不同培养基及培养环境对铁皮石斛幼苗生长的影响试验

将铁皮石斛试管苗接种于不同NAA浓度和6-BA浓度的MS培养基和花宝培养基上,并放置在不同培养环境下培养。结果表明,铁皮石斛幼苗生长对培养基不挑剔,各种培养基都能使其幼苗生长良好,对其影响比较明显的是培养环境,香蕉汁和土豆汁能够显著地促进丛生芽的增殖和壮苗生根。     

多效唑对流苏石斛试管苗生长的影响

研究不同浓度多效唑对流苏石斛试管苗生长影响的结果表明:多效唑能缩短流苏石斛试管苗再生芽分化的时间,促进再生苗根的分化,提高生根的数量;同时,多效唑能使再生苗的叶片变短、变大,对再生植株有显著的矮化作用,使植株的茎段变短、变粗,抑制根的伸长生长。多效唑对流苏石斛试管苗生长的影响具有明显的规律性,低浓度时其效果均随着浓度的升高而增强,并在1~1.5 mg.L-1的范围内达到最佳效果,再提高浓度则趋于饱和。     

不同红蓝光质比LED光源处理对铁皮石斛试管苗移栽的影响

采用不同红蓝光质比(R,R7B3,R5B5,R3B7,B)的LED为光源,研究不同光源对铁皮石斛试管苗移栽后生长的影响,探讨适合铁皮石斛试管苗移栽的光质条件。结果表明:与对照荧光灯相比,LED红蓝复合光能提高铁皮石斛移栽成活率,其中,R5B5和R7B3下成活率显著高于其他处理(P0.05)。红光有利于铁皮石斛茎段和叶片的伸长,但不利于试管苗移栽成活;红蓝复合光有利于移栽苗叶片数增加,且促进移栽苗生根及根系伸长。在生物量积累方面,R7B3处理下铁皮石斛移栽苗鲜质量和干质量均达到最大值。综合分析,R7B3是适宜铁皮石斛试管苗移栽的最佳光质比。该研究结果为LED光源在铁皮石斛组织培养中的应用奠定了基础。     

香蕉试管瓶苗及袋苗的生产技术

香蕉是我国南方四大佳果之一，长期以来采用地下吸芽进行繁殖，产量低，质量差，经济效益不高，已不能适应市场需求。从１９８３年开始，湛江市开始发展香蕉试管苗的生产。香蕉试管苗具有生长快、病虫少、高产质优、成熟期一致等优点，最适宜香蕉商品化生产栽培。根据我们...     

铁皮石斛组织培养研究进展

综述了铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)组织培养研究进展,铁皮石斛的组织快繁主要通过种子无菌萌发、试管苗原球茎发生和试管苗器官发生3种途径;铁皮石斛的基本培养基为MS、B5、N6、RM和Fonnesbech,但对最适培养基的选择却不同,主要在于外植体来源不同所致;铁皮石斛在不同生长发育阶段所需激素的量和种类都不相同,目前,铁皮石斛组织培养中常使用的外源激素主要是生长素类(如IAA、IBA、NAA等)和细胞分裂素类(如BA、ZT和KT);添加剂的使用在铁皮石斛的组织培养快繁体系的建立中具有重要的意义,常用的添加剂为香蕉汁、椰子汁、马铃薯泥、苹果汁、荸荠汁等;此外,碳源、温度及光照对铁皮石斛组培苗生长发育都有影响。     

细叶石斛原球茎组培褐化抑制与试管苗生根

研究细叶石斛原球茎的褐化抑制和试管苗的生根,实验结果表明活性炭对抑制原球茎的褐化效果比较好,WPM和大量元素减半的MS培养基比较适合细叶石斛的生根,生长调节物质IBA、NAA对细叶石斛生根的影响达到显著水平.     

