种子园樟子松疱锈病防治

经过对樟子松种子园进行调查,发现樟子松疱锈病危害严重,极大威胁种子园的健康。通过几种防治措施的应用可以使樟子松疱锈病得到有效的控制。     

2株重寄生菌对华山松疱锈病的野外防治试验

施用重寄生菌MM011(Pestalotiopsis sp.)和LS020(Trichoderma viride)的接种体在林间连续2 a进行华山松Pinus armandii疱锈病防治试验,结果表明:2株重寄生菌均能定殖在茶麃生柱锈菌Cronartium ribicola J.C Fischer的锈孢子堆上;对性子器和锈子器阶段的防治,MM011防效最好的100%;LS020连续防治2 a的平均防效最好的99.21%.方差分析表明这2株菌的防效差异不显著.     

松焦油原液防治樟子松疱锈病试验初报

<正> 樟子松疱锈病对樟子松人工幼林为害很大,尤对纯林为害更严重。我场经营25年生樟子松人工种子林6,000亩,其中荒地造林的1,200亩严重受疱锈病为害,1980年发病率达20%。近两年由于我们加强了抚育管理,适时铲除林内疱锈病的转主植物山芍药等,较有效地控制了病情的发展。为了进一步探索药物防治的有效途径,从1981年8月至1982年秋,对樟子松病株进行了三次涂抹松焦油原液的防治试验。一、试验区概况试验医设在经过三次抚育间伐的25年生樟子松人工纯林内,面积15亩。每亩保留30株,郁闭度0.7,平均树高13.2米,胸径22厘米,     

大兴安岭地区主要树木病害调查

1983—1989年在大兴安岭地区采集到12个树种的病害标本,鉴定出61种病害,其中为害比较严重的有松苗立枯病、樟子松落针病、松针红斑病、樟子松松针锈病、樟子松疱锈病、樟子松瘤锈病、落叶松早期落叶病、落叶松癌肿病、落叶松心材腐朽和杨叶锈病。     

樟子松疱诱病的研究

病害发生概况樟子松疱锈病是二针松类枝干上的重要病害,分布于世界各地,在我国云南省的云南松,辽宁、吉林省的油松,黑龙江省的赤松均有发生。随着大面积人工林的栽植,樟子松疱     

黄泥河林业局樟子松病害种类调查

樟子松病害调查结果表明:在吉林省黄泥河林区,樟子松病害有12种,分别是苗木立枯病、苗木茎叶腐烂病、苗木紫叶病、瘤锈病、疱锈病、烂皮病、枯梢病、红疣枯枝病、窒息病、落针病、松针锈病、针叶红斑病。发生普遍或危害严重的有3种,分别是疱锈病、瘤锈病、松针锈病;发病率和病害指数分别为8.0%~48.6%与5.3~18.0、1.6%~85.0%与0.5~28.8、23.0%~100.0%与2.4~19.5。     

华山松疱锈病调查研究初报

华山松疱锈病(Cronartium sp.)在陕西省的留坝、南郑、宁陕、洛南、太白、户县及甘肃省的兴隆山林区和武都县均有分布,是危害华山松枝干部的毁灭性病害,也是世界性林木病害之一。在国内仅见到红松和樟子松疱锈病的研究报道,关于华山松疱锈病尚未见正式的研究资料和文献。1982年以来,我们在秦岭南坡火地塘林区对该病进行了调查研究。由调查得知,华山松疱锈病在该林区平均发病率为13.1％,感病指数为7.5,并有逐年发展的趋势,严重威胁着华山     

落叶松褐锈病及其重寄生菌的流行规律与生物防治利用研究

连续３年观测研究得知：寄生在落叶松属Ｌａｒｉｘｓｐｐ．植物上的褐锈病Ｔｒｉｐｈ－ｒａｇｍｉｏｐｓｉｓｌａｒｉｃｉｎｕｍ（Ｃｈｏｕ）Ｔａｉ流行高峰期为６月下旬至７月中旬，与气候因子中的降雨量关系密切；而寄生在褐锈菌上的重寄生菌Ｓｐｈａｅｒｅｌｌｏｐｓｉｓｆｉｌｕｍ（Ｂｉｖ－Ｂｅｒｎ）Ｓｕｔｔｏｎ流行高峰期则为８月下旬，与大气湿度关系紧密。日中流行规律观测研究得知：落叶松褐锈病菌夏孢子日飞散曲线呈“Ｍ”型，两次飞散高峰出现在８时和１６时，并与降雨量呈负相关；而褐锈病重寄生菌的曲线形式与之相反，两次高峰出现在０时和１２时。人工接种重寄生菌防治落叶松褐锈病是适时期为褐锈病流行高峰前１０天，寄生率可达８０％以上．     

