两种不同种源麻疯树种子发芽特征探讨

比较分析两种不同麻疯树种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽速度、发芽指数、发芽条件以及外观品质,结果表明：种源、种壳、种质、湿度、氧气以及种子前处理影响了种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽速度、发芽指数;破壳比未破壳的发芽效果好,种源A比种源B种子发芽率高,发芽期间应保持一定的湿度和通气条件,前期的消毒、浸种也是必需的环节。     

不同种源华北落叶松种子发芽特性研究

对9个种源的华北落叶松种子的发芽特性进行研究,结果表明：不同种源间的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及平均发芽速度是显著不同的,显著水平均达到0.0001。利用发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数对华北落叶松9个种源的种子进行聚类分析,利用类平均法和最短距离法筛选出的华北落叶松优质种源种子是相同的,均为山西交城庞泉沟种源、河北坝上2种源、山西交城东坡底种源、河北坝上1种源。     

产地和萌发温度对胡枝子种子萌发的影响

以3个不同产地的胡枝子种子为材料,研究产地和萌发温度条件对种子萌发的影响,结果表明:产地对胡枝子种子的发芽指数无明显影响,但对种子发芽率和平均发芽时间均有极显著影响;其中黑龙江帽儿山产地种子的发芽率最高,发芽时间也最长;内蒙古扎兰屯产地种子发芽率和发芽时间居中;吉林蛟河产地种子发芽率最低,发芽时间却最短.萌发温度条件对胡枝子种子的发芽率、发芽指数和发芽时间均有极显著影响.15℃条件下种子的发芽率最高,20℃条件下种子的发芽指数最高,25℃条件下种子的平均发芽时间最短,30℃条件下种子各项发芽指标最差.产地与萌发温度的交互作用对种子发芽率和发芽指数影响不显著,但对种子发芽时间有极显著影响.     

不同种源毛泡桐种子发芽状况及其系统聚类分析

本文分析了不同种源毛泡桐种子的发芽状况并对其进行了系统聚类分析。结果表明。光照处理有利于提高毛泡桐种子的发芽率和发芽势，室温贮藏不利于种子活力的保持。根据不同条件下毛泡桐种于发芽率和发芽势的差别，利用系统聚类方法将其划分为四组，该结果为泡桐引种培育新品种奠定了基础。     

吸湿-回干处理对毛红椿种子发芽的影响

利用吸湿-回干处理技术,研究不同处理方法对毛红椿不同种源种子活力的影响.结果表明:10℃吸湿处理,能较好地提高江西省官山自然保护区种源种子活力,发芽率由80%提高到92%;种子发芽指数由7.354提高到9.679,平均发芽时间缩短2～3 d.15℃吸湿处理,能较好地提高马头山自然保护区种源种子活力,发芽率由43%提高到60%;发芽指数由5.654提高到7.939,平均发芽时间也缩短2～3 d.     

不同种源黑果枸杞种子萌发特性研究

通过对4个种源黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)种子大小、质量及含水量的测定,对发芽率、发芽势、萌发启动速度、发芽指数等萌发特性的研究结果表明:(1)4个种源黑果枸杞种子存在一定的差异,大小依次为青海>新疆>民勤>额济纳旗,质量和含水量依次为青海>民勤>新疆>额济纳旗;(2)4个种源黑果枸杞种子的发芽起始温度为15℃,恒温下的最适发芽温度为25℃,变温下的最适发芽温度为20℃/30℃,各种源种子在变温条件下均高于恒温条件下的各项发芽指标,即20℃/30℃为黑果枸杞的最佳发芽温度,其发芽势最高为额济纳旗75.8%;发芽率最高为民勤89.0%,且前三者发芽率没有明显差异;(3)额济纳旗种源黑果枸杞种子在发芽起始至最适温度之间的发芽能力均优于其它3个种源。除20℃/30℃的发芽率之外,4个种源种子的发芽势、萌发启动速度和发芽指数的顺序为额济纳旗>民勤>青海>新疆。     

