鲜叶保存方法对杜鹃红山茶基因组DNA提取的影响

以富含次生代谢物的杜鹃红山茶嫩叶为材料,研究了杜鹃红山茶鲜叶保存方法及其基因组DNA提取方法。结果表明,改进的CTAB和SDS区室法都适合杜鹃红山茶基因组DNA的提取,能提取到完整性较好、纯度较高的基因组DNA。采用-20℃、液氮、硅胶脱水干燥3种方法保存样品,均可获得高质量DNA,说明硅胶脱水干燥法保存样品的方法可行,为远距离采样提取杜鹃红山茶DNA提供了一种较好的鲜叶保存方法。     

金叶含笑叶片基因组DNA提取方法的比较

以金叶含笑叶片为实验材料,分别采用CTAB法、改良CTAB法、简易提取方法、高盐沉淀法和SDS法5种方法提取金叶含笑叶片的基因组DNA,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计及ISSR扩增3种方法对所提取的DNA样品进行检测.DNA纯度、含量比较以及扩增结果表明:5种方法中简易提取法和SDS法提取的DNA纯度较高.高盐沉淀法得到的DNA产量较高.5种方法提取的DNA用于ISSR扩增,其扩增结果基本一致.简易提取方法操作简单.省时省力,是用于ISSR扩增的金叶含笑基因组DNA提取的最佳选择.     

鼠类标本中DNA提取方法的优化及PCR检测

为探讨鼠类标本DNA提取方法,提取鲜样、盐渍、干制等不同处理方式保存的棕背鼠平Myodes rufocanus样本DNA,通过对mtDNA控制区序列PCR检测,经序列测定和比对分析,证明提取的DNA为目的鼠类DNA,试验方法可行。不同方法保存的鼠样本可作为科学研究资源。     

大叶栎总DNA两种提取方法的比较

对大叶栎的总DNA两种提取方法进行对比试验,从外观、浓度、A260/A280、A260/A230、电泳检查和ISSR扩增对所提取到的DNA进行对比,结果显示用改良CTAB法提取的DNA在各方面都达到ISSR扩增的要求,是大叶栎总DNA提取的较好方法。     

一种经济有效的森林土壤粗品DNA纯化方法

尽管人们采用多种提取方法乃至使用商品试剂盒,但从森林土壤中获得纯品DNA仍然是比较困难的事情。本文经多次研究探索提出了一种经济有效的森林土壤粗品DNA进一步纯化方法。此方法由两步组成:1.利用提取缓冲液将提取的粗品DNA溶解,经氯仿/异戊醇去除杂质后,再用异内醇沉淀析出DNA;2.使用普通凝胶回收试剂盒回收柱进一步纯化DNA。结果表明:经第一步纯化后,82%-91%腐殖酸杂质被除去。经第二步纯化后,残留的少量腐殖酸杂质被去除干净。经上述连续的两步纯化后获得的DNA非常纯净,可直接用于对抑制物非常敏感的常规PCR反应。本研究报道的DNA进一步纯化方法有效、经济且省时。此外,采用其它各种提取方法获得的土壤粗品DNA均可使用本方法进一步纯化。图4表2参15。     

白草种子基因组DNA五种提取方法的比较

用5种方法 (传统CTAB法、改良CTAB法、高盐低p H法、改良SDS法、试剂盒法)对白草种子基因组DNA进行提取,分别用紫外分光光度计法、琼脂糖凝胶电泳法、PCR扩增检测提取的DNA的质量。结果表明,传统CTAB法提取的DNA浓度低,含有较多杂质,抑制PCR反应;改良SDS法和改良CTAB法提取的DNA纯度低,不符合检测要求;高盐低pH法和试剂盒法提取的DNA纯度高、完整性好,但试剂盒法成本高、DNA得率低。所以高盐低pH法为5种方法中最经济、效果最好的白草种子DNA提取方法。     