四川省松疱锈病菌的风险性分析

本研究运用有害生物危险性分析(Pest Risk Analysis,PRA)的方法,综合评价了松疱锈病的危险性。结果表明:松疱锈病菌对我省是高度危险的林业有害生物。建议加强检疫监管,防治蔓延。     

华山松疱锈病防治技术研究

指出了华山松疱锈病是危害华山松林分最为严重的一类病害,其渍疡斑常环绕树干造成松树大面积死亡,目前防治华山松疱锈病的方法收效甚微,以华山松疱锈病为例,就如何防治松疱锈病提出了切实有效的防治技术,为有效防止松疱锈病提供理论依据.     

Aeciospores of Cronartium flaccidum,C. ribicola and Endocronartium pini show no differences in morphology

The morphology of the aeciospores of the pine stem rust fungi Cronartium flaccidum, Cronartium ribicola and Endocronartium pini, collected from nine locations in Finland, Sweden and Italy, was compared. Surface structures of 900 aeciospores were visually classified using a scanning electron microscope, and dimensions of 1100 aeciospores were measured from micrographs. The data grouping was tested with discriminant analysis. The spores had well-defined smooth areas and annulate warts on their surface. E. pini, C. flaccidum and C. ribicola could not be distinguished by the surface structures of the spores. The grouping of spores by dimensions into sample locations was statistically significant by one discriminant function, while the grouping into species was not. The observed similarities corroborated the current views on the close relationship of C. flaccidum and E. pini.     

四川马尾松疱锈病病原菌及转主寄主的初步研究

马尾松疱锈病是我省马尾松中幼林分的毁灭性枝干病害。经系列实验证明马尾松疱锈病菌的转主寄主为芍药科的山芍药（ Ｐａｅｏｎｉａ ｏｂｏｖａｔａ Ｈａｘｉｍ ），病原菌为松芍柱锈菌（ Ｃｒｏｎａｒｔｉｕｍ ｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ （ Ａｌｂ． ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｗ ．） Ｗ ｉｎｔｅｒ）。     

中国3种松干锈菌在随机扩增DNA多态性水平上的遗传分化

用ＲＡＰＤ手段分析了我国３种松干锈菌Ｃｒｏｎａｒｔｉｕｍｒｉｂｉｃｏｌａ、Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ及Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ在ＤＮＡ水平上的遗传分化。用５个随机引物从１０个菌株（含１个不同属参照菌株）中检测出５１个多态ＤＮＡ片段进行聚类分析,３种锈菌清晰地显示为不同类群,此结果为传统分类的成立提供了分子遗传学证据。３种锈菌中Ｃ．ｒｉｂｉｃｏｌａ和Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｉｄｕｍ的亲缘关系较近,这同由症状和冬孢子寄主反映出的相似关系一致。种内菌株间存在遗传差异,但其程度小于种间差异。锈孢子及冬孢子寄主都不同的Ｃ．ｆｌａｃｉｄｕｍ菌株间差异明显,可能反映着专化型分化的遗传学基础。不同松树寄主的Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ菌株间也存在差异,暗示我国的Ｃ．ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ同北美一样存在对松类的寄生专化性分化。研究结果还提示松干锈菌的遗传分化主要同寄主有关,而与地理分布关系不大。     

中国松干锈病病原菌的种间及种内同工酶变异

从我国不同地区、不同松树上采集代表ＣｒｏｎａｒｔｉｕｍｒｉｂｉｃｏｌａＣｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ及Ｃ。ｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ３种松干锈菌的５８个菌株，分析了其种间及种内的同工酶变异。电泳检测过的１３种酶中有８种显出酶带，其中酯酶（ＥＳＴ）同工酶谱具最显著而稳定的种间差异，可作为区别鉴定３种松干锈菌的有效手段。在来自东北各地红松上的１６个Ｃ．ｒｉｂｉｃｏｌａ菌株中未发现任何酶谱变异，显示了本菌群体遗传性质的均一。来自东北地区樟子松上的１７个Ｃｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ菌株中存在酶谱变异，但多数菌株的酶谱同来自安徽及陕西马尾松上的菌株完全一致，此结果支持把我国的Ｃｆｌａｃｃｉｄｕｍ看成一个集合种。来自我国南北不同地区不同松树的Ｃｑｕｅｒｃｕｕｍ菌株，除樟子松上的部分菌株外，其酶谱完全相同，尚未分化出北美的那种专化型间的酶谱差异，可能暗示我国松瘤锈菌的起源晚于北美。     

Short-term Effect of Thinning on Pinus sylvestris Damage and Sporulation Caused by Cronartium flaccidum