铁皮石斛试管苗移栽技术

在对铁皮石斛试管苗快繁研究的基础上,开展试管苗移栽研究。就基质选择、光照强度、冬季夜温、栽培方式和肥料配比进行控制,从而形成一整套铁皮石斛试管苗移栽配套技术。为国家重点保护的野生药材植物的可持续发展提供科学依据。     

报春石斛根系对水培的适应性研究

2016年9月,采用Hoagland营养液静止水培和泥炭藓作为基质了对报春石斛Dendrobium primulinum Lindl.试管苗进行了3个月的培养,比较不同基质对报春石斛根系生长的影响。检测结果表明,水培苗根系生长速度慢,但是地上部分茎杆粗壮,能快速生长,适生性较强。光镜观察水培苗和基质苗根尖、成熟区和根毛区,结果显示,水培苗根尖皮层细胞比较规则紧凑,细胞间隔比较小,而基质培养苗根尖细胞排列较松散,排列不规则;基质培养苗根系的中柱部分髓质较水培苗的大,且存在体积较大的淀粉粒。对两种栽培方式的新生根进行Evan blue染色,发现水培根成熟区较基质培养的更具活力。试验表明,报春石斛根系能够很好的适应水生环境。     

香蕉良种引进快繁及推广

云南热区发展香蕉生产具有比较优越的自然环境条件。20世纪90年代初，生产上主要是采用地下吸芽苗进行繁殖，其产量低，病虫害严重，经济效益较差；90年代中期，香蕉试管苗因其生长迅速、病害少、抽蕾整齐、收获期集中、品质优、管理方便等优点而被广大蕉农所接受。现在使用脱毒组培苗已成为香蕉高产、稳产、高效益的关键措施之一。     

香蕉组织培养中变异的发生与控制途径

香蕉组培试管苗技术对于快速推广优良品种，抑制香蕉束顶病、花叶心腐病等病毒病害，提高香蕉产量与质量都起到了重要作用，但试管苗的变异问题也比较突出，给育苗厂家和种植者带来一定的经济损失。根据有关报道并结合笔者的工作实践，对香蕉组培中的变异和控制提出一些看法和建议。变异与香蕉品种的关系1 在植物组培过程中，一般都伴随着一定的遗传变异。香蕉组培试管苗同样普遍存在着变异现象，而且变异率比常规繁殖的高，这种变异因不同品种而异（表）。1变异与继代培养时间的关系2 植物组织培养中，组织或细胞的变异率随时间的延长而…     

香蕉不同施肥试验研究初报

通过对河口地区连作多年香蕉园施肥试验,比较了不施氮、磷、钾肥对香蕉生长和产量的影响;根据土壤和植株营养测定数据,应用养分平衡法估算香蕉养分吸收量、土壤养分校正系数和肥料利用率等参数,为次年平衡配方施肥试验提供基础数据。     

Growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euterpe edulis</Emphasis> Mart. (Arecaceae) under forest and agroforestry in southern Brazil

The palm Euterpe edulis has high ecological and economic importance in Brazil. Currently, this species is being cultivated and managed for spontaneous regeneration in banana plantations. However, there are no data comparing its plantation growth performance to its native forest growth. We evaluated growth and mortality (M) of individuals of E. edulis planted in secondary dense ombrophilous forest and in banana plantations, as well as their relationships with site variables (canopy opening, soil nutrient availability, density of existing E. edulis, and herbivory). Twelve banana plantation sites and 12 sites in secondary dense ombrophilous forests were selected. At each site, 25 young individuals of E. edulis were planted in 2003. Annually until 2008, morphometric, herbivory, and M of the individuals were evaluated. In 2008, canopy and soil variables were measured at each plot. E. edulis growth was five times higher in banana plots compared to forest plots; current annual increment on height reached 38.9 cm in banana plots, compared to 7.3 cm in forest plots. M was relatively low and similar at both sites, presenting an intraspecific density-dependence pattern. Significant correlations were found between morphometric variables, M, and herbivory of E. edulis and canopy and soil variables. Euterpe edulis presented plasticity that allows for its establishment in banana plantations, indicating high potential for management in agroforestry consortia. Such management may be a useful conservation strategy for this and other shade-tolerant species.     

铁皮石斛育苗试验

以苗高、苗粗、黄叶比和生根比为指标,通过正交试验方法L9(34)研究培养基中NAA、香蕉、土豆浸液对铁皮石斛壮苗生根的影响.结果表明:不同衡量指标对应不同的水平组合,经过综合考虑,育苗最优水平组合为0.5 mg/L NAA+50 g/L香蕉.     