槭属树种DNA提取方法比较研究

采用3种DNA提取方法对8种槭属树种基因组DNA进行质量、浓度和纯度对比研究,结果表明,3种方法提取的基因组DNA差异较大,浓度由高到低依次为改良CTAB法TIANGEN试剂盒法改良SDS法;提取的基因组DNA纯度为TIANGEN试剂盒法CTAB法SDS法。3种方法中TIANGEN试剂盒法提取的槭属树种基因组DNA含有的杂质最少,但成本较高;改良CTAB法提取的基因组DNA质量、浓度和纯度均优于改良SDS方法,适用于槭属树种的后续研究。     

试剂盒法提取山杨基因组DNA的条件优化

利用DNA提取试剂盒提取山杨叶片DNA,对其过程进行改良优化,从而获得一种快速、简便的提取山杨高质量基因组DNA的方法.在原试剂盒的操作基础上,对异丙醇是否冰预冷、消化时间、洗脱液用量、材料用量等条件进行了优化,并对所提取的基因组DNA的浓度、纯度进行了检测.优化后的方法提取到了较高质量的山杨基因组DNA.     

森林植物分子生态学的研究方法

森林植物分子生态学的核心内容是检测其群落、种群、个体水平上的遗传多样性.较详细地综述了DNA水平上森林植物分子生态学的研究方法:DNA分子标记、DNA测序、基因克隆技术、DNA芯片技术的的原理和方法;简要介绍了蛋白质水平上的研究方法:等位酶分析和蛋白质组学的原理和方法.     

杜鹃基因组DNA提取方法的研究及应用

杜鹃是广泛分布于北亚热带地区的常绿或者落叶灌木。本研究以杜鹃成熟叶片为材料,比较了4种方法提取基因组DNA的效率,并分别采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度计检测所提取DNA的浓度和纯度,用ISSR和SSR两类分子标记进一步检测了DNA的质量。结果表明改良的3×CTAB法提取的基因组DNA效果最好,提取的DNA浓度为487.9μg/mL,得率为81.31μg/g,该种方法提取的DNA可直接用于分子标记扩增分析。因此,3×CTAB法是一种高效、可靠且非常适合杜鹃等灌木植物分子生物学研究的DNA提取方法。     

植物DNA条形码研究进展

DNA条形码技术是利用标准的、具有足够变异的、易扩增且相对较短的DNA片段在物种内的特异性和种间的多样性而创建的一种新的生物身份识别系统,从而实现对物种的快速自动鉴定。本文从植物DNA条形码的开发、应用、国内研究现状、植物DNA条形码面临的挑战以及发展前景等进行了综合分析,以期推动我国植物DNA条形码和分类学研究的发展。     

The application of a DNA-based identification technique to over-the-counter herbal medicines

Reliable methods to identify medicinal plant material are becoming more important in an increasingly regulated market place. DNA-based methods have been recognised as a valuable tool in this area with benefits such as being unaffected by the age of the plant material, growth conditions and harvesting techniques. It is possible that the methods of production used for medicinal plant products will degrade or remove DNA. So how applicable are these techniques to processed medicinal plant products?A simple PCR-based identification technique has been developed for St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum L. Thirteen St. John's Wort products were purchased including capsules, tablets and tinctures. DNA was extracted from each product, and the species specific PCR test conducted.DNA was successfully extracted from all thirteen products, using a fast and efficient modified method for extracting DNA from tinctures. Only four products yielded the full length ITS region (850 bp) due to the quality of the DNA. All of the products tested positive for H. perforatum DNA.DNA-based identification methods can complement existing methods of authentication. This paper shows that these methods are applicable to a wide range of processed products, provided that they are designed to account for the possibility of DNA degradation.     