兴安落叶松不同种源发芽特性研究

对9个种源兴安落叶松种子的发芽特性进行研究的结果表明,不同种源间的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及平均发芽速度显著不同,显著水平均达到0．0001。利用发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数对不同种源的种子进行聚类分析,利用类平均法筛选的兴安落叶松最佳种源,种子为黑龙江省呼中、内蒙古金河和黑龙江省阿木尔;利用最短距离法筛选的兴安落叶松最佳种源种子为呼中和金河。     

青藏高原特有种砂生槐不同种源地种子萌发特征研究

对采自6个种源地砂生槐的种子进行了萌发研究,分析了种子大小、萌发特性与海拔之间的关系。结果表明:1)每荚种子数变幅为2.96 4.50粒;种子千粒质量变幅为30.639 47.415 g;种子纵径变幅为4.3144.962 mm;种子横径变幅为3.244 3.693 mm;种子纵横径比变幅为1.306 1.383,差异较小。方差分析结果显示,种源间每荚种子数(F=8.52**)、千粒质量(F=19.73**)、种子纵径(F=6.17**)和种子横径(F=5.79**)差异均达到极显著水平,而种子纵径与横径的比值差异不显著(F=1.47)。2)6个种源砂生槐种子发芽率变幅为43.16%90.03%。其中萨迦种源发芽率90.03%为最高,最低是米瑞种源为43.16%。3)6个砂生槐种源的种子在发芽起始时间上仅差异1 d;萌发持续时间在14 23 d之间,种源间持续发芽时间差异最多达到9 d;萌发高峰期在17 27 d之间,种源间差异较大,其中萨迦种源最短,朗县种源最长。4)每荚种子数随着海拔的升高而显著降低(R=-0.844 3,P0.05),而种子千粒质量则随着海拔的升高而显著升高(R=0.614 3,P0.05)。5)种子发芽起始时间与海拔之间呈现出负相关的关系,但不显著(R=-0.505 6,P0.05);种子萌发持续时间与海拔具有显著的负相关关系(R=-0.883 6,P0.05),而种子发芽率则与海拔具有显著的正相关关系(R=0.804 7,P0.05)。     

班克木种子形态及发芽特征在种内与种间的变异

对引自澳大利亚的班克木属5个种18个种源进行种子形态、质量以及发芽特征测定,结果表明:班克木属种子形态、质量和发芽特征在种间和种内均有不同的差异表现;香花班克木种子千粒质量最大,约106.5 g,为其他种的4～9倍;种子千粒质量与发芽率无显著相关;除红花班克木在试验期间未发芽外,其余4个种的发芽率皆高于60％,强力班克木发芽率最高,约80％;长圆叶班克木和强力班克木种子发芽速度最快,而香花班克木发芽速度最慢;发芽始期、发芽速度、发芽率、胚轴长、胚根长都和经度呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),即自西澳的珀斯至东澳的塔斯马尼亚地区,种子的发芽始期越晚,发芽速度慢,发芽率越高,胚轴和胚根的生长量越大.对于5种班克木的发芽特征的研究表明:强力班克木在广州的适应性最强,其发芽率最高,发芽速度最快,发芽最早且胚根长度最大.     

珍稀树种银鹊树种子发芽条件的研究

在南京对银鹊树种子进行了不同种源、不同播种期、不同储藏方法及不同播前处理等发芽试验。结果表明：(1)银鹊树在3月上旬至中旬为其适宜的播种期；(2)水藏的种子发芽率高达95．2％，干藏的种子发芽率为10％左右。如能在播种前采取水浸处理，可适当提高发芽率和缩短发芽时间；(3)种源不同，发芽率也略有差异，湖南张家界种源发芽率最高，江西宜春种源较差。     

泡桐种源抗丛枝病性状的遗传变异

泡桐丛枝病是影响泡桐生长的一种主要病害，种源试验表明在毛泡桐种源中，除甘肃平凉未见发病以外，其它种源均有病害发生。江苏南京、湖北十堰、黄冈、陕西商县和辽宁大连5个种源发病较重，病情指数超过30％；白花泡桐丛枝病发病率较低，自然分布区南部的种源很少见到丛枝病发生，分布区北部与毛泡桐分布区有重叠的种源，丛枝病发病相对较重。毛泡桐起源靠西的种源发病较轻，随着经度的增加，丛枝病发病有增大趋势；白花泡桐发病与种源经度无关，而与纬度相关明显，呈现出纬度越高，发病率越低，病情指数越小的趋势。泡桐品种间丛枝病发病率和病情指数差异明显，通过品种选择可以获得抗病优良品种。     

