木塑复合材料生产工艺与发展前景

木塑复合材料是一种既类似木材又优于木材的新型复合材料,其加工工艺与传统木质人造板产品有较大的差别.本文介绍了木塑复合材料的加工工艺与产品性能特点,论述了木塑复合材料的发展趋势及应用前景.     

木塑复合材料的应用及其发展前景

介绍了木塑复合材料的成分、加工工艺，该材料的适用范围及其力学性能，以及国内外木塑复合材料制品的发展现状和市场前景，为加快我国木塑复合材料产业的发展，提出了三点意见。     

木塑复合材料加工因素优势分析

在不同工艺条件下进行木塑复合材料加工试验,得到其不同试验条件下的力学性能;采用灰色关联分析的方法,分析了不同工艺条件对木塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,运用灰色关联分析方法分析不同木塑复合材料生产工艺对材料力学性能的影响具有可行性,同时提出一种新的木塑复合材料生产工艺分析方法。     

发泡木塑复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势

通过对国内外发泡木塑复合材料研究进展进行分析,系统的总结了影响发泡木塑复合材料的相关因素:发泡剂的种类和用量、界面改性方法、增强纤维的种类和添加量及加工工艺等,并提出了发泡木塑复合材料的研究趋势。     

改善模压成型木塑复合材料力学性能的途径

针对木塑未经处理模压成型的木纤维热塑性复合材料力学性能较差的问题,采用时木纤维、塑料改性提高相容性、选择合适的加工条件和木塑配比等方法达到改善性能的目的。     

国外木塑复合材料的发展及其应用

分析了木塑复合材料的特性,介绍了木塑复合材料的发展现状、应用领域及国外生产木塑复合材料设备的主要厂家.     

木塑复合材料的发展与应用前景展望

本文着重阐述了木塑复合材料的发展历史和其作为复合材料所具有的优良特性,并且结合木塑复合材料的基本性能,提出了木塑复合材料的开发具有广阔的应用前景。     

木塑复合材料的防霉分析与处理

随着木塑复合材料的广泛应用,其霉变情况也越来越受重视。本文论述了木塑复合材料霉变的影响因素,阐述了霉变产生的机理,同时介绍了几种实用的木塑复合材料防霉处理方法以及防霉木塑复合材料的应用情况。     

木塑复合材料在家具制造领域的发展机遇

木塑复合材料因其综合性能优越,尤其是因具有防蛀、耐腐、防水、抗潮等性能而被广泛关注,其作为新型环保材料在家具制造领域亦应具有很大发展空间。通过对近年来木塑复合材料与家具制造相关性能的研究进展、木塑家具制造技术发展现状、木塑家具设计理念发展状况三方面进行的梳理,可以看出家具用木塑复合材料有关材性研究在近10年中获得了迅速发展,木塑家具制造技术出现了较大进步,设计师对木塑复合材料的认识日益加深且木塑家具设计理念不断完善。从总体上看,木塑复合材料在家具制造领域的应用虽然刚刚起步,但已呈快速发展态势。木塑复合材料日益契合物联网时代家具制造业的发展需要,在家具制造领域具有巨大的潜在市场和广阔的应用前景。     

偶联剂对木塑复合材料界面相容性的影响

采用单因子试验法重点研究了钛酸酯和铝酸酯作为木塑复合材料的偶联剂对木塑复合材料界面相容性的影响, 通过ESEM和FTIR等现代分析手段,揭示了两种偶联剂的作用机制和影响规律。研究表明:加入钛酸酯或铝酸酯可改善木塑复合材料的力学性能,且随着钛酸酯或铝酸酯用量增大,木塑复合材料力学性能呈先增大后减小的趋势。加入钛酸酯使木塑复合材料主要力学性能明显增强,加入铝酸酯则略有改善。     

中国木材科学发展战略构想

文章介绍了我国木材科学的发展现状、木材科研体系和条件装备，以及国际合作和学术交流情况；讨论了我国木材科研面临的任务和机遇；提出了我国木材科学近期和最终战略目标；以及近期应优先发展的研究领域和重点课题。     

Effect of adding steam-exploded wood flour to thermoplastic polymer/wood composite

The effect of steam-exploded wood flour (SE) added to wood flour/plastic composite was examined using SE from beech, Japanese cedar, and red meranti and three kinds of thermoplastic polymer: polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene. Addition of SE increased the fracture strength and water resistance of the composite board to an extent dependent on the polymer species and the composition of wood/SE/polymer. However, water resistance decreased with the increasing proportion of SE when SE meranti was added. Effects of the wood species of SE on the properties of resulting board were small. An increased moisture content of wood flour or SE (or both) increased the variation of board performance.     

