灵石山米槠(Castanopsis carlessi)林优势种群不同年龄叶片SPAD值的差异及其与叶绿素、氮含量的关系

采用便携式叶绿素仪SPAD-502对灵石山米槠林不同海拔优势种群不同年龄叶片的SPAD值进行野外测定,分别对各海拔不同年龄不同优势种以及各年龄不同海拔不同优势种的叶片SPAD值进行差异性分析,结果表明,灵石山米槠林优势种群叶片SPAD值存在叶龄、种间以及海拔梯度问的差异。对不同海拔米槠林优势种群不同年龄叶片SPAD值与室内分光光度法测定的叶绿素含量以及叶片氮含量进行相关分析,结果表明,SPAD值与叶片单位面积叶绿素及氮含量有显著的相关性。SPAD值是叶绿素含量的真实反映,利用叶绿素仪SPAD-502可以快速有效的诊断种群氮素营养状况。     

杨树叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量的相关性研究

采用SPAD-502叶绿素仪与分光光度法分别测定了杨树叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素含量,建立SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素的线性函数、乘幂函数、指数函数及对数函数的拟合方程,并根据决定系数(R2)确定最佳拟合曲线,以探讨SPAD值与叶绿素含量之间的关系。结果表明:杨树叶片SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量间均存在极显著正相关关系。SPAD值与叶绿素a含量的最优函数模型为y=0.004 219SPAD1.630 2(R2=0.918 7);SPAD值与叶绿素b含量最优函数模型为y=0.071 308e0.055 468SPAD(R2=0.927 9);SPAD值与叶绿素总量的最优函数模型为y=0.003 24SPAD1.792 1(R2=0.924 3)。通过对9个不同品种叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量实测值与预测值的统计检验发现,叶绿素a与总叶绿素含量的实测值与预测值间不存在显著差异,可以通过回归方程来预测杨树叶片叶绿素的绝对含量。     

10种园林树木叶绿素与SPAD值相关性研究

通过测定10种常见园林树木叶片的叶绿素含量及叶片的SPAD值,探讨了SPAD值与叶绿素含量之间的关系。试验表明,园林树木叶片中叶绿素含量与SPAD值显著相关,且各自表现为不同的相关函数模型。     

葡萄叶片SPAD值与测定位置及光合色素含量的关系

为了实时、准确、无损地检测葡萄叶片中叶绿素的含量水平,以评价葡萄生长发育与营养状况,确保栽培的科学和施肥的合理,以‘夏黑’‘巨玫瑰’‘户太8号’‘阳光玫瑰’‘金手指’‘摩尔多瓦’这6个品种葡萄叶片为试验材料,采用叶绿素测定仪测定了6个葡萄品种叶片不同位置的SPAD值,使用分光光度计测定了葡萄叶片光合色素含量,探寻了葡萄叶片SPAD值的最适测量位点,分析了SPAD值与光合色素含量的关系,并建立了SPAD值与光合色素含量的线性函数拟合方程。结果表明:6个品种葡萄叶片的SPAD值,叶片顶部的均最高,中部的均次之,基部的均最小;其中,葡萄叶片中部的SPAD值最具有代表性。6个品种葡萄叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著相关,其与叶绿素a含量的相关性最高;在不同品种葡萄叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量的线性函数拟合方程中,‘户太8号’的拟合方程决定系数值最高,其叶绿素a、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量的决定系数值分别为0.903 5、0.867 2、0.749 9;在叶绿素b与葡萄叶片SPAD值的拟合方程中,‘金手指’的拟合方程为y=0.034 7x-0.084 0,其决定系数R2值(0.773 4)最高。单一品种葡萄叶片的SPAD值与光合色素含量的回归模型的拟合准确率比6个葡萄品种汇总拟合回归模型的要高。     

利用 SPAD-502对高山杜鹃氮素营养的快速诊断研究

利用SPAD-502型叶绿素计测定了不同氮水平下高山杜鹃不同生长时期、不同叶位的SPAD 值,分析SPAD值与叶绿素含量和叶片总氮含量的关系。结果表明,不同生长期第1轮和第2轮叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素含量均呈显著线性正相关,其中新梢生长期第1轮叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素含量的相关性最强,而叶绿素各参数中对SPAD值影响最大的是叶绿素b的含量。在不同氮水平下, SPAD值及相对叶色差与单位干重的总氮含量具有显著线性正相关关系, SPAD值的变化能够反映60％的单位干重叶氮含量的变化。因此,可以利用SPAD-502型叶绿素计对高山杜鹃进行快速、无损的氮素营养诊断。     