Effect of the seeds provenance and treatment on the germination rate and plants growth of four forest trees species of C?te d'Ivoire

The rapid rate of deforestation in Cote d'Ivoire has led to loss of plant species diversity and also threatens some commercial tree species with extinction.Some reforestation and afforestation has been completed.However,for some species,the numbers of surviving transplants has declined.Hence,it is necessary to develop properly adapted and resilient genotypes that can effectively support the programs of forest restoration.In this context we evaluated the effects of the provenances of seeds and of various treatments on the germination rates and on plant growth of four commercial trees species(Pycnanthus angolensis,Terminalia superba,Mansonia altissima and Pterygota macrocarpa).We analyzed these parameters for seeds of three provenances(Daloa,Akoupe and Daoukro) of four species and for thirty plants aged 6 months per provenance.Time to begin germination and time to reach maximum germination were similar among species,and were not influenced by either treatment or provenance.Untreated seeds and those soaked for 24 and 48 h in water at room temperature yielded the highest germination rates,irrespective of species or provenance.The one exception was P.angolensis, for which no germination was recorded.Within species,some provenances produced higher germination percentages than did others.No clear relationship was computed between the germination rate and the morphometric characteristics of the seeds which varied significantly between provenances.Plant growth and morphological variability also depended greatly on provenance.Genetic factors might be implicated,therefore provenance trials should be undertaken and evaluated.Furthermore,molecular analysis should be undertaken to confirm the implications of genetic factors and allow for genetic selection.     

欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子形态及萌发特性研究

以引进俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子为材料,对不同种源种子形态及其萌发特性进行研究的结果表明:不同种源种子吸水量没有显著差异,而在种长、种宽、种厚、翅长、翅宽、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数存在显著差异;新西伯利亚种源种子最大、质量最重、发育最好、有生活力种子高达82.75%;采用混雪冷藏处理种子萌发能力最强,新西伯利亚种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别达到67.63%、55.41%、27.19;而对照种源采用低温冷藏处理种子萌发效果最差,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为38.51%、32.42%、11.89。     

Effect of thermal pretreatment on germination of seeds from different provenances of subalpine oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) forest in Turkey

We examined the effect of thermal treatment at two temperatures (60 s of 90°C dry heat and 60 min in 40°C hot water) versus control conditions on the germination of oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) seeds originating from different subalpine provenances. Cutting test results showed that there was wide variation (between 10% and 90%) in filled seed rates. The results revealed that highest germination yield was attained via the hot water treatment. The maximum germination percentages were observed in seeds from “tree 3” in the first tree collective of provenances 1 (85.33 ± 5.77 control; 88.67 ± 7.02 via the hot water treatment; 82.00 ± 10.58 via the dry heat treatment) and 3 (70.67 ± 17.24 control; 88.00 ± 4.00 via the hot water treatment; 86.67 ± 11.37 via the dry heat treatment). The mean germination percentages were significantly different (p-value < .05): percentage values were 32.57% in provenance 1, 23.22% in provenance 3, 12.25% in provenance 4, and 2.82% in provenance 2. Mean germination time of seeds from different provenances and experiencing various pretreatments showed significant variation. The best pretreatment increase in germination rates was achieved via the wet heat method (60 min in 40°C hot water).     