木塑复合材料的表面润湿性研究

热塑性聚合物之间的熔融共混改性和木材纤维与热塑性聚合物之间的复合,加入偶联剂均可提高复合材料的润湿性,对材料的相容有利;在偶联剂加入量相同的情况下,增加木材纤维的用量可以加速材料的润湿速度,有利于提高材料的润湿性;在热塑性聚合物用量一定的前提下,改变加入的增强材料的形状,对材料润湿性有影响,木材纤维可以提高复合材料的润湿性.     

木塑复合材料流变行为研究进展

木塑复合材料(WPC)是一种兼具有木材和塑料双重优点的新型复合材料,在建筑、家具、装饰、运输和汽车内衬等领域显示出独特的优势并得到了迅速发展。为了进一步降低成本和增强木质感,商业化WPC产品的木质纤维填充量在40%～60%,甚至超过70%。这种高的木质纤维填充量造成了WPC挤出加工困难,主要表现为不稳定流动及表面撕裂等现象的出现,由此导致产品质量差,加工效率低。目前,人们对这种高填充体系下WPC熔体的流变行为尚不完全理解,更是缺乏系统的理论基础。高填充体系下WPC熔体中木质纤维材料与木质纤维材料之间、木质纤维材料与聚合物基体之间相互作用增强,其中木质纤维材料(种类、尺寸、填充量)、聚合物基体的分子质量和分子质量分布、润滑剂、偶联剂都是该复杂体系流变行为的重要影响因素。本文对高木质纤维填充体系下WPC的流变行为研究进行系统回顾,以期为WPC的配方设计、工艺控制、加工设备升级和模具制造提供一定的理论基础和科学依据。     

木片热磨机械浆增强尼龙复合材料

本文研究了木片热磨机械浆 (TMP)增强尼龙复合材料的力学性能、热学性能、加工性能。用多元统计分析中的主成分分析法优化设计木片热磨机械浆增强尼龙复合材料 ,合理地确定多项性能兼优的最佳纤维含量。分析了复合材料的界面改性及其微观结构。在木片热磨机械浆与尼龙复合材料复合时加入具有线型结构的羧化聚合物偶联剂 ,会形成氢键结合 ,可提高木片热磨机械浆与尼龙之间的相容性 ,产生良好的界面粘合作用。     

Design of Wood/Montmorillonite (MMT) Intercalation NanocompositeCollege of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R.China

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed "one-step" or "two-step" impregnating processes.     

Design of wood/montmorillonite (MMT) intercalation nanocomposite

Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed “one-step” or “two-step” impregnating processes.     

不同改性剂对木塑复合材料性能的影响研究

采用木材纤维分别与PE、PS、ABS、SAN四种塑料制成木塑复合材料，根据物理力学性能的检测，研究了不同改性剂对木塑复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：加入改性剂能改善木材纤维与所用塑料交接性能，改性剂可以提高复合材料的力学强度；不同的改性剂对复合材料的性能产生不同的影响，异氰酸酯胶改性效果比较好。木塑复合材料既保持了木质材料原来的优良品质，又具有塑料的一些特性，其防水性、尺寸稳定性、力学强度等指标均有较大改善。图5参6。     

可降解木塑复合缓冲包装衬垫材料的研究综述

可降解木塑复合发泡材料的研究可提高木质剩余物的利用率,缓解资源短缺的压力,同时可以减少通用塑料发泡缓冲材料对环境的污染,具有重要的社会意义和经济效益.从天然纤维及其性质、增韧改性、界面相容性等方面对国内外可降解木塑复合发泡材料的研究现状进行分析,指出木塑复合发泡缓冲材料存在的问题,并对可降解木塑复合缓冲材料的发展趋势作出展望.     

Physical properties and molecular mobility of the new wood composite plastic “thermobalite”

At the Altai State University a new method of synthesizing composite materials from wood without using traditional chemical components has been developed. The foundation of the method is the physical and chemical treatment of cheap wood waste by hot water steam under pressure. The paper presents comparative results of an investigation into the structure and properties of the composite material “thermobalite” synthesized on the basis of birch wood. The investigation has been carried out using dynamic mechanical analysis, linear dilatometry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and other physical methods. It has been shown that “thermobalite” is a partially crystalline composite polymer, whose glass transition temperature is 80 °C lower compared to the initial wood. It has been established that preliminary moistening affects viscoelastic properties of “thermobalite”. Certain indicators of “thermobalite” as a structural material have been correlated with similar indicators of standard wood chip plates on the basis of phenolformaldehyde binders. Received 6 March 1997