江门市主要绿化植物的绿色指数

绿化植物是城市绿地实现生态效益及美学价值的核心元素。文章将SPAD叶绿素仪测定相对叶绿素含量的方法应用于城市园林绿化研究,以期为城市绿化植物的绿色定量评价研究提供参考。研究表明,不同绿化植物的SPAD值存在显著差异,除蒲葵、高山榕外,各物种SPAD值变化趋势与胸径、株高变化趋势一致。除蒲葵与白蝴蝶外,其余物种植株胸径与叶片SPAD值间存在显著正相关,叶片SPAD值随植株胸径增加而增大。高大乔木物种道路旁植株SPAD值高于公园植株;对于林下植物,结果则相反,表现为公园中植株高于道路旁。植物的SPAD值对植物生长状况及生长环境均有良好的表征,在城市园林绿化研究中有良好的应用前景。     

三种板栗叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量相关性分析

以‘九山1号’、‘九山2号’、‘处暑红’3个板栗品种为实验材料,采用SPAD叶绿素仪与分光光度法分别测量SPAD值和叶绿素含量,进行相关性分析,建立回归方程并进行了验证。结果表明3个板栗品种叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关关系;通过线性回归得到SPAD值与叶绿素含量的回归方程,通过对叶绿素含量的实测值与带入回归方程的预测值进行检验得出均无显著差异,可以通过SPAD值采用回归方程预测不同品种板栗的叶绿素含量。     

桃树叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值的相关性分析

为了探寻能快速简便地预测桃叶叶绿素绝对含量的方法,从而为生产实践提供技术指导,以随机选取的桃树叶片为试材,分别采用SPAD-502和分光光度法测定了桃树叶片的SPAD值和叶绿素含量,分析了两者间的相关性,并分别建立了线性方程、二次多项式方程、对数方程、指数方程和乘幂方程的拟合方程,根据R2值确定了最优方程。结果表明:桃树叶片SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量间均呈极显著相关。SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素的最优拟合方程分别为:y=0.074 9 VSPAD-1.256 9,R2=0.880 7;y=0.041 4 VSPAD-1.075 5,R2=0.869 0;y=0.116 3 VSPAD-2.332 4,R2=0.883 8。文中还对6个不同桃品种叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量的实测值与预测值进行了统计检验,结果发现,实测值与预测值间不存在显著差异,表明可以用线性方程来预测桃树叶片叶绿素的绝对含量。     

风吹楠与大叶风吹楠的叶绿素含量比较研究

以从云南省西双版纳州、德宏州和临沧市的5个县收集保存的风吹楠和大叶风吹楠为材料,采用便携式叶绿素仪(SPAD-502)和分光光度计测定风吹楠和大叶风吹楠叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量并进行比较分析。结果表明,风吹楠6个家系90株1 350片叶的SPAD值变幅为51.00~82.00,总叶绿素含量在6个家系间的变幅为2.11~3.75 mg/g,家系间差异达到极显著水平(P0.01);大叶风吹楠4个家系60株900片叶的SPAD值变幅为48.00~72.00,总叶绿素含量在4个家系间的变幅为1.79~2.59 mg/g,家系间差异达到极显著水平(P0.01)。共10个家系150株的SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量的相关性达到显著正相关(P0.05)或极显著正相关(P0.01),可用便携式叶绿素仪(SPAD-502)来估测叶绿素含量。风吹楠与大叶风吹楠的SPAD值和叶绿素含量存在明显的种间差异。     

平欧杂交榛叶片叶绿素含量与SPAD值相关性研究

使用叶绿素计测量平欧杂交榛叶片SPAD值,与叶片叶绿素实测值进行相关性分析,并建立回归方程,其结果表明:叶绿素总含量范围为1.284 4～3.362 2 mg/g;叶绿素总含量回归方程中确定系数R2极值为0.807和0.855分别对应为对数函数和二次函数。     

