竹材糠醇树脂改性研究初探

采用两种不同溶剂的糠醇溶液对竹材进行浸渍改性,并对改性后的竹材的力学性能、尺寸稳定性、平衡含水率及防霉性能进行测试。研究结果显示:以乙醇为溶剂的糠醇溶液改性竹材平均增重率(WPG)为5.21%,顺纹抗压强度增加37.26%,抗弯强度和模量增加不显著;平衡含水率降低25.97%;75%湿度状态到绝干状态的抗干缩系数为8.72%,物理力学性能均优于以水做溶剂的配方。经糠醇树脂改性后竹材的防霉性能改善显著,能有效减缓霉菌生长速度,经表面擦拭后,改性后的竹材表面霉变现象不显著,而对照样有明显的霉斑,糠醇树脂改性至少能有效改善竹材的防霉性能。     

硅溶胶与GU/GMU树脂复合改性橡胶木的性能

【目的】采用硅溶胶与乙二醛-尿素(GU)/乙二醛-三聚氰胺-尿素(GMU)树脂混合溶液浸渍处理橡胶木,探究改性剂种类和浓度对橡胶木物理力学性能和热稳定性的影响,以扩大橡胶木的应用范围,提升橡胶木的附加值。【方法】以乙二醛、三聚氰胺和尿素为主要原料,分别合成GU、GMU树脂,与硅溶胶以不同比例配制成均一稳定的水溶性混合溶液。采用混合溶液浸渍处理橡胶木,并与硅溶胶改性橡胶木的增重率、尺寸稳定性和力学性能进行比较,通过热重(TG)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和场发射扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱仪(FESEM-EDS)等手段,分析改性材的热性能、化学分子结构变化和微观构造。【结果】1)混合溶液改性材的增重率和尺寸稳定性随改性剂浓度增加而增大,当改性剂浓度相同时,S-GMU改性材的增重率和尺寸稳定性优于S-GU改性材; S-20%GMU改性材的增重率(28.32%)和抗胀缩率(42.02%)最大,相比S-20%GU改性材分别提高16.98%和14.40%。2)混合溶液改性材的抗弯强度随增重率增大而增加,S-20%GMU改性材的抗弯强度(114.96 MPa)相比S-20%GU改性材提高11.97%,弹性模量变化不大。3) S-GMU混合溶液起到稳定木材残留物的作用,S-GMU改性材热稳定性增强,S-20%GMU改性材残灰率分别是素材、硅溶胶改性材和S-20%GU改性材的5.25、1.20和1.12倍。4) S-GMU改性材在470 cm~(-1)和1 110 cm~(-1)附近出现Si—O—Si键和C—O—C醚键,说明硅溶胶和GMU树脂能够进入木材;同时,改性材在1 656 cm~(-1)和1 510 cm~(-1)处波峰强度下降,说明改性材的木质素和碳水化合物发生一定程度降解,其中S-20%GMU改性材降解程度最低。5)改性剂成功渗透并沉积在木材细胞腔和细胞壁中,S-20%GMU改性材中Si元素较多,Si元素与混合溶液分布均匀,改性剂浸渍效果更好; S-20%GMU改性材中N元素含量增多,说明GMU树脂能够进入木材。【结论】1)硅溶胶与GU/GMU树脂混合溶液浸渍处理橡胶木的增重率、尺寸稳定性和力学性能均优于硅溶胶改性材,且相同质量分数S-GMU改性材的性能优于S-GU改性材; 2)硅溶胶和GMU树脂成功渗透并沉积在木材细胞腔和细胞壁中,S-GMU混合溶液起到稳定木材残留物的作用,S-GMU改性材热稳定性增强。     

塑化改性竹材的物理力学性能及防霉性能

为了改善竹材及竹制品防霉和防蓝变性能,同时提高竹材尺寸稳定性,以低分子量不饱和酸、脂溶液为塑化改性剂,通过真空加压浸渍处理工艺进行竹材改性处理,并对竹材的物理、力学及防霉性能进行测试。结果显示,改性后竹材的一次增重率达25.6%:尺寸稳定性和顺纹抗压强度大幅提高:对霉菌及蓝变菌的防治效力达100%。     

