共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对淮南谢桥和张集塌陷区沉积物中重金属总量进行了分析,并用地积累指数法进行了评价。从评价结果看,重金属的危害程度从大到小依次为CdCuPbNiZnMnFe,其中Cd的污染危害等级远远高于其他因子。 相似文献
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《内蒙古林业调查设计》2016,(5)
近年来,由于矿山开采等众多原因造成我国土壤重金属污染日益严峻,土壤当中积累过多的重金属会对植物、动物乃至整个生态系统产生不利影响,并最终进入食物链对人体造成威胁。因此,如何有效的从土壤中去除重金属,成为目前亟须解决的问题。EDTA可以有效活化土壤中的重金属,促进植物对重金属的积累,因此,被广泛用于强化植物对土壤中重金属的提取修复。文章从EDTA活化土壤中目标重金属机理,以及EDTA诱导下,植物对目标重金属的吸收和转运机理出发,综述了EDTA在重金属污染强化植物提取修复技术的研究进展,同时,对使用EDTA对生态环境造成的负面影响等方面进行了探讨。 相似文献
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土壤-植物系统中重金属污染及植物修复技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
重金属污染对环境及人类的危害极大,其治理方法一直是国内外研究的热点与难点.阐述了土壤重金属污染的现状、危害;阐述了当前治理土壤重金属污染的新途径--植物修复技术,着重介绍了提高植物修复功效方法中提高土壤中重金属的有效性和改进超积累植物的性能;阐述了植物修复技术的应用前景. 相似文献
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对苏州市七子山垃圾填埋场所生长的龙葵、商陆、繁缕、无芒稗、千里光、绿穗苋和山莴苣等7种植物吸收和积累Mn,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr和Ni等6种重金属元素的研究发现,千里光、绿穗苋、繁缕、龙葵和山莴苣对重金属元素的吸收、富集能力较大,可确定为重金属元素的耐性植物,可聚为一类,因此可以考虑将这5种植物应用于垃圾填埋场的重金属污染冶理中。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(3)
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同铅锌尾矿渣掺比基质对湘蓖1号的生长发育、重金属的累积和迁移特性及对矿质元素吸收的影响。结果表明:一定比例的铅锌尾矿渣基质可促进蓖麻对N、P、Mg的吸收积累;尾矿中Pb、Zn对矿质元素K、Ca吸收的交互作用大于N、P和Mg,尾矿比例增加可极大的促进蓖麻对Ca、K的吸收,植株不同器官对Ca、K的吸收迁移特点均显示出相似的规律;基质中重金属的含量是影响蓖麻各部分重金属含量的主要因素之一,生殖生长阶段,4种重金属在蓖麻体内的积累能力为ZnPbCuCd,不同器官中的含量迁移分配规律为根茎叶果。蓖麻不属于超累积植物,但对铅锌的耐性较强,生长速度快,生物量大,可作为铅锌污染土壤修复的油料植物。 相似文献
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Hermle S Vollenweider P Günthardt-Goerg MS McQuattie CJ Matyssek R 《Tree physiology》2007,27(11):1517-1531
Fast-growing trees such as Salix viminalis L. and Populus tremula L. are well suited to phytoremediate heavy metal contaminated soils. However, information on tree performance, particularly leaf function, under conditions of heavy metal contamination is scarce. We used yearly coppiced saplings of S. viminalis and P. tremula growing in model ecosytems to test four hypotheses: (1) heavy metal contamination impairs photosynthesis by injuring leaf structure; (2) the effects of heavy metal contamination are enhanced by acidified rainwater and low soil pH; (3) heavy metal contamination increases dark respiration and, thus, repair processes; and (4) heavy metal contamination is tolerated and remediated better by S. viminalis than by P. tremula. We investigated heavy metal accumulation, tissue injury and gas exchange in leaves of plants subjected to controlled soil contamination with heavy metal dust. Additional treatments included acidic and calcareous natural forest subsoils in combination with irrigation with rainwater at pH 5.5 or 3.5. In both provenances of P. tremula that were studied, but not in S. viminalis, heavy metal treatment reduced photosynthesis and transpiration by varying amounts, except in the hot and dry summer of 2003, but had no effect on dark respiration. At light saturation, net CO(2) uptake and water-use efficiency were reduced by heavy metal contamination, whereas the CO(2) concentration in the leaf intercellular air space was increased. Rainwater pH and subsoil pH only slightly modified the effects of the heavy metal treatment on P. tremula. Gas exchange responses of P. tremula to heavy metals were attributed to leaf structural and ultrastructural changes resulting from hypersensitive-response-like processes and accelerated mesophyll cell senescence and necroses in the lower epidermis, especially along the transport pathways of heavy metals in the leaf lamina. Overall, the effects of heavy metals on P. tremula corroborated Hypothesis 1, but refuted Hypotheses 2 and 3, and were inconclusive for Hypothesis 4. Both P. tremula and S. viminalis showed appreciable potential for storing heavy metals in aging foliage. 相似文献