Study on the germination ofPaulownia tomentosa seeds in different provenances and its cluster

This paper dealt with the studying the germination percentage, germination potential and analyzing the germination of the seeds with different treatments by systematic statistics method. Seeds were collected from 14 provenances in September 1994. The results indicated that the germination percentage and germination potential of the seeds in various provenances were different. Both indexes in Nanchang, area was much lower than those in the rest provenances. The germination percentage and germination potential of the seeds in different provenance declined after the seeds were treated with aging for one year. The light treatment might promotes the germination percentage more effectively than the germination potential. In addition, fuzzy cluster may reflect the relationship among germination in different provenances. (Responsible Editor: Dai Fangtian)     

毛泡桐种源育种值早期预测的研究

以２６个毛泡桐种源为材料,对树高,胸径,干高,直径和材积的育种作了直接和间接预测。结果表明,毛泡桐种源１－２年生时的胸径能够可靠地预测９年生各观测性状的育种值;对１年生胸径育种值作早期选择时,选择强度以０．８０较好,此时,胸径,树高,干高,直径及材积的直接或间接相对选择效率分别达到了７９．７１％,８１．８３％,５６．７７％,７５．０７％和７６．２０％,年均选择效率分别是３９８．５７％,４０９．１３     

不同处理对3个种源漆树种子萌发的影响

为找出最优育种方法,提高发芽率,获取更多优质种苗,从而为漆树种质资源及产业发展提供指导,采用三因素(98%的H_2SO_4、400 mg/L的GA3、砂藏时间)三水平的全因素试验方法,每处理设置单个变量,共计27个处理组合,对不同种源漆树种子萌发条件进行研究。结果表明:A种源漆树种子的最佳萌发条件为,98%的H_2SO_4处理30 min+400 mg/L GA3处理60 min+砂藏30 d;B种源漆树种子萌发率最高的条件为,98%的H2SO4处理30 min+400 mg/L GA3处理60 min+砂藏20 d;C种源漆树种子萌发率最高的条件为,98%的H_2SO_4处理30 min+400 mg/L GA3处理120 min+砂藏20 d。98%的H2SO4处理时间、400 mg/L GA3处理时间、砂藏时间对不同种源的漆树种子发芽率、芽长、芽粗均存在极显著影响。     

Variability in cone and seed characteristics and seed testing in various provenances of Himalayan spruce (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea smithiana</Emphasis>)

We investigated the effect of provenance variation on cone and seed morphology and germination behaviour under different pre- treatments in Picea smithiana. Three categories of cones were recognized: large (13.18 cm × 3.30 cm 15.42 cm × 4.35 cm), medium (10.85 cm × 3.93 cm 12.18 cm × 3.98 cm) and small (7.69 cm × 3.06 10.98 cm× 3.39 cm). Significant variation was observed for various cone and seed characteristics. Seeds moisture content varied from 44.48% to 56.91%, seed size from 0.64 cm × 0.31 cm (largest seed) to 0.49 cm × 0.10 cm (smallest seed), and the seed weight from 2.45 g per 100 seeds to 1.36 g per 100 seeds on fresh weight basis of P. smithiana. The highest seed germination (72.0±7.53%) at 10°C was observed under chilling treatment in Tapovan provenance, while the minimum (15.0±5.71%) seed germina- tion was recorded at 25°C under control set in Tapovan provenance. Further among all the sources Pandukeshwar consistently had the highest average (38%) percent germination across all treatments. Compared to other temperature regimes and pretreatments, seeds subjected to 10°C and chilling treatment had the highest germination and took the least time for germination irrespective of provenance effects. Altitude (provenance) had little or no relationship with germination following laboratory treat- ments. Seeds from Tapovan provenance subjected at 10°C following chilling treatment may be suggested for further multiplication of this species.     

闽粤栲种源引种苗期试验初报

引种试验表明,闽粤栲3个种源在丽水的发芽率、苗期生长量和抗冻性等方面都存在显著差异,种源抗冻性随纬度递减而呈明显递减趋势。福建南平种源苗期综合表现良好,是丽水市可以进一步扩大引种试验的种源。     

钝叶黄檀地理种源变异研究

对云南双江、龙陵、镇源、云县、石屏和墨江6个地理种源的钝叶黄檀在种荚长、宽、颜色、种子千粒质量、育苗发芽势、发芽率、幼苗苗高等指标的研究结果表明：不同地理种源的钝叶黄檀各项指标都有差异,同一地理种源的不同家系各项指标上也有明显的变异。不同地理种源的种子千粒质量、种荚内种子数量、种荚的宽度与种源地温度关系密切,与其它地理因素相关性不大。