Study of the Digestive Rate of Coarse Cellulose of Giant Pandas

IntroductionBal11booisl11ainfoodoftl1cgial1tpal1daint`.ildal1dman-fedgiantpandattasfCd111ucl1bal11boobcsldcsconccntratestl1atx`erel11adcofgrainPOwdcrtokccpltsfeedingl1abitsinwiId,buttl1cdigestivcratcofcoarsccclluloseisvery'low,il1botl1ttilda11d111a11-fcdpa11das.Wecanfindthattl1eba111boot'asall11ostl1otdigcstcdfrolllthefCccsthatcol1tai11edl11ucI1bal11boosticks.CI1cl1Yucllulletc.(l993)rcPortedt1lattl1edigcstit'eratcil1bal11boocoarsecelluloscisabout25%ol1lv.Tl1cautl1orsdesiglledthiscxPCrilll…     

Analysis of Nutrition Composition of Schisandra Fruits

IntroductionSchiSandraisadeciduousvineofMopohaceae.ItsthetStaSteofsWed,sour,bitter,PepPeryandsalty.ItisoneOfthetfadihonalChineseherbalmedicine.Schisan-for(Mopohaceae)hasbeenusedasprecioustonicandastriopntdrugforalleviahngcoughsinceanc1enthme.Modemmedicine…     

Evaluation of the sustainability of participatory management of forest plantations: the case study of Wari-Maro Forest Reserve,Republic of Benin§

This study assessed ecological and socio-economic impacts of a participatory forest management project in the Republic of Benin. The study focused on the Wari-Maro Forest Reserve and the ‘Projet d’Aménagement des Massifs Forestiers’ five years after its completion. A forest inventory was carried out using 37 square plots of 729 m² each to characterise the population structure of two types of plantations established: plantations with exotic species and plantations with native species. In addition, individual surveys were conducted with local households, organs of joint forest management and forestry officers to evaluate their perceptions about the participatory management of the plantations. Finally, the sustainability of the participatory management was assessed with an established rating system. Results showed that plantations with exotic species were more successful than plantations with native species. Local communities argued that they have not been involved in the plantations design but only in the implementation step and that their standards of living have decreased after the project completion. The rating system used showed that the participatory management of plantations had a short-term sustainability. The findings suggest that future projects should be designed and implemented with better participation of local communities as full partners.     

Analysis of Sediment Source of Watershed in Western Shanxi of the Loess Plateau

1 INTRODUCTIONThe Loess Plateau is the most drastic soil erosion regionin China, with the most severe water erosion. Thedistribution of types and intensity of erosion not onlyhave regional diversity but also have perpendicularvariation. In the small watershed, there are differencesin erosion characters among its upper, middle and lowerreaches. It is very significant for taking rationalmeasures of soil and water conservation and forpreventing soil and water loss to analyze the relationbe…     

Evaluation of Strength Performance of Finger-jointed Lumbers Using Three Kinds of Nondestructive Techniques

Resonance flexural vibration（Fast Fourier Transform, FFT）, ultrasonic wave（Pundit） and stress wave（Metriguard） techniques were examined as means of evaluating the static modulus of elasticity （MOE） and predicting the modulus of rupture （MOR） of finger-jointed lumber specimens made with four kinds of Eucalyptus （Eucalyptus. citriodora, E. exserta, E. grandis x E. urophylla and E. grandis）. Dynamic MOE was calculated from frequency and time obtained from forced vibrations and sounds induced in the four species of finger-jointed specimens. It was found that correlation coefficients between density and static MOE and dynamic MOE were statistically significant at the 0.01 level. And it was also found that the three nondestructive techniques can provide rapid and accurate means to determine the MOE, and the dynamic MOE was more accurate to predict static MOE than density. But the correlation coefficient between dynamic MOE, static MOE and MOR were lower than results reported by other researchers for solid wood, and were not statistically significant. It can be concluded that the three nondestructive techniques are useful for evaluating the MOE, but not suitable for predicting the MOR of finger-jointed.     

