杨木和辐射松树脂增强改性材机械加工性能研究

为考察杨木和辐射松树脂浸渍材的机械加工性能,参照LY/T 2054—2012《锯材机械加工性能评价方法》,分别对杨木和辐射松的素材与树脂浸渍材及其经过真空热处理的树脂浸渍材的刨削、铣削、钻削、开榫和车削5种机械加工性能进行测试评价。结果表明:1)本试验范围内,在综合评分满分40分情况下,杨木素材、树脂浸渍材和真空热处理树脂浸渍材的总评分分别为20分、30分和25分;辐射松素材、树脂浸渍材和真空热处理树脂浸渍材的总评分分别为24分、33分和29分;树脂浸渍材机械加工综合性能最佳,热处理树脂浸渍材次之;2)杨木和辐射松的树脂浸渍材及其真空热处理树脂浸渍材的刨削、铣削性能均为优秀,车削性能均为良好;杨木和辐射松的树脂浸渍材及辐射松真空热处理树脂材开榫性能良好;钻削性能仅辐射松树脂浸渍材达到优秀;3)辐射松素材与改性处理材的机械加工性能均优于杨木,综合比较,辐射松树脂浸渍材具有较佳的机械加工性能。     

二氧化硅联合热处理改性对橡胶木性能的影响

为弥补热处理材的力学性能损失,利用二氧化硅联合热处理改性橡胶木。在热处理橡胶木前后分别真空浸渍二氧化硅前躯体溶液,热处理温度200℃,保温时间2 h。对未处理材、热处理材、浸渍-热处理材与热处理-浸渍材的力学性能、尺寸稳定性以及热稳定性进行对比分析。结果表明,与热处理材相比,浸渍-热处理材与热处理-浸渍材的抗弯强度分别提高28.97%和18.88%,抗压强度分别提高26.65%和38.91%。与未处理材相比,热处理材、浸渍-热处理材和热处理-浸渍材的吸水性与湿胀性均有所降低。热重分析表明,浸渍热处理材的热降解速率低于热处理材,说明二氧化硅与木材的结合阻碍了热分解以及木质基的完全裂解,木材的热稳定性有所提高。红外光谱分析显示,浸渍-热处理材上出现了Si—O—Si特征峰,说明木材内部有二氧化硅生成。X射线衍射分析结果表明,木材的纤维素衍射峰位置无变化,说明浸渍二氧化硅处理未破坏纤维素的结晶结构。     

脲醛树脂浸渍轻木改性工艺及性能研究

对脲醛树脂（UF）浸渍改性轻木木材工艺、超临界CO2处理对轻木木材的浸渍性影响以及浸渍改性轻木木材的物理力学性能进行了研究。不同超临界CO2处理和浸渍工艺条件对改性材的增重率、体积湿胀率和顺纹抗压强度均有影响,与其素材相比,浸渍改性轻木木材的尺寸稳定性和力学性能显著提高,在显微镜下观察到有较多树脂分布在导管和木射线细胞中。     

热处理对竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

毛竹竹材的纤维化单板经高温处理后,热压制备成竹基纤维复合材料(BFC).分析热处理对纤维化竹单板化学性能的影响及热处理对BFC表面颜色、尺寸稳定性、力学性能的影响.结果表明:纤维化竹单板经热处理后,其综纤维素和d-纤维素的含量相对于未处理材显著降低,其中半纤维素含量降幅最大；热处理后竹材的pH值相对于未处理材显著降低,碱缓冲容量显著增大,而酸缓冲容量降低.由纤维化竹单板经热处理后制备的BFC,表面颜色变深,吸水厚度膨胀率和吸水宽度膨胀率相对于未处理材显著降低,尺寸稳定性得到改善；材料的静曲强度和水平剪切强度相对于未处理材显著降低,且随着蒸汽压力的增大和热处理时间的增长呈逐渐降低的趋势,而弹性模量变化不显著.     

糠醇浸渍对杨木压缩材物理力学性能的影响

压缩密实化是提升低质木材品质的有效手段,但遇水回弹是其主要技术难题,本研究旨在探讨糠醇树脂浸渍实现压缩木定型与改性同步的技术可行性。以西南乡土树种乡城杨木材为对象,研究了糠醇浸渍处理对其压缩材吸水性、尺寸稳定性、颜色和力学性质的影响,并以后期热处理的影响作为对照进行比较。结果表明:糠醇浸渍增重44.8%,能降低压缩木吸水率63%,提升其尺寸稳定性,吸水厚度回弹率只有4.38%~5.97%;相比于未压缩杨木,糠醇浸渍压缩材的抗弯强度和表面硬度显著提高,增幅分别为89.1%和131.1%,但抗弯弹性模量只增加16.1%;糠醇浸渍的压缩材具有酷似热带硬阔叶材的深色,明度和黄蓝度降幅大;相比于后期热处理,糠醇浸渍对压缩材的定型效果略佳,且力学性质明显较优。因此,糠醇树脂浸渍技术不仅能良好固定压缩木变形,还可显著增强低质木材的力学性质,同时具有环境友好性。     