热处理复合硅石溶液改性杨木的性能及机理研究北大核心

将硅石溶液经有机硅烷杂化后浸渍人工林杨木,再对其进行热处理,测试分析改性材的物理力学性能、化学结构及形貌特征,探讨木材联合改性机理。结果表明:1)复合硅石溶液改性使杨木的密度、强度和阻燃性均显著提高,但尺寸稳定性欠佳,热处理可明显增强其尺寸稳定性和阻燃性;2)改性剂填充固化于木材细胞腔,甚至渗入细胞壁中,可起到有效的增强作用;3)热处理可促进改性剂与木材组分发生稳固的Si—O—Si化学结合;4)联合改性材中Si原子配位数增多,缩聚固化程度更高,稳定性增强。复合硅石溶液/热处理联合改性是一种应用前景广阔的绿色木材改性技术。     

改性处理对木材涂饰性能影响研究进展北大核心

速生人工树种存在结构疏松、材质软、强度低等缺点,使用范围受限。为了提高速生材性能,可对木材进行改性处理以提高其强度、硬度、尺寸稳定性等性能。改性木材涂饰后,其表面材色较改性前加深,纹理更加清晰美观,表面更加富有光泽。综述了国内外改性材涂饰性能的研究进展,主要包括浸渍改性、高温热处理改性、浸渍改性联合高温热处理改性等。     

改性辐射松木材物理力学性能研究

研究了辐射松树脂浸渍材与热空气热处理树脂浸渍材、热压热处理树脂浸渍材的物理力学性能,为后续辐射松改性处理和加工利用提供参考。结果表明:相对于未处理材,浸渍处理提高了木材的密度、尺寸稳定性、力学性能;相对于浸渍材,热处理可进一步提高尺寸稳定性,但一定程度降低了力学强度。     

无机质复合速生材研究现状与展望

速生人工林种植面积大,生长周期短,在取代天然林资源方面具有得天独厚的产量优势,但存在结构疏松、密度小、强度低等缺陷,导致其使用范围大受限制。使用无机材料对人工速生材进行改性处理可有效提高速生材性能和用途。文中简要总结无机质复合木材制备方法——扩散法、溶胶—凝胶法和真空浸渍法,以及无机材料改性处理对速生木材在力学性能、尺寸稳定性、阻燃性、表面疏水性和表面耐候性方面的改善,以期为人工林速生材无机材料改性提供技术参考。     

脲醛树脂浸渍轻木改性工艺及性能研究

对脲醛树脂（UF）浸渍改性轻木木材工艺、超临界CO2处理对轻木木材的浸渍性影响以及浸渍改性轻木木材的物理力学性能进行了研究。不同超临界CO2处理和浸渍工艺条件对改性材的增重率、体积湿胀率和顺纹抗压强度均有影响,与其素材相比,浸渍改性轻木木材的尺寸稳定性和力学性能显著提高,在显微镜下观察到有较多树脂分布在导管和木射线细胞中。     

硼化物抗流失性能的改善

在硼化物中添加少量聚合场，用此混合溶液处理的木材，其防腐性能不受影响，而防腐剂的抗流失性能却明显得到改善，同时处理材的尺寸稳定性得到了提高。本研究是一种将木材防腐和改性结合起来的处理方法，简单实用，提高了木材的使用价值。     

原竹增强空心刨花板材性分析及其轴向抗压稳定性设计

以小径级原竹为增强材料,改善空心刨花板(EP)主要物理力学性能。同时,通过LVL和胶合板,对原竹增强刨花板进行覆面改性,为新材料的开发利用提供参考。通过对复合材料物理、力学指标进行测试,评定材料性能。并基于欧拉公式,对其作为轴向抗压材料进行稳定性设计。结果表明:原竹结构对EP材性有显著性影响,力学性能和尺寸稳定性均显著提高。其中,竹青对复合材料的内结合强度(IB)具有一定影响;原竹和覆面材料的加入可综合改善EP尺寸稳定性。不同覆面材料对吸水厚度膨胀率(TS)影响不显著,但对长度方向尺寸变化(LDC)影响显著;LVL改性材(LBRP)抗弯性能优于胶合板改性材(PBRP)。其中LBRP材料静曲强度(MOR)达到37.84 MPa,弹性模量(MOE)达14 577 MPa;不同覆面材料对MOR和MOE均有显著影响,但对MOE影响更为显著。此外,通过理论设计和计算,得到了轴向抗压材料的安全设计参考值范围。     

Characterization of bagasse binderless particleboard manufactured in high-temperature range

