阻燃剂浸渍处理木材方法研究

本研究以ZR-M-301型木材阻燃剂为浸渍药液,樟子松和水曲柳为木材试样,选择常压浸渍、压力浸渍、微波处理后常压浸渍、超声波加压浸渍和微波处理后超声波加压浸渍五种木材阻燃处理方法,经过试验,探索在生产阻燃木材的浸渍方法中引入微波和超声波技术的可行性,找到效果好的木材阻燃处理方法.本研究的创新点是将微波处理与超声波辐射技术应用于木材阻燃处理中,利用微波加热处理改善木材构造的渗透性能,利用超声波的空化作用强化阻燃剂浸入性能,并提出了新的技术路线.     

浸渍过程中胶合板阻燃剂吸收规律及阻燃性能初步研究

1前言阻燃型胶合板的生产一般采用将胶合板或单板在阻燃剂溶液中加压或常压浸渍的方法，阻燃剂配方、浸渍时间、温度和压力是影响产品阻燃性能和力学强度的主要因素。近几年来，国内就阻燃剂的配方进行了大量研究，已有多种商品化阻燃剂用于工业生产，但对于阻燃处理工艺的基础研究则很少报道。本研究中作者选用南京林业大学研制的NL-1型木材阻燃剂，测试胶合板和单极常压浸渍处理过程中阻燃剂吸收量和吸收速度随时间的变化规律，目的是为制定合理的阻燃处理工艺提供必要的参考依据。2试验材料和方法2．1试验材料本研究所用试验材料均由无…     

木材功能化阻燃剂研究进展

一剂多效是木材阻燃剂的主要发展方向。文中分别对常用的木材功能化阻燃剂和阻燃处理工艺的国内外研究进展进行了综述,包括磷氮硼阻燃剂、金属化合物阻燃剂、树脂阻燃剂、纳米阻燃剂和微胶囊阻燃剂及新型浸渍法、表面改性法和溶胶-凝胶法等阻燃处理工艺,讨论了木材阻燃研究的发展趋势。     

炭化竹板环氧树脂浸渍量的研究

采用常规浸渍的方法,炭化竹板的环氧树脂浸渍量低。本研究针对这一问题,采用加压浸渍的方法来提高炭化竹板的环氧树脂浸渍量。试验证明,通过加压的方式可明显提高炭化竹板的环氧树脂浸渍量。这为进一步研究炭化竹板与木材复合打下基础。     

低分子量脲醛树脂浸渍速生杨木工艺初步研究

采用木材真空加压浸渍处理专用设备,较系统地研究了浸渍压力和浸渍时间对杨木增重率的影响规律。结果表明:浸渍压力和时间对杨木增重率有很大影响;在本研究范围内,随着浸渍压力的提高和浸渍时间的延长,增重率呈现先快速增长后趋于平缓的趋势,增重率最高可达到36.6%;从节约时间和能源成本方面综合考虑,选定本试验的优化浸渍工艺为浸渍压力1.0 MPa、浸渍时间2 h。     

温致变色杨木单板浸渍工艺

以杨木单板为基体,以热敏染料、显色剂、十四醇、增感剂为木材温致变色剂,利用超声波浸渍注入木材的方法制备可逆温致变色杨木单板,研究可逆温致变色杨木单板的浸渍工艺。结果表明:影响试件变色色差(ΔE*)的主要试验因子为超声波功率,方差分析其在0.01水平下对试件ΔE*影响显著;其次为浸渍时间和浸渍温度,方差分析二者在0.01水平下对试件ΔE*影响不显著。最佳浸渍工艺为浸渍温度75.0℃、浸渍时间4.0h、超声波功率120.0W。研制成可逆温致变色杨木单板新产品,杨木单板起始变色温度为26℃,终止变色温度为32℃;温度由26℃升至32℃时,试件由蓝色变成木材本色;温度由32℃降至26℃时,试件由木材本色变成蓝色,达到室温可逆变色的效果。     

木材阻燃研究进展

综述了木材阻燃改性研究进展, 包括浸注法、喷涂法、贴面法、热压法、复合法、辐射法、超声波法、离心转动法、高能喷射法等木材阻燃处理技术与磷类阻燃剂、硼类阻燃剂、酚类阻燃剂、FRW型阻燃剂等木材阻燃剂。     