辐射松处理材制备实木家具节点性能研究

为探讨改性辐射松应用于实木家具几种连接方式节点的接合强度,以辐射松树脂材与真空热处理树脂材为基材,采用力学试验方法测定"T"型与"L"型构件节点的破坏弯矩并分析其破坏特征。结果表明:相同条件下,树脂材节点接合强度大于热处理树脂材,贯通直角单榫双圆棒榫普通三合一连接件,"T"型构件节点接合强度大于"L"型构件,改性辐射松节点接合强度在一定条件下接近优质木材的节点接合强度。改性辐射松木材可满足实木家具对节点接合强度的要求,具备制造中高档松木家具的可行性。     

热处理对进口辐射松木材抗弯性能和尺寸稳定性的影响

对进口辐射松木材分别以4个温度水平和3个时间水平进行热处理。结果显示:随着温度升高,试材抗弯弹性模量呈现波动式变化,200℃时出现最大值;抗弯强度逐渐减小;随时间延长,抗弯性能均缓慢下降。热处理可有效提高试材尺寸稳定性,试材平衡含水率、阻湿率和抗胀率主要受温度影响,受热处理时间的影响较小。     

改性处理对木材涂饰性能影响研究进展北大核心

速生人工树种存在结构疏松、材质软、强度低等缺点,使用范围受限。为了提高速生材性能,可对木材进行改性处理以提高其强度、硬度、尺寸稳定性等性能。改性木材涂饰后,其表面材色较改性前加深,纹理更加清晰美观,表面更加富有光泽。综述了国内外改性材涂饰性能的研究进展,主要包括浸渍改性、高温热处理改性、浸渍改性联合高温热处理改性等。     

热处理对进口辐射松木材抗弯性能和 尺寸稳定性的影响

对进口辐射松木材分别以4个温度水平和3个时间水平进行热处理。结果显示：随着温度升高，试材抗弯弹性模量呈现波动式变化，200 ℃时出现最大值；抗弯强度逐渐减小；随时间延长，抗弯性能均缓慢下降。热处理可有效提高试材尺寸稳定性，试材平衡含水率、阻湿率和抗胀率主要受温度影响，受热处理时间的影响较小。     

浸渍后处理及干燥处理对木材树脂浸渍改性效果的影响

【目的】探讨不同浸渍后处理方式和干燥方式对MUF树脂浸渍材增重率和尺寸稳定性的影响,为树脂浸渍改性技术提供参考和借鉴。【方法】利用5%、10%、15%和25%浓度的MUF树脂真空加压浸渍毛白杨木材,每种浓度树脂浸渍后试样首先分别进行4种方式浸渍后处理(气干处理7天、高湿度环境中平衡处理7天、树脂溶液中平衡处理7天以及不进行气干或平衡处理),然后分别利用2种干燥方式(直接干燥和湿干燥)进行干燥处理,干燥处理后测量不同处理条件下树脂浸渍材的增重率和容胀率,最后将素材和树脂浸渍材置于蒸馏水中常压浸渍14天,测试树脂浸渍材的抗胀率和径弦向差异湿胀程度。【结果】木材增重率与树脂浓度呈正相关关系,4种浓度树脂浸渍后试样增重率分别为9.7%、19.1%、28.4%和50.0%;不同浸渍后处理试样间的增重率差别不大;相同浸渍后处理条件下,直接干燥试样的增重率略低于湿干燥试样的增重率。树脂浸渍后,置于高湿度环境或树脂溶液中处理的试样,细胞壁容胀率较高;相同浸渍后处理条件下(除气干处理外),直接干燥试样的细胞壁容胀率低于湿干燥试样的细胞壁容胀率。树脂浸渍材抗胀率的变化规律与其细胞壁容胀率的变化规律基本一致。随着增重率增加,树脂浸渍材的径弦向湿胀率均降低,而其径弦向差异湿胀程度呈增加趋势,低增重率时试样的径弦向差异湿胀程度低于素材,而增重率超过30%左右时试样的径弦向差异湿胀程度高于素材。【结论】1)相同浓度树脂浸渍条件下,干燥方式对增重率的影响大于浸渍后处理方式,湿干燥处理有利于树脂在木材内部良好固着,从而获得更高的增重率;2)细胞壁容胀率受浸渍后处理方式和干燥方式二者的共同影响,置于高湿度环境或树脂溶液中的浸渍后处理有利于树脂继续扩散到木材细胞壁,湿干燥处理有利于树脂进一步扩散到木材细胞壁中并良好固着,从而对细胞壁产生更好的容胀效应;3)树脂浸渍材的抗胀率与细胞壁容胀率密切相关,树脂对细胞壁的容胀是树脂浸渍材尺寸稳定性提高的前提;4)树脂浸渍材的径弦向差异湿胀程度随增重率增加而有所增加。     