This paper describes the features of binderless particleboard manufactured from sugarcane bagasse, under a high pressing temperature of 200–280 °C. Mechanical properties [i.e., modulus of rupture (MOR) and elasticity (MOE) in dry and wet conditions, internal bonding strength (IB)] and dimensional stability [i.e., thickness swelling (TS)] of the board were evaluated to investigate the effect of high pressing temperature. Recycled chip binderless particleboards were manufactured under the same conditions for comparison, and particleboards bonded with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) resin were manufactured as reference material. The target density was 0.8 g/cm³ for all of the boards. The results showed that the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of both types of binderless boards were improved by increasing the pressing temperature. Bagasse showed better performance than that of recycled chip as a raw material in all evaluations. Bagasse binderless particleboard manufactured at 260 °C had an MOE value of 3.5 GPa, which was equivalent to the PMDI particleboard, and a lower TS value of 3.7 % than that of PMDI particleboard. The MOR retention ratio under the dry and wet conditions was 87.0 %, while the ratio for the PMDI particleboard was only 54.6 %. The obtained results showed the possibility of manufacturing high-durability binderless particleboard, with good dimensional stability and water resistance, which previously were points of weakness for binderless boards. Manufacturing binderless boards under high temperature was effective even when using particles with poor contact area, and it was possible to express acceptable properties to allow the manufacture of particleboards. Further chemical analysis indicated a contribution of a saccharide in the bagasse to the improvement of the board properties.     

Fabrication of amphiphobic softwood and hardwood by treatment with non-fluorinated chemicals

Amphiphobic wood has successfully been fabricated using a combination of O₂ plasma surface activation and coating of pre-hydrolyzed methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS). The effect of O₂ plasma activation on surface chemistry and surface roughness was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and laser scanning confocal microscope profilometry, respectively. Pre-hydrolyzed MTMS was used to impart oleophobicity to both softwood and hardwood samples with tunable hydrophilicity by adjusting the sonication time during pre-hydrolysis. Depending on hydrolysis time, the coated wood samples display wetting behavior ranging from superhydrophilic/oleophobic (immediate water absorption; motor oil contact angles 63.5° for hardwood and 62.4° for softwood) to amphiphobic (water contact angles 104.3° for hardwood and 91.1° for softwood; motor oil contact angles 68.7° for hardwood and 63.9° for softwood), without affecting visual appearance of the wood. For all plasma-activated MTMS-coated wood samples, no absorption of motor oil is observed for several months, indicating stable oil resistance. The intrinsic porosity of wood is also partially retained after coating.     

废旧刨花板循环利用技术的研究

探讨利用废旧刨花板循环制造刨花板的技术.采用高压水煮、水煮、汽蒸和直接粉碎4种方法制备刨花,通过比较刨花的筛分值和压制刨花板的主要物理力学性能,得出最佳的处理方法为水煮.试验压制的一次循环水煮和二次循环水煮刨花板的性能,可分别达到GB/T 4897.5-2003和GB/T 4897.3-2003的要求.     

秸秆刨花板性能分析

对普通木质刨花板、麦秸刨花板及稻草刨花板进行了密度、含水率、吸水厚度膨胀率、静曲强度和弹性模量、内结合强度、表面结合强度及握钉力的测试,结果表明,麦秸刨花板在强度方面不及木质刨花板,稻草刨花板在抗弯性能上也无法满足要求,两种秸秆板的握钉力都较差。产生上述差距的关键原因是板坯的密度,另外,与原料形态、加工工艺、机械设备等也有关系。     

超疏水纤维素复合气凝胶的制备及其油水分离

纤维素气凝胶因具有强亲水性和低油水选择性,且目前纤维素气凝胶表面的疏水化处理过程较冗长,限制了其在油水分离领域的应用。为了解决上述问题,笔者以硫酸水解微晶纤维素制备得到的纳米纤维素(CNC)为原料,利用甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)在水相中对其进行硅烷化改性,通过冷冻干燥得到了硅烷化纤维素复合气凝胶。结果表明:所制备的纤维素复合气凝胶具有轻质、多孔特性,随着MTMS添加量的增加,密度逐渐升高(≤0.012 0 g/cm^3),孔隙率略有下降; MTMS的加入对纤维素复合气凝胶的微观形貌影响不大,其骨架结构以二维片层形貌为主,聚甲基硅氧烷均匀地包覆在纤维素片层表面; MTMS的加入使纤维素复合气凝胶的热稳定性明显提高,且未改变纤维素气凝胶的晶型结构,但导致其结晶度逐渐下降。纤维素复合气凝胶的表面接触角随着MTMS添加量的增加而升高,最高达到153.7°,表现出优异的超亲油/超疏水性能。作为吸油材料,超疏水纤维素复合气凝胶不仅可以吸附多种油类和有机溶剂(吸附容量达到52～121 g/g),而且表现出很好的循环使用性能。     

