4种山茶花营养成分及有害元素含量分析

The nutritional components and poisonous elements in flowers of Camellia chekiangoleosa, C. polydonta, C. semiserrata and C. azalea were studied. The results indicated that the soluble sugar content of the four Camellia flowers had no difference. The maximum protein content was 82.9 g·kg^-1, detected in the flower of C. semiserrata. And the minimum protein content was 56.8 g·kg^-1, found in C. azalea. Vitamin C and β-carotene contents in C. azalea and C. semiserrata were higher, and in C. polydonta and C. chekiangoleosa were lower. The total amino acid contents of the four Camellia were 68.41、67.26、50.77、66.87 g·kg^-1 respectively, the essential amino acid contents were 33.86、32.70、27.21、33.79 g·kg^-1 respectively, and the proportion of essential amino acid in total amino acid of the four Camellia were 49.50%, 48.62%, 53.59% and 50.53% respectively. The contents of Ca, Mn and Cu in C. chekiangoleosa were the highest. Zn and Se contents were the maximum and Ca was the minimum in C. polydonta. The contents of Fe and Se were the lowest in C. semiserrata. Fe content were the maximum and Mn, Zn and Cu the minimum in C. azalea. The trace element contents in the flower of the four Camellia species followed the order of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, but the content of Fe was higher than that of Mn in C. azalea. The contents of Pb, Cd, As and Hg of the four Camellia flower were all lower than the permissible amount.     

转基因多抗杨3号新品种选育

Populus euramericana‘MR3’is a transgenic clone transformed with five foreign genes (JERF36, SacB, vgb, and BtCry3A+ OC-1) via genetic engineering approach using Populus ×euramericana‘Guariento’as the receptor. This variety inherits the features of fast-growing and broad adaptation that the receptor possessed and further enhances the tolerance to various stresses including drought, salt, flooding, and insects feeding. The experiments in greenhouse for stress tolerance assays indicated that the expression of foreign genes led to improved tolerance to drought, salt, flooding, and insects (mainly Plagiodera versicolora). Field trial in an area with salinized soil in Shandong Province showed a 7.77% increase in stem volume than that of the control clones of 5-year-old saplings. Another field trial at Linghai in Liaoning Province indicated a 15.41% increase in stem volume than that of the control clones of 2-year-old. In the experiments in greenhouse, laboratory, and field, the P. euramericana‘MR3’showed enhanced characteristics such as fast-growing, higher tolerance to drought, salt, insects, and flooding stress, and is expected to be one of the ideal new poplar varieties for wood industry and ecosystem conservation in North China.     

利用蒲螨和管氏肿腿蜂防治双条杉天牛幼虫

Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani were used to control the larvae of Semanotus bifasciatus. The results as follows: (1) the suitable control time of Pyemotes sp.was from early April to early May. The reason was that in this time, the larvae of S. bifasciatus were young and not bored into xylem that was so easy to be parasitized by Pyemotes sp. With the parasitic rate 80% in average. Indoor experiment showed that the Pyemotes sp. had the same tropism selection to every instar for the host, but the parasitic rate was higher in low instar than other instars.(2)Using Scleroderma guani to control S. bjfasciatus, the suitable time was from mid May to mid June, the optimal ratio of host and parasite was 1∶ 1. Indoor experiment showed that Scleroderma guani had strong tropism toward middle-aged and elder larvae, the parasite linger around them and choose suitable position on hosts where they could lay eggs successfully. This behavior showed that Scleroderma guani had strict selectivity for their hosts. In experiment, the authors found a phenomenon that in one trap wood, both the Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani could be found at the same time, they themselves did not affect each other and otherwise they could increase the parasitic rate for host. So, the authors suggested that in practice to control pests especially for boring pests, the Scleroderma guani and Pyemotes sp could be used at the same time.     