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植物对土壤Cd、Pb污染的修复与抗性机理研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来,土壤重金属污染呈现扩大趋势,其中Cd、Pb污染尤为严重。重金属污染治理方法虽有很多,但各有利弊。传统的物理和化学治理方法存在花费高、操作难、容易破坏土壤理化特性和干扰土壤生物多样性等问题。近年来,植物修复技术逐渐被人们所认知和重视,它具有原位修复、廉价、对环境友好等优点。文中从重金属Cd、Pb对植物的影响、植物修复技术和植物抗性机理3个方面对国内外相关研究进展进行综述,并展望今后的发展方向,以期对未来土壤重金属污染修复技术和基础研究提供参考。 相似文献
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目前我国有毒重金属污染正严重威胁人们的身体健康。植物修复技术有望解决此问题。而旱柳对重金属镉的积累较高,有必要对其积累重金属的分子机理进行深入地研究。构建全长cDNA文库比经典的cDNA文库要更有意义。以旱柳为材料,利用SMART技术构建了其镉胁迫后的全长cDNA文库,结果表明此cDNA文库库容量达106以上,重组率为90.6%。 相似文献
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为了探明钙离子(Ca2+)对香菇富集重金属的影响,在污染4种重金属铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)的香菇液体培养基和栽培基质中分别添加外源Ca2+和含Ca2+矿质添加剂,以研究Ca2+对培养基和培养料污染Pb、Cd、As、Hg的香菇生长的影响和对香菇富集重金属Pb、Cd、As、H g的影响。结果表明:外源添加的C a2+可以显著减轻4种重金属对香菇生长的毒害作用,增加在重金属胁迫下香菇菌丝体的生物量。栽培基质中添加含C a2+矿质添加剂显著降低了香菇子实体对4种重金属离子的大量富集。研究结果提示,C a2+可能通过离子间的相互拮抗作用抑制了香菇对4种重金属的富集,在香菇栽培生产中,可以通过在栽培基质配方中添加含C a2+矿质添加剂对Pb、Hg、Cd、As4种重金属的富集进行阻断。 相似文献
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A. Fedorkov 《Forest Pathology》2007,37(2):136-142
A field experiment with artificial soil contamination by the heavy metals copper and nickel was established in Kola Peninsula, northern Russia. To study the effect of soil contamination by heavy metals without SO2 air pollution on the Scots pine trees growth the experiment was located outside the range of forest damage due to emissions from a copper–nickel smelter. Retardation in tree diameter growth over 15 years after contamination with 20 kg of metallurgical dust per 100 m2 plot was 54%, 10 kg 27%, 5 kg 16% and 2.5 kg 7%, respectively, compared with growth in control plots. Thus, decreasing Scots pine growth due to heavy metal pollution was demonstrated. 相似文献
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This study evaluated the heavy metal concentration in plant tissues of Jatropha curcas grown in crude oil contaminated soil in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria, in 2010. The soil treatments included 0.0, 2.0 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0% w/w oil contamination. The results showed a significant buildup of heavy metals including iron, zinc, cadmium, copper, manganese, lead, chromium, and nickel in contaminated soils when compared to the uncontaminated subplots (p ≤ .05). The amounts of metals observed in this study are below tolerable limits according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Federal Environmental Protection Agency of Nigeria. A gradual accumulation and biomagnifications of these nonbiodegradable elements in plants can lead to dangerous or lethal levels with inherent health risks for humans and other organisms. 相似文献
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10个常绿树种对砷汞铅镉铬的富积能力研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对10个常绿树种在昆钢污染区和对照叶片中砷、汞、铅、镉、铬5种重金属元素含量的试验测定,分析了各个树种对重金属的富积能力.结果表明,同一树种对不同类型重金属元素的富积能力不同,不同的树种对同一类型重金属的富积能力也有很大差异;参试的10个树种均对重金属元素表现出较好的抗性和富积能力,其中对砷、汞、铅、镉、铬的富积能力最强的树种分别是鳞斑荚蒾、红果树、鳞斑荚蒾、金叶子和云南泡花树.污染物中砷、铅、铬和镉的含量占了较大比重,各重金属元素在污染时存在相互关联.按综合富积能力排序,依次是鳞斑荚蒾>茶条木>云南泡花树>云南卫矛>红果树>飞蛾槭>子楝树>滇青冈>金叶子>云南木樨榄. 相似文献