The short-term effect of thinning on cronartium rust on Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated in a stand of Scots pine (artificially seeded and in the pole-stage) severely infected by the stem-rust fungus Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter. The disease rate (the number of old and fresh infections) was recorded before thinning, after which all trees with a resin-top as well as all individual branches with sporulating lesions were removed from the thinned plots, while the comparison plots remained non-thinned. The numbers of sporulating lesions were recorded on the plots annually for 2-5 yrs after thinning. Thinning had no significant short-term effect on the year-to-year relative number of sporulating lesions. The relative number of sporulating lesions, however, increased in both thinned and nonthinned trees, varying significantly from year to year. Thinning had no significant effect on the year of formation of the shoot bearing annual sporulating lesions, the duration of sporulation or the growth of the fungus along the infected shoot in perennial lesions during the first 5 yrs after the treatment.     

Variation of diverse sources of Cronartium flaccidum

Three pine species, each with different climatic requirements, were found to be susceptible to three collections of Cronartium flaccidum from sea level, hills, and mountains of central Italy. There was, however, a highly significant interaction between the three host species and rust collections from the different geographic areas.     

Distribution and frequency of Cronartium flaccidum on Melampyrum spp. in permanent sample plots in Finland

Abstract

In 2006, the distribution and frequency of pine stem rust Cronartium flaccidum was studied on Melampyrum spp. in permanent sample plots of an EU forest health monitoring program and of a BioSoil program in Finland. The frequency of Melampyrum spp. infected with C. flaccidum was low, but the rust was recorded in new locations of eastern Finland. No uredinia of C. flaccidum were observed in samples collected from over 700 plots. Telia were common on Melampyrum sylvaticum but were occasionally also found on Melampyrum pratense and Melampyrum nemorosum. Melampyrum pratense was the most common species growing in plots on mainly dry sites. Melampyrum sylvaticum was seldom detected, suggesting that alternate hosts are absent from northern Finland or that the current sample plot network is too sparse for effective disease monitoring in the north. No relationship between C. flaccidum, Melampyrum spp. and rust incidence in host trees was observed, which implies that the autoecious Peridermium pini is a more likely pathogen than C. flaccidum locally. Because plots containing M. sylvaticum occur almost solely in southern Finland, the plots with M. sylvaticum reflect the best changes in rust epidemics in that area. In the future, nutrient-rich sites containing M. sylvaticum may serve as a source of rust epidemics. It is unlikely that C. flaccidum will spread to dry sites via M. pratense.     

Effect of Cronartium quercuum on cell chromosome ofXingkai Lake pine

lntroductionXingkaiLakepine(PinustakahassiNakai)distributedoveraIittleregionbetweenSuifenRiverandXingkaiLakeinNortheastofChina.lnrecentyears,XingkaiLakepineisheavilyinfectedbyCronarfaimquercuum,theincidenceofthisdiseasehasincreasedto98%insomefof6stareas.Thediseasegreatlyaffectedtree'sfruitgrowingandnaturaIregeneration.Ac-cordingtotheinvestigation,each2~3year-oldhealthytreehas13oconesonaverage,itsnaturalregenerationrateis45%forhealthyforest,whiIethatofIightinfectedforestandnewlyinjectedfo…     

木蠹象对受疱锈菌侵染华山松树皮挥发物的EAG和行为反应

采用触角电位仪和"Y"型嗅觉仪分别研究了茶蔗生柱锈菌锈孢子、感疱锈病树皮、华山松健康树皮挥发性成分对华山松木蠹象的触角电生理和引诱活性.羽化3 d的木蠹象对3种挥发性成分在各浓度下都有明显的EAG反应,锈孢子的EAG反应值最大,健康树皮次之,感病树皮最小,且明显小于前二者.同时,嗅觉生测结果证明,锈孢子挥发性成分对木蠹象的引诱活性最低,平均引诱率不超过20%;同样,感病树皮挥发性成分除浓度为1:15外,其余引诱率都低于35%,二者对该虫总体表现出驱避活性;而健康树皮挥发性成分则有明显的引诱活性.EAG反应值与行为反应的趋向率具有一致性.     

Effect ofCronartium quercuum on cell chromosome of Xingkai Lake pine

The microscopical observation and karyoltype analysis of embryo root cells of healthy Xingkai Lake pine and Xingkai Lake pine infected byCronartium quercuum were conducted. The results showed that the dividing phase of embryo root cells decreased and the viscidity of cells in dividing phase increased when Xingkai Lake pine was infected byC. quercuum. The karyoltype changed from the contract 4A to 4B, but the number of cell chromosome and karyoltype component did not change. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)