Strength properties of thermally modified softwoods and its relation to polymeric structural wood constituents

Thermal modification at relatively high temperatures (ranging from 150 to 260 °C) is an effective method to improve the dimensional stability and resistance against fungal attack. This study was performed to investigate the impact of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of wood. An industrially-used two-stage heat treatment method under relative mild conditions (< 200 °C) was used to treat the boards. Heat treatment revealed a clear effect on the mechanical properties of softwood species. The tensile strength parallel to the grain showed a rather large decrease, whereas the compressive strength parallel to the fibre increased after heat treatment. The bending strength, which is a combination of the tensile stress, compressive stress and shear stress, was lower after heat treatment. This decrease was less than the decrease of only the tensile strength. The impact strength showed a rather large decrease after heat treatment. An increase of the modulus of elasticity during the bending test has been noticed after heat treatment. Changes and/or modifications of the main wood components appear to be involved in the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties. The possible effect of degradation and modification of hemicelluloses, degradation and/or crystallization of amorphous cellulose, and polycondensation reactions of lignin on the mechanical properties of heat treated wood have been discussed. The effect of natural defects, such as knots, resin pockets, abnormal slope of grain and reaction wood, on the strength properties of wood appeared to be affected by heat treatment. Nevertheless, heat treated timber shows potential for use in constructions, but it is important to carefully consider the stresses that occur in a construction and some practical consequences when heat treated timber is used.     

杨木材性对酚醛树脂浸渍改性材的影响

采用低分子量酚醛树脂对速生杨木进行浸渍处理、干燥定型,使树脂固化制得改性材。试验表明：低分子量酚醛树脂对杨木具有较好的浸注性,改性材的密度和力学强度均有明显的提高,两组试件改性后浸注性和密度相差不大,但前期经过热水处理的试件改性后密度相对均匀,力学强度略好于直接浸渍的试件。杨木自身材性对改性后物理力学性能的影响各不相同,在实际生产中要根据指标的重要性程度选取最佳方案。     

The modification of wood by treatment with low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin: a properties enhancement with neutralized phenolic-resin and resin penetration into wood cell walls

To enhance dimensional stability and biological properties, low molecular weight phenolic resins of a conventional alkaline type and neutralized type were impregnated into Japanese cedar wood (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and heat-cured. The treatment with the neutralized type resin retained the original wood color, whereas the alkaline treatment changed the color of wood to red-brown. The concentrations of the resin solutions and the weight gains due to the resin loading of wood after treatment were highly correlated, and the target resin loading could be assessed from the solution concentration. A high dimensional stability of 60% antiswelling efficiency was attained when both types of resins were impregnated at about 30% resin loading and no significant difference was recognized between the two. To suppress decay attack from brown-rot and white-rot fungi, 15% and 10% resin loading due to treatment was required for the neutralized and alkaline types of phenolic resins, respectively. The penetration of resin into wood cell walls was investigated by means of light microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA). A m-Bromophenol-formaldehyde resin of three levels of an average molecular weight was used to detect the presence of resin by bromine signals. The phenolic resins with low and medium molecular weights (290 and 470) were shown to penetrate into the cell walls the furthest, thereby contributing to the enhancement of dimensional stability and decay resistance in the resin-impregnated wood. Also, for phenolic resin with a high molecular weight (820), only the resin components of low molecular weight appeared to be present in the walls, making very little contribution to the dimensional stability.     

Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poplar Modified by Phenol-formaldehyde Resin

Impregnation method can effectively improve physical and mechanical properties of wood. In this study, plantation poplar lumbers are impregnated by a low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde resin solution with concentration of 30% under vacuum-pressure process, and then dried and machined according to the related standards. The results show that the physical and mechanical properties of poplar can be improved by the treatment, except for toughness. The average density of poplar increases from 0.397 to 0.71...     