溶胶-凝胶法功能性改良木材研究进展

基于木材天然的双重毛细管系统结构,金属醇盐可在木材"微/纳米容器"内进行溶胶-凝胶反应最终制备木材-无机复合材料。在溶胶-凝胶改良木材过程中,以金属醇盐为主要组分的前驱体溶液可通过涂覆、浸渍/真空加压浸渍、微波/超声波辅助等方式对木材进行改性,且木材密度、基材初始含水率、溶胶反应体系、溶胶粒径、溶胶pH值等对木材溶胶-凝胶改性效果都会有一定的影响。文中主要从制备方法和影响因素2个方面对溶胶-凝胶法功能性改良木材的研究现状进行归纳总结,并提出溶胶-凝胶功能性改良木材的应用前景和发展方向。     

家具和地板用浸渍改性杉木研究进展

杉木是我国南方重要的速生林树种之一,但其木材存在诸多缺陷,极大地限制了其在家具、地板中的进一步开发利用。将杉木进行浸渍改性以提高综合利用率是解决全球木材的供需矛盾和家具、地板用材短缺的重要手段之一。浸渍改性目前主要应用的树脂有UF树脂、PF树脂、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、MF树脂等,其中以PF应用较常见,其改性效果较为显著。浸渍改性过程中,主要有真空处理、真空加压、抽提后常压浸渍或真空浸渍等浸注方法,辊压浸注作为常温常压条件下高效快速浸注处理木材的方法也可用于杉木的浸渍改性,真空-叠压法既能保证改性药剂完全渗入杉木木材,也能防止杉木试材在压力下被压溃。不同的浸渍工艺参数和树脂固化条件对改性后杉木性能影响不同:浸渍时间对浸渍材的吸水率及吸水厚度膨胀率影响较大,热压温度、热压时间与压缩变形恢复率、静曲强度密切相关,各工艺因素间存在一定的相互关系和影响。最后讨论了浸渍改性杉木在家具、地板业中的发展方向与应用前景,为杉木浸渍改性的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

木材阻燃的概况

近几年来我国火灾的严重性,已使木材阻燃成为一项紧迫任务。文中简要介绍了建筑结构材料的耐火试验、木材阻燃处理方法、阻燃剂及发展趋势。     

气相色谱—质谱法测定阻燃人造板中多溴联苯醚

建立气相色谱-质谱法测定阻燃人造板中的多溴联苯醚。样品经粉碎后,采用甲苯超声提取,提取液经硅胶净化后,用配有EI源的气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定。结果表明,本方法检出限为3 mg/kg,回收率为91.7%,相对标准偏差为7.79%。该方法灵敏度、准确度、精密度高,适用于阻燃人造板中多溴联苯醚的分析检测。     

木材阻燃剂FRW的阻燃机理

在综合分析热分析法、锥形量热仪法和FTIR法获得的FRW阻燃机理研究结果并吸收木材阻燃机理研究现有成果的基础上,推导进而提出了木材阻燃剂FRW的阻燃机理。其主要内容是:1)FRW阻燃木材受热时,阻燃剂FRW分解产生不燃性气体和不挥发的酸性熔融物质,具有降低体系温度和氧气浓度及屏蔽热辐射的作用,降低了木材的热解速度;2)FRW的组分硼酸和GUP的酸性分解产物催化木材脱水、降解,以及木材热解产物的缩合、聚合、芳构化等反应,能改变木材的热解途径并使其向着有利于炭化的方向变化,FRW显著的催化成炭作用,使阻燃木材的燃烧放热量大大降低,这是FRW阻燃机理的主要方面;3)硼酸与GUP起阻燃作用的温度和方式不同,并且有相互补充的作用,因而表现出阻燃协同效应。     

木塑复合材料阻燃技术研究现状和趋势

综述了近年来木塑复合材料的常用阻燃剂类型（主要指无卤阻燃剂）、阻燃处理工艺及其阻燃性能的研究现状,对木塑复合材料的燃烧性能进行了分析,并结合木塑复合材料在阻燃方面存在的问题对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

木材阻燃剂SLB处理木材的阻燃性能研究

选用新型木材阻燃剂SLB对马尾松和南洋楹两种木材进行了阻燃处理,并用氧指数法和木垛法对处理后木材的阻燃性能进行了测试。结果表明：用SLB阻燃剂处理木材,载药量达到40 kg/m^3以上时,阻燃性能达到相关标准的要求,阻燃效果随着载药量的增大而增强。在载药量相近时,南洋楹木材比马尾松木材的阻燃效果显著。     

