沙荒风口造林用木麻黄抗逆无性系选育及造林效果

选育6个木麻黄无性系并培育两年生大苗,在福建平潭县岚城镇上楼村沙荒风口进行造林试验。结果表明木麻黄无性系大苗造林后在树高、胸径、材积等方面的生长情况显著优于普通木麻黄实生苗,所造林分具有生长快、郁闭早、林相整齐等特点。6个无性系中龙7、惠1、粤701表现最优,抗风力强,可作为沿海沙荒风口造林的理想材料。     

黄栀子不同栽培品种苗木及幼树结果状况分析

采用黄栀子7个种源11个栽培品种的种子进行播种育苗,并与无性系苗木进行造林对比试验,对不同栽培品种与无性系幼林生长、初期结果量、果实各项指标进行观测。结果表明:黄栀子不适合用家系种子育苗。树体中等,高冠比适中,树冠比较开展、枝叶比较坚挺的栽培品种结果量最大,如福鼎市茗阳、苍南县南山头、福鼎市分关3个栽培品种;无性系造林具有明显优势,比实生苗造林提前1 a结果,且结果量显著高于实生苗。其中以福鼎市选育的"分关1号"无性系表现最优,将其与浙江省苍南县南山头乡、福建福鼎市茗阳村栽培品种合理配置,可作为福鼎市黄栀子产业化开发的优良品种。     

6个杨树无性系系列对比试验研究

对引进的6个杨树优良无性系系列进行了造林和育苗对比试验。育苗结果表明,6个杨树无性系系列苗木胸径、高度差异极显著,中汉系列苗期表现最优,生长速度顺序为中汉系列、中潜系列、南林95、南林895、351杨、南抗系列。造林结果表明,6年生杨树无性系之间的生长量差异显著,中汉系列、中潜系列、南林95、南林895材积生长表现优异,可在江西省推广应用。     

优良木麻黄嫩枝培育壮苗的技术研究

在我国南方沿海各省（区）推广木麻黄优良种源营造防护林中,筛选出６个无性系进行嫩枝水培出根与培育壮苗研究。研究结果表明：无性系之间的主要生长指标在２３个月的幼苗培育期中差异极为显著,尤其苗培育期中差异极为突出。莆田２０、平潭１８号无性系多项生长指标都是最优的,可作为海岸基干林带以及困难地段造林培育壮苗的首选优良无性系。     

优良木麻黄嫩枝培育壮苗的技术研究

在我国南方沿海各省（区）推广木麻黄优良种源营造防护林中,筛选出６个无性系进行嫩枝水培出根与培育壮苗研究。研究结果表明：无性系之间的主要生长指标在２３个月的幼苗培育期中差异极为显著,尤其苗木的高生长差异最为突出。莆田２０、平潭１８号无性系多项生长指标都是最优的,可作为海岸基干林带以及困难地段造林培育壮苗的首选优良无性系。     

桉树无性系引种测定研究

对13个桉树无性系进行造林试验,结果表明:不同无性系之间在树高、胸径、单株材积等存在极显著差异;最优无性系C10的单株材积为0.909 2m~3,是最差无性系(C7)的21.2倍,是群体均值的2倍;本试验根据各无性系的生长性状进行评价、筛选出C10、C9、C1、C8四个优良无性系;由于C1的寒害抗逆性弱,结合无性系在抗逆性方面的表现,最终选择C10、C9、C8这3个无性系适宜在天马林场乃至闽南地区推广种植。     

大青杨优良无性系选择

对大青杨无性系测定林(16a生)的树高、胸径、材积进行分析。结果表明:不同无性系间树高、胸径、材积差异显著。选出树高、胸径大于群体平均值35%以上、材积大于群体平均值150%以上为优良无性系3个;综合树高、胸径、材积选出124号为最优无性系;3个优良无性系造林16a后,树高能获得28%的遗传增益,胸径能获得44.1%的遗传增益,材积能获得87.6%的遗传增益。     

杉木优良无性系造林增产显著

1990年开始，广西林科院和区林业技术推广总站等单位，分别在融安县西山林场等十多个单位推广杉木优良无性系造林。至1996年，共造杉木无性系林409．8公顷，其中试验林、示范林2098公顷，面上推广造林（这丰杯）200公顷。试验统一未用分组随机区组设计，每组一般为20个无性系，用杉木良种（融水白云糖杉）实生前作对照。整地方法、造林时间、抚育措施等均与对照相同。据1997年测定分析，在初选参加试验的927个无性系中，有230个无性系表现较为优良，其材积总平均比对照增益451％；最优的无性系”个，村积总平均比对照增益53．5％；较优的无…     

杉木无性系造林的基本策略和技术要领

杉木无性系造林增产效果显著,采用杉木无性系造林具有实际意义.介绍杉木优良材料的选择、采穗圃营建、无性系造林的基本策略和技术要领,可以为今后杉木优良无性系造林大面积推广提供参考.     