香叶树挥发油、油脂等主要成分分析

The components of essential oil and fat in different parts of Chinese spicehush (Lindera communis) were extracted and analyzed. By comparing the essential components, it was found that the essential oil content in different parts of the tree was peel > fruit > twig> branch > leaf > kernel, and the highest content was up to 8.0 mL·kg^-1 in peel. The glaucic acid, 1H-Cycloprop [e] azulene, decahydro-1, 1, 7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1aR-(1a.α., 4a. α., 7.α., 7a.β), 7b.α.)] and caryophyllene oxide were the major components of the essential oils. The oil contents of the fruit, peel and kernel were 45.2%, 39.1% and 60.4% respectively. The main fatty acid compositions of the fruit were lauric acid (44.77%), decanoic acid (12.92%), oleic acid (10.91%), 11-oleic acid (9.84%), palmitic acid (6.91%), and linoleic acid (5.12%). The unsaturated fatty acid content in the peel is higher, and the total content of 11-oleic acid (28.06%), oleic acid (27.02%), linoleic acid (13.50%), palmitoleic acid (7.84%) is 76.42%. Lauric acid (72.07%) and decanoic acid (21.13%) were the two main fatty acid compositions in kernels, which were accounted for 93.20% of total fatty acids. After the oil was extracted, the protein was richer in kernel cake than in other samples, and the content was 41.56 g·100 g^-1. In this paper, the main oils from L. communis were analyzed, and the results could be used to lay a basis for the comprehensive utilization of L. communis.     

喷施营养液和NaHSO3对''蓝星''高山桧扦插生根的影响

In this study, we investigated the optimal concentration of nutrient-mist and NaHSO₃ for cutting propagation of Juniperus squamata 'Blue Star' , as well as the variation in the contents of chlorophyll in leaves, and solubility carbohydrate,soluble protein and other nutrition in leaves and bases of cuttings during rooting. Cuttings of grade Ⅲ (the lenghth of cutting bases lignified from 0.1 to 0.2 cm) was treated by 1/4MS+NaHSO₃(200 mg·L^-1),and the rooting rate rose 35% and root qualities were improved compared with control experiment, for there were different effects among three grade cuttings. The treatment of grade Ⅲ cuttings also resulted in higher content of soluble sugar and starch of those bases during rooting, especially obviously different for fifteen days, but less effect on the chlorophyll and some nutrition content of cutting leaves.     

Identification of <Emphasis Type="Italic">CpTI</Emphasis> gene integration for 2-year-old transgenic poplars at DNA level

The putative transgenic hybrid triploid poplars [(P. tomentosa × P. bolleana) × P. tomentosa] with CpTI gene have been outplanted in test field for 2 years. Although the authors’ previous studies have proved that they are highly resistant to 3 species of poplar-threatening insect pests and contain high content of CpTI protein in foliage, incorporation status of foreign CpTI gene in poplar genome is uncertain. In this present study, the incorporation of foreign CpTI gene in genome of 5 transgenic poplars was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting analysis. DNA amplification showed that there were clear DNA bands of about 450bp specific to CpTI gene in transgenic lanes, while no corresponding band in non-transgenic lane was observed. Correspondingly, clear DNA hybridization signals and no signal were exhibited on film for DNA Southern blotting analysis in transgenic lanes and non-transgenic lane, respectively, which further confirmed the stable integration of foreign CpTI gene in genome of 2-year-old transgenic poplar.     

Effect of the amount of lignin on tensile properties of single wood fibers

Chemical components are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of wood fibers. Lignin is one of the main components of wood cell walls and has a critical effect on the mechanical properties of paper pulp and wood fiber based composites. In this study, we carried out tensile tests on single mature latewood tracheids of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanciolata (Lamb.) Hook.), using three different delignified treatment methods to obtain different amounts of lignin. We applied single fiber tests to study the effect of the amount of lignin on mechanical tensile properties of single wood fibers at the cellular level. The results show that in their dry state, the modulus of elasticity of single fibers decreased with the reduction in the amount of lignin; even their absolute values were not high. The amount of lignin affects the tensile strength and elongation of single fibers considerably. Tensile strength and elongation of single fibers increase with a reduction in the amount of lignin.     