木质材料阻燃处理方法的应用研究进展

归纳了国内外木质材料阻燃处理方法,并分析了各种处理方法的优点与不足,同时介绍了超声波法、微波法、高能喷射法、辐射法等新兴的木质材料阻燃处理方法,总结了木质材料阻燃处理方法的应用发展情况。     

Pyrolytic characteristics of burning residue of fire-retardant wood

In order to investigate the pyrolytic characteristics of the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, a multifunctional fire-resistance test oven aimed at simulating the course of a fire was used to burn fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. Samples at different distances from the combustion surface were obtained and a thermogravimetric analysis (TG) was applied to test the prrolytic process of the burning residue in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The results showed that: 1) there was little difference between fire-retardant wood and its residue in the initial temperature of thermal degradation. The initial temperature of thermal degradation of the combustion layer in untreated wood was higher than that in the no burning wood sample; 2) the temperature of the flame retardant in fire-retardant wood was 200°C in the differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The peak belonging to the flame retardant tended to dissipate during the time of burning; 3) for the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, the peak belonging to hemicellulose near 230°C in the DTG disappeared and there was a gentle shoulder from 210 to 240°C; 4) the temperature of the main peaks of the fire-retardant wood and its burning residue in DTG was 100°C lower than that of the untreated wood and its burning residue. The rate of weight loss also decreased sharply; 5) the residual weight of fire-retardant wood at 600°C clearly increased compared with that of untreated wood. Residual weight of the burning residue increased markedly as the heating temperature increased when burning; 6) there was a considerable difference with respect to the thermal degradation temperature of the no burning sample and the burning residue between fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 133–138 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

木质材料阻燃研究的发展趋势

综述了木质材料阻燃的重要性和阻燃研究的历史，重点阐述了木质材料阻燃研究的遗留问题，即：阻燃剂的抗流失性，阻燃剂对木材性能和胶合性能的影响，阻燃体系的热稳定和耐老化性，以及成本问题。这些问题是用碍阻燃研究成果应用的关键，也为今后的研究指出了方向。     

Acoustoelastic effect of wood III: effect of applied stresses on the velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating normal to the direction of the applied stress

Changes in the velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating in wood normal to the direction of applied stresses are discussed. The ultrasonic modes considered here are longitudinal waves and shear waves with particle motion along the direction of the applied stress. The ultrasonic velocities in wood were measured by the sing-around method. From the results of the acoustoelastic experiments in wood, changes in the ultrasonic velocities were expressed as a function of the applied stress. For the shear waves, the ultrasonic velocities decreased with an increase in compressive stress from the initial stress level. On the other hand, the ultrasonic velocities under tensile stress increased with an increase in stress at low stress levels and then gradually decreased with further a increase in the stress. In contrast, the longitudinal wave velocities increased with an increase in compressive stress at low stress levels and then decreased with additional increase in the stress. The wave velocities under a tensile stress decreased with an increase in the stress. The proportional relations between velocities and stresses at low stress levels are confirmed, and acoustoelastic constants were obtained from these relations. Their absolute values were smaller than those reported in previous studies but larger than those of metals. The acoustoelastic effect seemed to be almost equivalent on the sensitivity for stress measurement as the strain-gauge method.Part of this research was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April, 1998     

The effect of ceramic coating of fire-retardant wood on combustibility and weatherability

In order to develop a fireproof wooden material, the synergic effect of fire-retardant chemicals and wood coatings was studied. The fire performance was evaluated by cone calorimeter. Impregnation of fire retardants including polyphosphatic carbamate, and ceramic coatings including alkoxy metal salt improved the fire performance of wooden materials. This treatment made it possible to meet the guidelines for fire performance of noncombustible materials in Japan. In addition to the vacuum-pressure impregnation treatment, hot-and-cold-bath impregnation treatment is an effective way to develop fire-retardant wood by impregnating fire retardant and ceramic coating. The weatherability of the developed material was also investigated. The ceramic coating was resistant to light and moisture. Part of this report was presented at 54th Annual Meeting (Sapporo, August 2004) and the 55th Annual Meeting (Kyoto, March 2005) of the Japan Wood Research Society