湿地松无性系造林研究

<正> 湿地松原产美国东南部,美国在对其进行有性繁殖改良的同时,一直在进行无性繁殖的研究,50年代采用过针叶束育苗,但没有搞上去。进行无性繁殖研究的目的,显然是为了开展无性系造林,以获得较有性繁殖改良更多的增益。我们采用针叶束育苗,通过多年的试验,1981年获得了成功,1982年营造了第一片湿地松针叶束育苗造林试验林。通过9年来的观测,结果表明优良无性系造林比实生苗造林好。湿地松种源间无显著差异,个体间差异明显。据此,开展无性繁殖研究和进行无性系造林,是当前和今后营造速生丰产林较理想的营林技术。9年来,我们坚持针叶束繁殖和无性系选育的研究,为实现无性系造林奠定了一定的基础。现就最早无性系试验林生长状况总结如下:     

杭州市“板栗优良无性系选育”试验研究报告

为提高杭州市板栗的品种质量，在桐庐县进行选优，并收集浙江省板栗主要产区优良单株，又从山东省烟台地区引进品种共“个无性系，进行无性系测定。经过8年努力，从桐庐县优选的22个无性系中选育出2个优良无性系“桐选32号”、“桐造43号”；从全省参试的31个无性系中筛选出2个优良无性系“江山1号”、“三门4号”；从山东烟台地区引入的12个无性系中，筛选出“石丰”、“金丰”2个无性系。这6个优良无性系，比本省正在推广的“毛板红”、“上虞魁栗”初期产量均有大幅度提高。其中“石丰”、“三门4号”合糖量特高，糯性好，是糖炒栗子的好品种。     

杉木优良无性系区域化试验初报

采用广东、湖南和贵州3个省40个杉木优良无性系，于1998年在广东大坑山林场进行区域化试验。结果表明：6年生单株材积生长55％的无性系优于对照，其中达较显著差异水平以上的有4个无性系，广东3个，湖南1个。广东提供的无性系表现较好，其中生长表现较优的GDL041、GDL043、GDL044三个无性系单株材积达较显著差异水平以上，占参试无性系的33％，其次为GDL042、GDL046无性系，其单株材积增益均达25．1％以上，在本省亦经过了3次以上重复试验，表现均较优，可大面积在广东造林推广应用。     

相同种源不同无性系东北红豆杉生长规律的比较研究

对相同种源不同无性系东北红豆杉生长规律进行比较研究发现，树高和冠幅生长存在较明显的差异；地径生长由于扦插苗造林形成灌木，所以差异不大；不同个体生长状况各异，规律性不明显；相同种源红豆杉个体表现出不同的变异程度，且不同生长指标变异的规律性不明显。     

三北防护林新无性系-美青杂种系列引进与苗期选择

１９９８年春从中国林科院的实验点甘肃临夏回族自治州林科所引入北方型美洲黑杨（Ｐ．ｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓ）×青杨（Ｐ．ｃａｔｈａｙａｎａ）杂种无性系　１３７个,扦插在内蒙奈曼旗兴隆沼林场二分场。１９９８年秋选出　１３个无性系,加入我地区新近确定的推广无性系──白城　４１作对照,１９９９年建无性系测试圃,２０００年春平茬,２０００年秋对这　１３个无性系生长量和抗性的调查与评价,以白城　４１为对照,初步选择出　１０个无性系,高生长较对照大　３０％以上的有　４个,２０％以上　５个;径生长大　５０％的　３个,３０％以上　２个,２０％以上　４个;所有无性系的抗锈病情况都好于对照。为丰富三北地区营造杨树农田防护林品种和改善三北地区杨树品种单一的问题有望选出新无性系。     

史密斯桉无性系桉叶出油率及成分分析

本文对7个史密斯桉无性系桉叶的出油率进行了测定,对其精油成份进行了分析。结果表明：在7个史密斯桉无性系中,出油率在3．0％以上的有17号、2号、8号,出油率分别达到3．67％、3．61％、3．20％,出油率分别超过史密斯桉实生苗91．43％、88．62％、67．39％,分别超过蓝桉实生苗131．97％、128．18％、102．29％,具有较高的精油得率;精油成份分析表明：在7个史密斯桉无性系中1,8-枝叶素含量在80％以上的有4号、8号、7号、1号无性系,分别为82．85％、80.31％、80．26％、80．05％;以1,8-桉叶素产量为首选指标的综合分析表明,出油率是1,8-桉叶素产量的关键因素,出油率与1,8-桉叶素产量呈正相关。     

油茶不同无性系嫁接育苗效果调查

以福建省油茶优良无性系M43、M48和M60为接穗,普通油茶芽苗为砧木,进行嫁接育苗;采用随机区组调查法对油茶不同无性系芽苗砧嫁接苗的育苗效果进行调查研究,结果表明:油茶不同无性系芽苗砧嫁接苗的成活率、成苗率的差异不明显,苗高、地径之间存在显著差异,高径比之间存在极显著差异。3个无性系嫁接苗成活率和成苗率分别为82.1%~84.9%和75.2%~79.8%,苗高和地径分别为9.62~11.67 cm和0.31~0.36 cm。。     