珍贵用材树种柏木轻基质容器育苗试验研究

This paper dealt with an experiment on container seedlings culture with nonwoven and light medium for Cupressus funebris, a precious timber tree species, through orthogonal design. The effects of container height, quantities of controlled release fertilizer and the medium proportion on seedling quality of Cupressus funebri were studied. The results showed that seedling height, ground diamater, divarication number and the ratio of seedling height to ground diameter of Cupressus funebri were significantly affected by the height of container and the quantities of controlled release fertilizer, and little influenced by the medium proportion. There were significant different influences on seedling growth among different treatment combinations. The treatment combination No.9 was the best one with averaged seedling height, ground diamater, divarication number and the ratio of seedling height to ground diameter of 21.75 cm, 0.271 cm, 10.7 branches and 80.29, respectively. The treatment combination of No.6, No.3 and No. 5 were relatively good treatment. The length of seedling container of nonwoven with diameter of 5 cm for Cupressus funebris, could be selected as 10—12 cm. The quantities of controlled release fertilizer of 3 kg·m^-3 and the seedlings density of 215—220 plants·m^-2 could be the optimal for nursing seedling with high quality. The costs of medium proportion on several container seedlings base of Zhejiang Province were compared and analyzed.     

Study on Chemical Components of Alkaline Nitrobenzene Oxidation from Plantation Woods

This paper deals with the chemical components and the chemical structure of lignin of Chinese fir and Poplar I-214 from plantationforest. The results revealed that the contents ofchemical component in heart wood and sapwood were almost the same except ethanol-benzene extract both in Chinese fir and in Poplar I-214, The contents of ash, holocellulose, α -cellulose, pentosan, ethanol-benzene extract and cold-water extract in Poplar I-214 were higher than that in Chinesefir, The content of lignin in Poplar I-214 was lower than that in Chinese flr. Vanillin, vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were found in Chinesefir while vanillin and vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringaldehyde and syringic acid werefound in Poplar I-214 in investigation of the chemical structure of lignin by using nitrobenzene oxidization method.     

Molecular Cloning of a Cellulose Synthase Gene PtoCesA1 from Populus tomentosa and Its Genetic Transformation in Tobacco

A 3 125 bp cellulose synthase gene, PtoCesA1, which has a 98% identity to PtrCesA1 from Populus tremuloides, was cloned from cDNA prepared from secondary xylem of P tomentosa. Four anti-expression vectors with different fragments of PtoCesAl, named as pBIPF, pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR, were constructed. Some traits of transformed tobacco of pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR differed from wild types, such as small leaves, ＂dwarf＂ phenotype and thinner xylem and fiber cell walls than wild plants consistent with a loss of cellulose. It indicated that the growth of transgenic tobacco was restrained by the expression of anti-PtoCesA1. Transgenic tobacco was obtained and the contents of cellulose and lignin were analyzed as well as the width and length of fiber cells, and xylem thickness for both transgenic and control plants. Transformed tobacco showed a different phenotype from control plants and it implied that PtoCesA1 was essential for the cellulose biosynthesis in poplar stems.     

不同品种油茶嫁接苗根系生长动态研究

The growth dynamics of root system and aboveground of the grafted seedlings of different Camellia oleifera cultivars are studied by skeleton method and root scanning. The results of 8-months’ observation on grafted seedlings of 5 C. oleifera cultivars showed that: the growth of aerial parts and root of the C. oleifera seedlings were not entirely in sync, during the time of low temperature from November to February, the root system still in sustained growth though the aerial parts of the 5 cultivars grew slowly. Remarkable differences were existed in root length, root surface area, root volume, root biomass and other indicators after 11-months’ growth. The mean value of total length of root-system was up to 243.3 cm and 143.4 cm for the minimum, the mean value of total root surface area was up to 50.2 cm² and 31.7 cm² for the minimum, the mean value of root volume of the C. oleifera seedlings was up to 0.843 cm³ and 0.578 cm³ for the minimum which lived 11 months after grafting. All the root length, root surface area, root volume of the 5 cultivars have remarkable differences.     

Regeneration and gene transformation systems of Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Idaho’ mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Idaho’ is one of several multi-purpose trees used in ornamental, soil and water conservation, fodder and nectar sources. Plant abiotic stress tolerance transformed by genes could meet the requirements for reclamation of arid or alkalid lands and vegetation restoration. For this paper, we studied the effects of auxin and cytokine on Idaho locust in vitro regeneration and the establishment of gene transformation systems for plants mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Results showed that the ratios of cytokinin and auxin were the major factors affecting adventitious bud differentiation on a MS medium; the concentration of 0.5 mg&#8226;L^–1 6-BA benefitted callus proliferation and 0.25 mg&#8226;L^–1 IBA promoted shoot rooting; however, a higher IBA concentration will inhibit rooting. The most effective antitoxin for screening transgenic Idaho locust shoots was G418 and the most sensitive concentra-tion of it was 8 mg&#8226;L^–1.     