A Study of Eco-service Valuation of Saihanba Forest

The study made a monetized valuation of eco-service provided by forests at Saihanba Mechanic Forest Farm in terms of water conservancy, soil conversation, carbon sequestration, micro-climate adjustment, air quality improvement, protection for agriculture, biodiversity maintenance, and landscape recreation. The results revealed that the total value of various eco-services is 3.061 billion yuan/a, while the eco-services of unit area forest values at 42 300 yuan/(ha·a).     

A Study of Collecting Robot of Conifer Cone

IntroductionIntheforeStp~tion,thecollectionofconifcrconeisalmpsadifficultProblem.AlthoughmanykindsofconecoleCtinmachinehavebeenresearchedandmanufac-~athomeandabroad,forexample,elevator,vibra-tionmachineoftrdetrunkandsoon.ThesemachincshavcnotbeenaPPliedwid…     

Comparison of seed morphology of two ginkgo cultivars

Ginkgo biloba L. is a precious relic tree species with important economic value. Seeds, as a vital reproductive organ of plants, can be used to distinguish cultivars of the species. We chose 400 seeds from two cultivars of ginkgo(“Fozhi” and “Maling”;200 seeds for each cultivar) as the study material and used the Gielis equation to fit the projected shape of these seeds. The coefficients of variation(CV) in root mean squared errors(RMSE)obtained from the fitted data were used to compare the level of inter-cultivar variations in seed shape. We also used the covariance analysis to compare the allometric relationships between seed weights and projected areas of these two cultivars. The Gielis equation fitted well the seedshapes of two ginkgo cultivars. The lower CV in RMSE of cultivar “Fozhi” than “Maling” indicated a less symmetrical seed shape in the latter than the former. The bootstrap percentile method showed that the seed shape differences between the two cultivars were significant. However, there was no significant difference in the exponents between the seed weights and the projected areas of these two cultivars.Overall, the significant differences in shapes between the seeds of two ginkgo cultivars were well explained by the Gielis equation;this model can be further extended to compare morphological differences in other ginkgo cultivars, and even for plant seeds or animal eggs that have similar oval shapes.     

Ultrasound-associated extraction of seed oil of Korean pine

Experiment on ultrasound- associated extraction of seed oil of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) was conducted in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The factors affecting extraction yield, such as ultrasonic frequency, extracting temperature, extracting time and the ratio of material to liquid (ratio of Korean pine seed to absolute alcohol), were analyzed under specific condition and the optimal extracting parameters were obtained as the ultrasonic frequency 32 000 Hz, the extracting temperature 80℃, the extracting time 50 rain, and the ratio of material to liquid 1: 30. The study demonstrates that ultrasound is a reliable and great efficiency tool for the fast extraction of Korean pine seed oil。     

A Survey of Laoshan Experimental Station of Plantation

GeneralInf0rmati0nLaoshanExperimentalStationofPlantation,knownasakeyexperimentalbaseofplantationofNortheastForestryUniversity,wasestablishedinl958.ItislocatedonShangzhiCountyof'HeilonaiiangProvince,45"20,-45"25'in1atitudeand'l27o30,-l27o34'inlongitude.Themeanelevationisabout300In-ThehighestpeaknamedMaoershanis800minelevationralativeheight.Thes1opeinthisregionrangesfroml0"to15",andtheterrainisachainofundu1atedhills.Vegctati0nThezonalvegetationofthisregionisbroadleavedandkoreanpinemixedfO…     

Simulation of Landscape Pattern of Old Growth Forests of Korean Pine By Block Kriging

IntroductionLandscapecanbeconsideredaspatiaI1yheterogeneousarea,andspatialpatter11referstothearra11gementofstructurall1eterogeneityofenvironments,resourceandbiologicalsysteInsinspace(Formanetall986,Tur11erl987,l989-Risserl987,TurneretaI199l).Turner(1987,1…     

Evaluation of nutrient value of seabuckthorn in north China

Five minerals or elements, crude protein, lysine, methionine cystine, calcium and phosphorus, were selected for evaluation of the food value of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) using the method of "food analysis". The decision values (δi) of seabuckthorn seeds, leaves and fruit residues rank in the fifth, sixth and ninth position among the 16 types of fodder. Seeds, leaves and fruit residues of seabuckthorn are suitable for livestock and poultry fodder. The weights of livestock and poultry are considerably increased after feeding with seabuckthorn. The development of seabuckthorn should have great potentials as food, pre-food and food additives for livestock and poultry in north China. Processing facilities should pay more attention to seabuckthorn food development methods and strategies and the seabuckthorn fodder industry should be promoted.     