Establishment and early growth of introduced indigenous tree species in typical plantations and shrubland in South China

Unsuccessful colonization by indigenous tree species into established plantations has retarded the succession of artificial plantations to more natural, secondary forests in South China. To understand how to improve colonization by seedlings of indigenous species, we determined how performance of indigenous seedlings is affected by seedling species (the shade-intolerant Castanopsis chinensis, the moderately shade-intolerant Michelia chapensis, and the shade-tolerant Psychotria rubra), the site into which the seedlings were transplanted (a mixed-legume plantation, a eucalyptus plantation, a mixed-native plantation, a mixed-conifer plantation, and a shrubland), and site preparation (removal or retention of understory vegetation and litter). Seedling survival and growth were generally increased by removal of understory vegetation and litter. C. chinensis and M. chapensis grew better in the mixed-legume and mixed-conifer plantations, while P. rubra grew better in mixed-native and mixed-conifer plantations. Responses of the transplanted seedlings to environmental factors were species specific. The effects of light on seedling survival and growth were correlated with the shade tolerance of the species. Soil moisture was important; it was positively correlated with survival but negatively correlated with growth of C. chinensis seedlings. Growth of C. chinensis and M. chapensis was positively correlated with soil potassium, while growth of P. rubra was positively correlated with soil organic matter but negatively correlated with soil hydrolyzed nitrogen. These findings suggest that we should select suitable native species under the different plantations before improvement of plantations. Light and soil moisture are most important environmental factors for the selection of species specific. Site preparation and fertilizer are needed during the improvement of those plantations.     

Facilitation by two exotic Acacia: Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium as nurse plants in South China

Because of their high growth rate and tolerance to bare soil, two exotic Acacia species, Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium, have been commonly planted in degraded areas of South China. With their large canopies and ability to fix nitrogen, the two Acacia species have also been considered to act as nurse plants for understory plants. The current study clarified the nursing effects of the Acacia species by comparing microclimate characteristics and physiological traits of native plant seedlings at three sites: under the canopies of the each Acacia species and on bare land (open site). Although the sites were not replicated, the results indicated that adult trees of both Acacia species can facilitate native species, but that A. mangium has greater facilitating effects due to greater temperature buffering, radiation reduction, and nutrient amelioration. In response to facilitation, three species (Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia macclurei, and Manglietia glauca) with different shade-tolerant traits growing under Acacia canopies expressed distinct adaptations. For the three species, the chlorophyll fluorescence curves of rETR and ΔF/Fm′ were higher under A. auriculiformis and on the open site than under A. mangium. The maximum quantum yield in PSII(Fv/Fm) in diurnal changes of the three species showed that all the Fv/Fm values were between 0.70 and 0.84 and that the Fv/Fm values were mostly higher under A. mangium than on the open site or under A. auriculiformis. Total chlorophyll content and both chlorophyll a and b contents in the three species were higher under the Acacia species than on the open site, while chlorophyll a/b ratio was higher on the open site. In contrast, the carotenoid content in C. hystrix and M. macclurei was lower under the two Acacia species than on the open site, while the opposite was true for M. glauca. The results demonstrate that the adaptation of the understory species to abiotic environmental factors is not restricted to a single mechanism but apparently involves a group of interrelated, adaptive suites. And also these adaptations were species-specific and especially related to their shade tolerance.     

Decomposition of leaf litter of four native broad-leaved tree species in south China

Leaf litter decomposition of Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum camphora, Michelia macclurei and Mytilaria laosensis in mixed broad-leaved plantation and pine plantation was studied by the litterbag method for 1 year. Leaf litter decomposition rates of the four species were highest in Cinnamomum camphora, followed by Mytilaria laosensis, Michelia macclurei, and Castanopsis fissa. The decomposition rates of all four species were higher in the mixed than in pine plantation. The decomposition processes of all species followed Olson’s exponential model. The decomposition coefficients (k) of all species were also higher in the mixed plantation and had the same order as the decomposition rates. The nitrogen contents of leaf litter of the different species studied increased initially and then decreased with time. Net release of N only occurred in pine plantation. Potassium contents appeared to decrease first but later increase, and net release was only found in mixed plantation. Calcium, magnesium and boron all showed similar pattern of initial increase followed by later decrease. They all had net release in both mixed and pine plantations. The release of phosphorus varied greatly between species and showed no clear trend.     