霍山石斛组培丛生芽诱导增殖及生根技术

以霍山石斛无根试管苗为试材,研究了丛生芽诱导增殖和生根技术.丛生芽诱导增殖通过4因素3水平正交试验,筛选出的最适培养基为1/2MS 0.2 mg/LKT 0.2 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L 6-BA.4个因子对霍山石斛丛生芽诱导的影响顺序依次为:KT＞基本培养基＞6-BA＞NAA,其中,KT对霍山石斛丛生芽的诱导效果极为显著.添加不同浓度的生长素及香蕉泥进行生根诱导,其生根效果排序为:香蕉泥＞IBA＞NAA,最佳的生根培养基是MS基本培养基添加20%香蕉泥,生根率可达94.3%.     

The homegarden agroforestry system of Bukoba district,North-Western Tanzania. 2. Constrainsts to farm productivity

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 72 randomly selected households in Bukoba district, Tanzania from August to November 1991. The objective of the study was to identify the major constraints to increased productivity in homegardens and farmers response to these constraints. Declining of homegarden productivity seems to have been influenced by the gradual decline of soil fertility mainly as a result of decrease in cattle population, the serious outbreak of banana weevils, nematodes and later Panama disease, fragmentation of homegardens due to population growth and lack of cash. As a result, homegardens can no longer subsist farm families for the most part of the year. The actual decline in banana yield is 66% over the last 20 years. Incomes are too low to support modest investment to improve productivity in homegardens. Farmers' responses to these problems have been out-migration, a shift towards cultivation of root crops, planting of beer banana and decrease in homegarden management intensity. These responses however are likely to offer only short term and partial solutions.     

云南香蕉业现状、优势和发展思路

简述我国香蕉的产销形势,分析云南香蕉业的现状和存在问题,提出了云南香蕉业发展的思路。     

白芨的离体培养

为快速生产大量优质白芨种苗,以白芨种子为外植体进行离体快繁研究。结果表明:MS基本培养基可促进白芨种子的快速无菌萌发,当6-BA的浓度为1.0 mg/L时可以促进幼苗的快速分裂生长,添加了2 mg/L的2,4-D的培养基可有效促进愈伤组织的形成。种子苗原球茎经切割后在MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L6-BA的培养基上愈伤组织诱导率为85%,1.0 mg/L的6-BA和0.15 mg/L的NAA配比可以诱导丛生芽的生长和增殖,添加了70 g/L香蕉泥和0.5 mg/L NAA的1/2MS培养基可有效促进根的生长。无菌发芽的种子苗移栽率可以达90%,而试管苗移栽的成活率较低,但随离体培养时间的延长有所提高。     

蝴蝶兰组织培养的研究

采用组织培养方法对红花品种蝴蝶兰杂交种子进行无菌播种，获得实生苗。结果表明，在改良的KC培养基上，原球茎发生率达90％以上，原球茎生长以附加10％香蕉汁和0．3％活性炭的改良KC培养基为好。用自来水代替蒸馏水，食用白糖代替蔗糖，对蝴蝶兰试管苗的生长无明显影响。     

Intercropping of immature rubber in Sri Lanka: present status and financial analysis of intercrops planted at three densities of banana

Intercropping during the unproductive immature stage of rubber provides one means of addressing the gap in income suffered by smallholders after replanting or new planting of rubber. A survey of smallholder rubber plantations was undertaken to determine the current status of intercropping in Sri Lanka. A total of 587 smallholders were included in the survey that encompassed the four major rubber growing regions; Kalutura, Kegalle, Colombo and Rathnapura. Intercropping was practised on relatively few farms, with the percentage of smallholders engaged in intercropping ranging from 23 to 54%. Banana was the most common companion crop of rubber with a current extension recommendation for a single row of banana planted between rubber rows. A financial appraisal, based on data from an agronomic experiment, revealed the potential to raise profits by more than 350% if planting density of banana was increased threefold over current recommendations. Profitability of banana intercrops was governed by four major components; yield expected in the third year, fertiliser costs, labour costs and market value of banana fruit. The influence of planting density of banana on each component is discussed. The survey indicated that most farmers grew banana without chemical fertiliser. If high density banana intercropping is to be widely adopted as a means of raising income on immature rubber lands, then current recommendations for chemical inputs need to be addressed in order to bring initial costs down to a sustainable level for smallholders.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.