleaved forests. Occurrence of mature forest users inhabiting plantation sites was positively affected both by plantation area and broadleaved forest area whereas the occurrence of mature forest users inhabiting broadleaved forests was affected by stand height only. These results suggest that surrounding forest areas were more important to mature forest users in plantations than in broadleaved forests. To conserve mature forest users, increasing surrounding forest areas are important in plantations whereas increasing stand heights would be effective in broadleaved forests.     

Developing capacity of forest users through participatory forest management: Evidence from Madhupur Sal forest in Bangladesh

Participatory forest management is credited for supporting social learning processes and fostering capacity of forest users for collaboration and collective actions. Despite more than a decade of practice, the empirical evidence substantiating the contribution of participatory management for the capacity development of forest users is scarce. This study assesses a participatory forest management program in Madhupur Sal forest, Bangladesh, by comparing the capacity of de-facto groups of participants and nonparticipants and identifies factors that influence the capacity development. Data were collected using a mixed method approach which combines both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Results indicate that participants differed from nonparticipants significantly in terms of various capacity dimensions related to collective actions. Extension services, credit support, trust within society, information and communication influence the level of capacities in tribal population to adapt and respond to changes. The initiatives to manage natural resources are likely to be more successful if the forest management program initiators consider several factors that influence the capacity development of resource users.     

Effects of presenting forest simulation results on the forest values and attitudes of forestry professionals and other forest users in Central Labrador

This research tested whether demonstration of the long term effect of different forest management scenarios in a large forested area changes people's forest values and attitudes. Forestry professionals and other forest users in Central Labrador were shown simulation results of three alternative forest management scenarios illustrating possible long term effects on various indicators. Forest values and attitudes towards forestry were measured before and after the presentation. Our conception of values and attitudes is based on the cognitive hierarchy model of human behaviour which states that values are more enduring and more difficult to change than attitudes. It was thus hypothesized that attitudes would change but not values and that change in forestry professionals would be less than in other forest users since foresters are trained to think about long-term effects and large-scale processes of forest management scenarios. We also hypothesized that a greater number of people would have an opinion on forest management after the presentation. All three hypotheses were partially supported by the results. The results indicated that some attitude change occurred, but that values also changed somewhat. Most of the significant changes occurred when persons with no clear opinion on several forest-related questions formed an opinion. Long-term, landscape simulation results provide valuable information and enhance understanding of both forestry professionals and other forest users. However, being provided the same information, the two groups learned different things. While forest users gained more confidence in the current forest management plan and were motivated to further participate, professionals learned more specific things. This reflects differences between technical and local knowledge.     

中国森林植物病害信息管理系统的建立

以Visual Basic 6．0编程及Access数据库为技术支持，采用ADO数据访问技术，SOL语言查询技术和智能化技术，依据近几十年来我国森林中发生普遍而严重的病害以及中国林业科学研究院森林植物病害标本为数据库源，建立了中国森林植物病害信息管理系统。系统的数据库结构包括标本信息库（42字段），森林植物病害信息库（39字段），用户信息库（4字段）。该信息管理系统不仅具有对数据库的管理功能，而且具有对普通用户的服务功能。为了保证系统的安全和维护，设计了高级用户和普通用户，高级用户授权了对数据库的全方位维护。系统能对中国林业科学研究院森林植物病害标本库进行管理，同时也可对全国现有森林植物病害信息进行管理。系统具有良好的服务功能，主要表现在友好界面、精确查询和模糊查询方面。该系统为林业工作者提供了丰富详细的森林病害信息，在林业系统内具有广阔的应用前景。     

Inclusive Community Forest Management

Summary

Proponents of community-based natural resource management often use definitions of community that implicitly, if not explicitly, favor resident forest users over migrant forest users. This paper explores the shortcomings of the “fixed-in-place” model of community, using examples from ongoing community-based management projects in Mali. The author then summarizes strategies that these projects are using to expand migrant forest user participation in decisonmaking. The paper ends with a brief discussion of how these experiences in West Africa can enrich community-based natural resource management efforts in the United States.     

Integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into forest biodiversity conservation in the Pacific Northwest

The potential for traditional and local ecological knowledge to contribute to biodiversity conservation has been widely recognized, but the actual application of this knowledge to biodiversity conservation is not easy. This paper synthesizes literature about traditional and local ecological knowledge and forest management in the Pacific Northwest to evaluate what is needed to accomplish this goal. We address three topics: (1) views and values people have relating to biodiversity; (2) the resource use and management practices of local forest users, and their effects on biodiversity; (3) models for integrating traditional and local ecological knowledge into biodiversity conservation on public and private lands. We focus on the ecological knowledge of forest users belonging to three groups who inhabit the region: American Indians, family forest owners, and commercial nontimber forest product harvesters.     

Institutional Challenges in Sustainable Forest Management: Evidence from the Gambella Regional State of Western Ethiopia

This article explores the ambiguity over property rights to forest resources in the Mejengir Zone of Gambella Regional State in western Ethiopia. Household surveys and focus group discussions were used as data collection tools. Results indicate that the complexities in forest management are mainly attributable to diversity in livelihoods as well as users’ heterogeneity in perceptions and actions. Ambiguity was created both through the process of decentralization in forest management and the demarcation of regional forest priority areas without public participation. The weakness of the state in undertaking effective supervision to overcome corruption has also exacerbated this problem. A lack of well-defined property rights has resulted in deforestation and loss of biodiversity, and unclear property rights, reflecting an ineffective local forest governance structure. The resulting behavioral uncertainty among users puts pressure on forest resources, which favors the conversion of forests into other land use models. State development programs were also found to be sources of ambiguity over property rights and thereby created challenges for collective forest management. Therefore, local institutional structures should be improved to help accommodate more traditional systems of forest management and to ensure sustainability in forest management practices.     

Moving forward in collaborative forest management: Role of external actors for sustainable Forest socio-ecological systems

Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) of local forest users and governments promoted to achieve sustainable forest Social-Ecological Systems (SESs) by consolidating strengths of these actors. Although much of the writings on CFM acknowledge its potential to deliver sustainable SESs, knowledge about what specific role of government can strengthen local forest management and utilization is still poor at best. This study aims to fill the gap by analyzing meta-data from International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) database for 77 SESs (IFRI sites) in seven countries. We used Ordinal logistic regression to model association between government's Forester Department involvement in important forest management activities and sustainability of forest SES. Our result shows that Forester Department involvement in planting, forest maintenance activities and forest benefit sharing among forest users are associated with sustainable SESs while their involvement in monitoring, sanctioning and transfer of local people harvest right are associated with unsustainable SESs. Our finding has important implications for the ongoing local to global level discourse on how to structure appropriate government interventions to achieve positive social and environmental outcomes from local forest management. However, we suggest precaution not to overstretch the implication of our findings as a panacea for CFM.     

Refugee impact on collective management of forest resources: a case study of Bhutanese refugees in Nepal's Eastern Terai region

This article analyzes the relationship between forest resources, refugees, and the host population. The findings of the research suggest that the host population are heavily dependent on the local forest for their daily needs such as fuelwood, timber, grazing area, fodder for domestic animals, foods, and medicine in addition to cultural and esthetic needs. The forest has also been relied upon for agricultural needs such as manufacture of agricultural tools, maintenance of irrigation water systems, erosion control, and fertilizer needs. The forest was under a sustained demand as any other Terai forest of Nepal. After the arrival of refugees in 1992, the demand for forest resources increased substantially. Initially, the construction of the refugee camps decreased the total forest area and also required some felling of trees. More significantly, the refugees themselves became active users of the forest resource, which generated extra pressure on the forest and created scarcity of forest resources. Before the arrival of the refugees, forest management and monitoring of illegal use of the forest resources were carried out by the government through its local forester office. The local residents were active users of the forest resources, but were passive in managing and maintaining the forest resource. However, competition from the refugees instilled a desire in the local population to safeguard and protect the dwindling resource against the external threat by creating the Humse Dumse Community Forest.