基于控制实验的6个典型亚热带树种空气负离子效应

[目的]比较分析不同树种的生理特性差异及其对空气负离子(NAI)浓度影响,为探究森林植被对NAI作用机理提供理论依据。[方法] 2018年6—9月,在中国林科院亚热带林业研究所人工气候室内,分别对6个典型亚热带树种NAI效应进行连续定位监测,选择无植株的土盆作为空白对照,并对各树种叶片形态特征、叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量等性状特征进行测定和分析。[结果]人工气候室放入植株后,NAI浓度均极显著高于对照组(P0.01);植株NAI浓度由高到低依次为:红豆杉(876 ion·cm~(-3))枫香(828 ion·cm~(-3))杉木(733 ion·cm~(-3))榉树(685 ion·cm~(-3))青冈(677 ion·cm~(-3))闽楠(665 ion·cm~(-3))对照(345 ion·cm~(-3))。总体而言,针叶树种NAI效应显著大于阔叶树种(P0.05),落叶阔叶树种NAI效应显著大于常绿阔叶树种(P=0.05)。NAI浓度同树种叶尖数、叶片含水量和叶面积均呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),与叶生物量显著正相关(P0.05),与叶绿素a/叶绿素b显著负相关(P0.05)。比较阔叶树种可得出,叶厚度及叶片长宽比与NAI浓度呈显著负相关(P0.05),与大多数叶绿素荧光参数指标呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。[结论]试验树种显著提高空气负离子(NAI)浓度,树种间NAI效应存在差异,针叶树种NAI效应高于阔叶树种,落叶阔叶树种NAI效应高于常绿阔叶树种。叶片形态、叶尖数和光合荧光生理特性等是造成树种间NAI效应差异的重要原因。     

氮、磷、钾配比施肥对辣木生长及叶片养分吸收的影响

[目的]为明确辣木生长对养分的需求及叶片养分吸收状况。[方法]研究采取田间小区实验,设置N_(80)、N_(80)P_(20)、N_(80)K_(40)、P_(20)K_(40)、N_(80)P_(20)K_(40)、N_(60)P_(20)K_(60)和不施肥对照7个处理,测定分析不同氮、磷、钾配比施肥对辣木生长及叶片养分吸收的影响。[结果]不同氮、磷、钾配比施肥处理下,辣木生长速度先快后缓慢,处理90 d后株高、冠幅和鲜叶生物量的最高值及地径的次高值均出现在N_(80)中,N_(60)P_(20)K_(60)的株高、地径及N_(80)K_(40)的鲜叶生物量仅次于N_(80)处理;不同氮、磷、钾配比施肥均促进了辣木叶片中全氮、全磷含量的累积,但降低了全钾含量;除N_(80)外,其它处理叶片叶绿素含量均低于CK,高氮处理的叶绿素含量均高于P_(20)K_(40)和N_(60)P_(20)K_(60),N_(80)P_(20)高于N_(80)K_(40)。[结论]各元素对辣木生长影响大小为NKP,对叶片中叶绿素含量影响大小为NPK,叶片中营养元素含量大小为NKP。综合试验结果中辣木主要生长指标的生长及叶片养分吸收情况,配比施肥最优处理为N_(80),且该施肥处理主要适用于辣木幼龄及速生生长阶段。     

SPAD-502型叶绿素计在估测大面积区域叶绿素含量中的应用

在每株树木中摘取其上、中、下三部分的叶片,每部分选取5～10片叶子进行测定,对每片叶子的6处不同部位进行SPAD值测定,然后取其平均值作为此片叶子的最终SPAD值,再对所有叶片SPAD值取平均值作为树木的SPAD值。利用GPS技术使树木有了空间信息,并于遥感图像能够结合起来进行分析,为估测大面积区域叶绿素含量创造可能性。结果表明,SPAD-502型手持式测定仪携带方便,测定简单迅速,不损害植被,与GPS技术及遥感反演技术相结合,能简便估测大面积区域叶绿素含量。