To Authors and Readers of Journal of Forestry Research

DearcolleagueScientificperiodicalisamainkindofmediumforpublishingscientificresearchresutts.Aboutseventypercentofresearchresultsarepublishedindifferentformsofperiodicals.Thereareabout260kindsofforestryjournalsinChina.Thesejournalsareplayinganimportantroleinadvancingacademicexchangesandflourishingforestryresearch.Mostofthesejoumals,however,arepublishedinChinese,somewithEnglishabstracts,veryfewpublishedinEnglish.SothescopeofacademicexchangesofforestryresearchislimitedinChina.NortheastForestry…     

The experiments of seed germinating of Dioscorea nippnica Mak

IntroductionDiOscoreaniPpniCaMakisanimportanttraditionalChinesemedicinaImaterialwithsignificanteconomicvalue.Inrecentyears,asimpactofresourcesex-ploitationagainstD.niPpnbe,itspopulationdistribu-tionandamountofgrowingstockhavedecreasedconstantlyAsaresuIt,thisspecieshasbeenlistedatnationaIsecondrankpreservepIants(Xie1995).Itisurgenttosurveytheresourcesandstudyitsendan-geredmechanismofD.'ntoPniCa.Speciessurvivalrelayonreproduction,andeveryspecieshasaspecialreproductivestrategylnad-vancedpl…     

Embryos - the evolutionary boundary of kingdoms of organisms

Bioevolution is still a main puzzle and attracts many scientists to research on it. Here I present that organisms have two important properties, definite structure and self-reproduction. Based on the number and connection of the structural units, organisms can be divided into three groups, unicellular, particellular and polycellular organisms. It can be called polycellular evolution that organisms evolve from unicellular, particellular to polycellular. Also it can be called diploid evolution that organisms evolve from haplobes to diplobes, two groups based on the reproductive differences. Some concepts like spore, zygote and embryos are redefined in the paper. Moreover, I present that embryos are the most important boundary of bioevolution and organisms can be divided into two evolutionary phases, the lower and the higher. The lower organisms, Kingdom Microbia (kingd. nov.), are inembryonate, which include Acytophyla (phyl. nov.), bacteria, protozoa,fungi and inembryonate algae. The higher organisms are embryonate and have two branches, Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia.Plantae are sessile and, autotrophic or sporogenic, which include higher plants and Nudembryophyta (phyl. nov.). Animalia are heterotrophic and, motile or gametogenic, which include all multicellular animals. The new system, which reflects the two important phases of bioevolution and two branches of higher organisms, can really correct the problem of different kingdoms in different researches or by different researchers.     

Length of cuttings in establishment and production of short-rotation plantations of Salix ‘Aquatica’

The effect of length of cuttings, 10 to 50 cm long, on establishment and productivity of short-rotation plantations was investigated in five trials, for periods of 2 to 9 years. The trials were established on abandoned agricultural fields planted with unrooted Salix Aquatica cuttings. The effect of cutting length was very similar in all five trials: the longer the cuttings (up to 30–50 cm), the better the survival and growth. In most trials the greatest difference in survival was between cutting lengths of 10 and 20 cm, especially in unfavorable growing conditions. In an annually harvested trial during the 9-year test period, a cutting length up to 30 cm affected biomass production per stool positively. In two trials grown with 5-year rotation, the longest cuttings produced 7 times the above-ground biomass of the shortest ones. Results of these trials also emphasize the importance of establishment for the future success of willow plantations.     

Worry of the Province of 1000 Lakes about Water

AtthementionofHubei,peoplecanstillbringtomindthereputationof"provinceof1000lakes".Butthesceneof"waterandskymergingintoonecoloramidinterchangedfishermen'ssongs"hasalreadyfadedfrompeople'smemory.WhenIwalkedintothislandinsearchoflakesthateitherhavedis-appear…     

State of Further Processing of Tropical Timber in China

This paper, from the development of Chinese economy and forest resources as well as the fast-growing and high-yield timber plantation development program and harvesting policies of plantation, analyses the Eucalypt planting, processing, utilization and developing prospect in tropical area.