不同基质配方对金叶榆容器苗质量的影响

Through Ulmus pumila cv. 'Jinye’ container-growing seedling cultivation experiment with 4 types of media or 9 media formulas, the seedling height, the stem and crown diameter indexes of U. pumila cv. jinye were measured. These indexes were significantly or extreme significantly different among various media. The growth of seedling root system varied with different media. The rooting and root number in soft media were much better than that in dense media. According to the growth traits of above-ground and underground parts of U. pumila cv. jinye seedlings, the medium suitable for U. pumila cv. jinye seedling growth was defined as media type I, whose ratio of C/N was 17.7—18.1, the density was higher than 0.26 g·cm^-3. Grown on this medium, the height, stem diameter and crown diameter of U. pumila cv. jiny were 1.34—1.57 m, 1.36—1.50 cm and 59.6—73.9 cm, respectively. The results of experiment showed also that the physical property played an active role in cultural media, so a good initial medium could provide great assistance of fertilization and water management in seedling culture.     

Wood Microstructure Effects on Chinese White Poplar Dyeing

In order to study the influence of wood microstructure on wood dyeing, eleven parameters of wood microstructure and 5 parameters of wood dyeing effects for 34 pieces of wood boards from 5 trees of Chinese white poplar (Populus tomentosa) were determined and the multiple regression analysis between the factors of wood microstructures and the parameters of wood dyeing effects were made. The regression results show that each variable of wood dyeing effects has higher relationship with wood microstructures, and multiple correlation coefficients between each variable of wood dyeing effects and wood microstructures are 0.483 6~0.799 8. The main factors of wood microstructures influencing wood dyeing of Chinese white poplar are proportion of wood ray, proportion of vessel and proportion of wood fiber according to comparing the standardized regression coefficients of multiple regression equation.     

Acetosolv delignification of marabou (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dichrostachys cinerea</Emphasis>) wood with and without acid prehydrolysis

The chemical composition of marabou(Dichrostachys cinerea) wood and its treatment with acetic acid were investigated.Two different treatment approaches,direct acetosolv and combined acid prehydrolysis/acetosolv,were evaluated.The effects of acetic acid concentration(50%,70% and 90%) and temperature(normal boiling temperature and 121°C) on yield of solids,solubilization of lignin and hemicelluloses and recovery of cellulose were evaluated for both treatments.High solubilization of marabou components was observed in the direct acetosolv treatment at 121°C,especially at the highest acetic acid concentration,where around 84.8% of lignin and 78% of hemicelluloses were removed.When the material was subjected to acid prehydrolysis prior to acetosolv treatment,lignin solubilization was improved,especially at low acetic acid concentrations.Above 80% of the solubilized lignin was recovered from the liquors in the direct acetosolv treatment,but the recovery was lower in the combined treatment.Cellulose was well preserved in all the treatment schemes.     

不同种源蒙古栎种子表型性状与淀粉含量的变异分析

The study aims at compare and analyze the variation pattern of the phenotype characters and starch content of Quercus mongolica seed of different provenances. The length, width, length/width ratio, single kernel weight of Q. mongolica seeds from 16 natural distribution regions in China were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences among seeds from different region in seed characters. The length and width of seeds ranged from 14.76 mm to 21.08 mm and from 11.87 mm to 15.31 mm, respectively. The length/width ratio of seeds ranged from 1.21 to 1.49. The single kernel weight ranged from 0.60 g to 1.78 g and the contents of starch ranged from 4.42 g·kg^-1 to 5.48 g·kg^-1. The length of seeds has a extremely significant positive correlation with the width and weight of seed, and the width of seed had a significant positive correlation with the weight of seed. The seed width has a significant positive correlation with contents of starch. The width of seeds had a significant negative correlation with altitude, and had a positive correlation with July’s mean temperature. The weight of seed had a significant positive correlation with July's mean temperature too. The correlation of the other phenotypic character and starch content of Q. mongolica seed to geographical climate factors was not significant. According to the results of cluster analysis, sixteen Q. mongolica provenances could be divided into three groups with big fruit and high starch content, middle fruit and starch content, small fruit and low starch content, in which the provenances from Dailing of Heilongjiang Province, Benxi of Liaoning Province and Dayangshu of Inner Mongolia were the superior provenances.     