CTAB-silica Method for DNA Extraction and Purification from Castanea mollissima and Ginkgo biloba

A new method CTAB-silica for DNA extraction and purification from the leaves and buds of Castanea mollissima and Ginkgo biloba was tested. The method is based on the silica-based purification protocol developed by Boom et al. (1990). By modifying the protocol, plant genome DNA could be extracted easily from dormant buds, mature leaves, and other parts of plant. Our results showed that the purified DNA was of high purity and could be analyzed by PCR. Furthermore, this CTAB-silica method took much less time for a successful DNA purification process compared to the traditional methods (CTAB and SDS). By our method,the suitable DNA can be extracted and purified from over 10 plant samples by one person in an hour.     

融合遗传、形态和环境信息的植物智能识别

以植物DNA条形码为代表的新兴生物技术逐渐推广应用于林业科学研究领域。文中介绍了美国科研机构和高校联合开发的Leafsnap可视化植物识别软件的应用情况,根据当前已开展的植物DNA测序和数据库平台构建情况,初步提出一个综合植物DNA条形码、形态和环境信息的智能识别系统,以期为将来改进或开发出更准确、更快捷、更有趣且能进行公众参与的植物识别应用软件提供一些思路,为森林生物多样性研究和应用提供帮助。     

桉属植物叶片DNA抽提

对植物组织DNA抽提是在分子水平上对植物进行系统分析与研究的基础性工作。我们使用改良CTAB法抽提桉属植物叶片中总的DNA获得了成功，其纯度和得率完全能满足常规分子生物学操作的要求。与DNA得率有关的几个问题在此一并探讨。     

植物DNA甲基化研究进展

植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。     

Applications and roles of the CRISPR system in genome editing of plants

Genome editing is a valuable tool to target specific DNA sequences for mutagenesis in the genomes of microbes, plants, and animals. Although different genome editing technologies are available, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, which utilizes engineered endonucleases to generate a double-stranded DNA break (DSB) in the target DNA region and subsequently stimulates site-specific mutagenesis through DNA repair machineries, is emerging as a powerful genome editing tool for elucidating mechanisms of protection from plant viruses, plant disease resistance, and gene functions in basic and applied research. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the CRISPR system associated genome editing in plants by focusing on application of this technology in model plants, crop plants, fruit plants, woody plants and grasses and discuss how genome editing associated with the CRISPR system can provide insights into genome modifications and functional genomics in plants.     

濒危植物巴东木莲RAPD扩增反应体系的建立

以巴东木莲叶片为材料,通过对反应体系中Mg2+、dNTP、Taq酶、模板、引物浓度等影响因素的优化,确定了一套适于巴东木莲RAPD分析的稳定反应体系,即25μl的总反应体系中:模板DNA 100 ng,Mg2+2.1 mM,引物0.7μM,dNTP0.20 mM,TaqDNA聚合酶3 U。     

Genomic DNA methylation of juvenile and mature Acacia mangium micropropagated in vitro with reference to leaf morphology as a phase change marker

Genomic DNA methylation was analyzed in Acacia mangium Willd. microshoots micropropagated in vitro from juvenile and mature explants, and in relation to leaf morphology of the microshoots, which is considered a phase change indicator. Based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, we found more DNA methylation in microshoots exhibiting juvenile leaf morphology (22.4%) than in microshoots of the mature phyllode morphological type (20.7%), irrespective of the age of the source material. Overall, the degree of DNA methylation in A. mangium microshoots was consistent with values reported for other angiosperms. Complementary investigations based on methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) techniques established that, of 1204 fragments revealed by the different primer pairs used, 49 (i.e., 4.08%) were derived from C(5m)CGG methylated sites. Three of these C(5m)CGG sites were exclusive to the juvenile plant material, and three sites were exclusive to the mature source. No fragments were associated specifically with leaf morphology, rather than with plant age. Thus, although the two age classes could not be distinguished based on a quantitative HPLC measure of DNA methylation, qualitative differences existed, as demonstrated by the six age-specific markers identified by MSAP. The reliability of the MSAP data was confirmed on a larger sample of juvenile plant material, which suggested that the total of six methylation markers detected is probably an underestimation of the age-related differences in DNA methylation that may exist between juvenile and mature plant materials.