Effect of log position in European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) tree on the technological properties of particleboard

The impact of log position in European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) tree on the physical, mechanical, and surface properties of the particleboard was investigated. The logs were divided into five segments from the butt to the top of tree, which were 0–3 m, 3–6 m, 6–9 m, 9–12 m, and 12–15 m, respectively. The fiber length and wall thickness of the wood decreased with the increase in the tree height while the lumen diameter decreased. Similarly, the amount of cellulose and lignin decreased with the increase in tree height while the amount of hemicelluloses increased. The highest solubility values (hot and cold water, NaOH, and alcohol-benzene) and pH of the wood were found in the butt log, followed by the middle log, and top log, respectively. The physical (thickness swelling, water absorption) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond), and surface quality (surface roughness and contact angle) of the particleboards were negatively affected by increasing tree height. The best properties were obtained for the particleboards produced from the particles of the butt log (0–3 m).     

Elastic properties of the extruded tubular particleboard

Abstract

Particleboard can be commonly produced by flat-pressing and extrusion methods. The elastic properties of the flat-pressed particleboard have been studied a lot, but the extruded particleboard has not had much attention. Six elastic properties of two commercial extruded tubular particleboards with different solid density were measured by a three-point bending test and electric resistance gages method. The elastic modulus in the extruded direction of the tubular particleboard is only one-tenth of the other two directions. The extruded tubular particleboard can not only be regarded as an orthotropic material but also a transverse surface isotropic material. The isotropic plane is the transverse section of the extruded particleboard which is different from the flat-pressed particle with the length–width plane as the isotropic plane. The checking of the data we measured demonstrated suitability and rationality.     

Evaluation of particleboard deterioration under outdoor exposure using several different types of weathering intensity

The deterioration of particleboards for construction use was investigated by outdoor exposure tests at eight sites in Japan over 7 years. Two types of particleboard with different water resistances were tested and the deterioration of mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture, internal bond strength and lateral nail resistance was investigated. In order to eliminate regional differences in the board deterioration and also to standardize a deterioration factor for the board exposed to varying climate conditions, we introduced the weathering intensity (WI) defined by monthly precipitation multiplied by monthly average temperature. The significance of this factor was investigated by correlation analysis. Three conventional climate indexes relevant to the durability of wood were also investigated to analyze their significance to WI for particleboard deterioration. It was found that our definition of weathering intensity was the most accurate and the exposure period that reduces initial bending strength by half was calculated by the use of regression analysis for several different sites worldwide.     

Upgrading of urea formaldehyde-bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards using silane coupling agents

Reed and wheat straw particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin were manufactured from two different material configurations (i.e., fine and coarse particles). The board densities were in the range of 0.550–.90g/cm³. The effects of particle size and board density on the board properties were examined. The properties of particleboard produced from fine particles were better than those made from coarse particles. An increase in board density resulted in a corresponding improvement in the board properties. The properties of OF bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards were relatively lower than those of commercial particleboards. Three silane coupling agents were used to improve the bondability between the reed and wheat particles and OF resin. Results of this study indicate that all the board properties were improved by the addition of silane coupling agent. The degree of improvement achieved from each coupling agent was different; epoxide silane was found to be more effective for reed straw particleboard, and amino silane was better for wheat straw particleboard.     

Biological performance of particleboard incorporated with boron minerals

We compared resistance to decay, mold fungi,termites and insect larvae of particleboards incorporated with the raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite to that of particleboards impregnated with the commercial boron preservative zinc borate, or boric acid plus a borax mixture.We also quantified water absorption, thickness swell and boron release of particleboards. Ulexite had the best decay resistance, and colemanite had the best termite resistance.However, ulexite and colemanite were not as effective as zinc borate or the boric acid/borax mixture in preventing mold growth. In general, the boric acid/borax mixture combination was more effective against Anobium larvae than the other treatments. Less boron was released by specimens containing zinc borate and colemanite than bythose containing ulexite or the boric acid/borax mixture. In general, water absorption and thickness swell were similar among the different treatments, but both were slightly higher in the ulexite-incorporated specimens. Further mechanical tests will be needed to evaluate the particleboard properties and thereby the compatibility of these boron minerals with various manufacturing processes.