Effect of Wood Variables on the Properties of Wood Fiber-Polypropylene Composites

The effect of wood species (Chinese fir and Poplar), wood fiber content (10%, 25%, 40%) and wood fiber sizes (16 to 32 mesh, 32-65 mesh, above 65 mesh) on the properties of the wood fiber-Polypropylene composites were studied in this paper. The results indicate that the effect of wood fiber content and size in composite were more important than that of chosen wood species. Compared with polypropylene without wood fiber, the flexural strength of the composites increased when adding wood fiber into polypropylene, but the tensile and unnotched charpy impact strength decreased. And the above strength decreased with the wood fiber content increasing. When the wood fiber size becoming smaller (in higher mesh), the strength increased. In the comparison of wood species, the properties of composite using Chinese fir wood were better than that of Poplar, but not significant. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites and PP were also tested and analyzed in this paper.     

基于SSR分子标记的杜仲遗传多样性体系建立

In order to set up the genetic diversity system of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver based on SSR molecular markers, the establishment of SSR-PCR reaction system and screening out SSR marker primer showing high polymorphism were studied. A L₉(3⁴) orthogonal design was performed to optimize the main factors of the SSR-PCR reaction system. The results indicated that the best SSR-PCR reaction system for E.ulmoides was DNA template 1 μL (30~60 ng·μL^-1), 2×Taq PCR Master Mix 10 μL, primer 1 μL with the total volume of 25 μL. The PCR reaction system had high stability and repeatability, the pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism were gotten. The 8 E.ulmoides samples' DNA sequence was amplified with 13 pairs of SSR primers by SSR-PCR technique, 34 alleles were detected, 2.6 alleles were detected from per site on average. Each allele's effective number was 1.751 5, and the h value was 0.379 8, the average I value was 0.643 3. This study is helpful in using SSR molecular marker to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship in E. ulmoides.     

Patterns of variation in chemical compositions of wood from natural populations of Pinus manssoniana Lamb. in Guizhou Province, China

Patterns of variation in the chemical composition of wood,i.e.,holocellulose,cellulose and lignin contents and 1%NaOH extractives were studied in 12 natural populations of Pinus manssoniana Lamb.in Guizhou Province,China,using wood cores as experiment material.The results show statistically significant differences among provenances in holocellulose,cellulose and 1% NaOH extractive contents.The largest coefficient of variation among the provenances was found in the 1%NaOH extractive content and the smallest in the holocellulose content.Variation of lignin content occurred within provenances.Correlations between chemical compositions of wood and factors of local geography and meteorology were largely insignificant.The chemical composition of wood presented patterns of random variation.The correlation of 1%NaOH extractive content with holocellulose content was significant(r=?0.68).There was also significantly negative correlation(r=0.62)between cellulose and lignin content.On the basis of a UPGMA cluster analysis,we identified three provenances of masson pine among the 12 studied,i.e.,those of Wengan,Tongzi and Luodian with high cellulose contents,low levels of 1%NaOH extractive and moderate lignin contents,which we recommend as promising provenances for growing of pulp wood and the manufacture of paper in Guizhou Province     

Structure and Property of Bamboo Fiber

The chemical composition, fiber characteristics, crystalline structure, mechanical properties and thermal behavior of the five species of bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis cv.Pachyloe, Bambusa tootisk, Arundinaia amabilis, B.vulgaris cv. Vittata, and Dendrocalamus affinis) were studied with IR, X-ray, DSC and chemical analyses. The results indicated that the benzene-ethanol extractive content of bamboo was higher than that of wood, the content of lignin and the content of pentosan were 19.1% - 25.3% and 14.9% - ...