马尾松木材热处理研究

采用单因素试验方法对马尾松木材进行热处理研究,选用温度和时间两个因素,比较了热处理和未处理马尾松木材的物理力学性质、色差和甲醛吸收率等性能。研究认为:热处理材的颜色随着热处理温度的升高和热处理时间的增加而变黑,并且热处理温度对热处理材的影响比热处理时间的影响要大。低温热处理时生产的热处理材的湿胀率比高温热处理生产的热处理材的湿胀率高,尺寸稳定性差。热处理材的静曲强度MOR和弹性模量MOE随着热处理温度和热处理时间的增加而降低。顺纹抗压强度变化较小。热处理材对甲醛有明显的吸收作用,是用于室内装饰的良好环保型材料。     

预压缩处理施胶技术提高杨木重组木尺寸稳定性的研究

高性能重组木制造技术可将速生材制造成具有高强度和天然木材纹理结构的新型木材,从而提高速生材的附加值。然而,采用此技术制备的重组木虽然尺寸稳定性显著高于传统工艺制备的重组木,但是仍不能满足室外用材的需求。为提高室外用重组木的尺寸稳定性,采用预压缩处理施胶技术对木单板施胶后制备高性能重组木,通过扫描电镜、压汞仪、激光共聚焦显微镜和超景深显微镜,研究了预压缩处理施胶技术对木单板和重组木的形貌和胶液分布的影响,及其对重组木尺寸稳定性和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:预压缩处理施胶技术增大了木单板的比表面积,使胶液在单板和重组木中分布更均匀,而且显著降低了重组木的吸水厚度膨胀率(TSR)和吸水宽度膨胀率(WSR)。在63℃/24 h的水煮测试中,TSR和WSR相比未处理材分别降低43.34%和12.82%;在28 h循环测试中,TSR和WSR相比未处理材分别降低50.94%和51.48%。因此,采用预压缩处理施胶技术制备的重组木尺寸稳定性相比未处理材显著提高。同时,重组木的静曲强度、弹性模量和剪切强度相比未处理材分别提高1.63%,12.15%和21.34%。     

热固性树脂真空加压浸注工艺条件的研究

以西南桦和械木为研究对象，探索不同种类的热固性树脂和不同浸注条件与树脂浸入量和改性材尺寸稳定性的关系。研究结果表明，不同树脂，甚至同一树脂对不同树种的木材具有不同的浸注性，其浸入量随加压浸注时间的延长而增加；木材心边材对树脂的接收能力有所不同；木材性能的改善程度因树种和树脂浸入量而异。     

Effects of impregnation and heat treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood

Wood modification, of which thermal modification is one of the best-known methods, offers possible improvement in wood properties without imposing undue strain on the environment. This study investigates improvement of the properties of heat-treated solid wood. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) was modified in two stages: impregnation with modifiers followed by heat treatment at different temperatures. The impregnation was done with water glass, melamine, silicone, and tall oil. The heat treatment was performed at the temperatures of 180°C and 212°C for three hours. The modified samples were analyzed using performance indicators and scanning electron microscope micrographs. The mechanical and physical properties were determined with water absorption, swelling, bending strength, and impact strength tests. All the modifiers penetrated better into sapwood than hardwood; however, there were significant differences in the impregnation behavior of the modifiers. As regards the effect of heat treatment, generally the moisture properties were improved and mechanical strengths impaired with increasing treatment temperature. In contrast to previous studies, the bending strength increased after melamine impregnation and mild heat treatment. It is concluded that the properties of impregnated wood can be enhanced by moderate heat treatment.     

浸渍高温热处理改性桉木力学性能分析

以脲醛树脂作为浸渍剂,纳米SiO_2作为改性材料对速生桉木进行改性处理,以纳米SiO_2质量与脲醛树脂浸渍溶液固含量的质量比(W)、高温处理温度(H)和时间(T)作为影响因素,探究浸渍高温热处理改性对速生桉木力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:浸渍高温热处理能够提高桉木的握钉力、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量。当W为2%、H为180℃、T为4 h时,浸渍热处理桉木的径面和弦面握钉力达到了理想值;当W为1%、H为160℃、T为4 h时,浸渍热处理桉木的端面握钉力较为理想;当W为1%,H为160℃、T为2 h时,浸渍热处理桉木具有较好的抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量。     

热处理对木材力学性能的影响综述

热处理可有效提高木材尺寸稳定性,同时对木材力学性能也有明显的影响。文中按照力学指标分别综述热处理工艺对静曲强度/弹性模量、抗压强度、脆性/冲击韧性及其他力学性能的影响,进而总结热处理对木材力学性能影响机理的研究进展;提出可以从以下方面深化热处理技术的研发:一是热处理技术研发时宜根据应用领域科学选择合适的力学指标,二是进一步拓展热处理介质以控制力学性能损失,三是进一步探索热处理对木材不同力学指标的影响机理。