Clonal variation in morphology, growth, physiology, anatomy and ultrastructure of container-grown white spruce somatic plants

We assessed clonal variation in morphological variables, mineral nutrition, root growth capacity, net photosynthesis, tannin distribution, and cuticle and epicuticular wax features within four families of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Seeds were collected from four families obtained through controlled crosses among selected genotypes. For each family, plants were produced either from seeds (zygotic) or by somatic embryogenesis (clones). Each family was therefore represented by its zygotic seedlings and three clones. Within a family and under similar growth conditions, several clones differed significantly from the zygotic seedlings in height, root-collar diameter, needle dry mass, branch density, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, and length of needles. Branch density (number of first-order branches per cm height) of zygotic seedlings and clones varied from 0.8 to 1.4 branches cm(-1) and from 0.6 to 1.3 branches cm(-1), respectively. Mean needle length of zygotic seedlings and clones ranged from 11 to 14 mm and from 11 to 17 mm, respectively. For many variables (height, dry mass of new roots, needle dry mass and branch density), differences among clones were significantly greater than differences among zygotic seedlings within a family. Tannins were more abundant in needles of clones than in needles of zygotic seedlings. In some clones, tannins occurred as a ribbon along the central vacuole, whereas in others they appeared as aggregates dispersed in the vacuole. Within a family, N, P and K showed considerable variations in their use efficiency. Interclonal variations were observed in root growth potential and net photosynthesis. Variations in growth and physiology reflect genetically determined differences among clones within a family.     

油茶无性系及自然林选优调查分析

在江西省6个县进行油茶无性系及自然林选优调查分析,结果表明,长林、赣无、赣州油系列无性系优树整体表现出较好的经济性状,主要表现为鲜果含油率、平均冠幅产果量及产油量较高,高产优树较多,自然林优树整体表现低于无性系优树,但存在一部分表现高产的优树,无性系优树间、不同地区自然林优树间、同一地区自然林优树间经济性状差异较大,这为油茶选优工作提供了参考依据和空间。今后油茶选优宜重点从现行推广的无性系中进行优中选优,结合在自然林中进行一定的选择,以达到节约成本、提高效率的目标。     

Physical and chemical responses of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) clones to colonization by Heterobasidion annosum as potential markers for relative host susceptibility

Forty-one 2-year-old clones of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. from three full-sib families (14 clones from each of two families and 13 clones from a third family) were either wounded and inoculated with an isolate of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. or wounded without inoculation. Lesion lengths on the inner bark from the point of inoculation varied among clones 35 days after treatment. There was no relationship between lesion length and relatedness within families. Two clones (21342 and 25202) with the shortest lesions, tentatively designated as less susceptible to H. annosum, and two clones (21176 and 27166) with the longest lesions, designated more susceptible, were selected for comparison of host anatomical and chemical responses to infection. The position and structure of the ligno-suberized boundary zone (LSZ) in the bark of the clones suggested that the less susceptible clones formed thicker layers of suberized cells in the LSZ following wounding plus inoculation. No LSZ was observed in two ramets of the more susceptible Clone 27166 following wounding and inoculation with H. annosum. Compared with more susceptible genotypes, clones of P. sitchensis with low susceptibility to H. annosum had high relative proportions of (+)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and one unidentified terpene constituent (Unknown-15) in cortical resin sampled 25 cm from the lesions. In contrast, more susceptible clones had higher relative proportions of (-)-limonene, Unknown-16, Unknown-18 and Unknown-19. In the secondary resin produced in bark tissues surrounding the lesions, proportions of several monoterpene constituents varied; these changes included a decrease in the relative amount of beta-phellandrene and corresponding small increases in some minor constituents. The concentrations of the monoterpenes, except a few minor constituents, increased in the infected tissues. Wounding plus inoculation with H. annosum resulted in varied monoterpene responses, with distinct differences between less susceptible and more susceptible clones. In less susceptible clones, Unknown-19 increased following wounding plus inoculation, whereas in more susceptible clones, concentrations of delta-3-carene and Unknown-13 and Unknown-16 increased. Differences in both constitutive and induced resin monoterpene profiles may provide useful markers for resistance to H. annosum in selection and breeding programs.     

连山县杉木优良无性系生长分析

出于探索更高效的杉木丰产林培育技术的目的,在连山首次开展杉木优良无性系造林。从广东省林业科学研究院引入6个杉木无性系,营林700亩,各无性系造林面积100亩-150亩,成活率94%-96.6%;3年的树高、胸径生长量分析显示无性系及本地普通种间存在极显著的差异,各无性系优于本地普通种,无性系间存在的显著差异为筛选适合本地的杉木无性系提供依据。同时开展的杉木无性系造林培训,共培训人员达120人次。