巴戟天的人工栽培

巴戟天 (RadixMorindaeofficinalis)是茜草科巴戟天属多年生藤本植物 ,其肉质根是我国特产的十大南药之一。它味甘辛 ,性微温 ,有补肾阳、祛风湿的功效 ,被誉为补肾阳良药 ,是抗衰老的中药之一。现已开发出巴戟天精、酒、膏、丹、丸等系列产品。巴戟天分布在热带和亚热带 ,可进行人工栽培。1　形态与生态特性巴戟天根肉质 ,呈不规则念珠状 ,表面浅黄色 ;叶对生 ,膜质 ,长卵状圆形或倒卵形 ,大小不均 ,全缘 ;头状花序 ,具 3～ 10朵花 ,无梗 ,花白色 ,常呈 4裂 ,雄蕊 4枚 ,子房每室有 1胚珠 ;聚花核果 ,熟时红色 ,近球形 ,种子每室 1粒 ;花期…     

广东巴戟天属3种药用植物资源及其保护对策

采用样线法对广东省68个自然保护地的巴戟天属3种药用植物资源进行了野外调查。结果表明：巴戟天仅在其中9个自然保护地(占全部68个保护地的13.24%)的19处生境发现79株;大果巴戟在3个自然保护地(占4.41%)4处共发现4株;假巴戟11个自然保护地(16.18%)33处共发现95株。指出了这3种药用植物野生状况均不容乐观,提出了应加强就地保护,并采取同步进行宣传教育、迁地保护和科学研究的综合保护措施,以期为巴戟天等植物的保护和可持续利用提供参考。     

林下“副业”变“主业”——大桂山林场林下经济转型发展纪实

正在山高林密的大桂山林场60万亩林地里,一些职工林下养蜂和套种水果等产业的"副业",一跃变成了灵芝、鸡血藤、巴戟天、山羊和野猪等特色林下种养业的"主业"。从2013年起,大桂山林场先后投入1000多万元,建成7000亩种植基地、万亩养殖基地,规模发展灵芝、鸡血藤、巴戟天、山羊和野猪等特色林下种养业。2015年,全场林下经济总产值达1152万元,同比     

无瓣海桑引入对龙海九龙江口乡土红树林影响的调查

由于龙海九龙江口引种的无瓣海桑在树体高度、生长速度等方面都显著超过乡土红树植物秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤,引起对外来生物入侵的担忧,因此加强对无瓣海桑的生态监测十分必要。通过样方调查,研究了无瓣海桑引入对秋茄、桐花树的影响。结果表明：无瓣海桑林冠下光照良好,为秋茄和桐花树的生长和更新提供了充足的空间。无瓣海桑的引入,提高了红树林群落结构的复杂性和生物多样性。无瓣海桑林冠下秋茄种群密度提高,桐花树种群密度下降。无瓣海桑对林下秋茄的幼苗数量没有影响,对桐花树的幼苗数量略有促进。所有样地内均未发现无瓣海桑的幼树或幼苗,未发现生物入侵迹象。     

汕头市海桑、无瓣海桑冻害调查初报

海桑(Sonneratiacaseolaris(L.)Engl.)、无瓣海桑(S.apetalaBuch-Ham)是汕头市近几年成功引种的2个优良红树林(mangroveforests)树种。报告了汕头市海桑、无瓣海桑的苗木和林木的冻害情况,并就海桑和无瓣海桑的抗寒性及其在汕头市育苗和防寒的技术措施进行讨论。     

粤东海桑、无瓣海桑、拉关木冻害调查报告

海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris (L.)Engl.)、无瓣海桑(S.apetala Buch-Ham)、拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa Gaertn.f.)是粤东近几年成功引种的3个优良红树林树种。文章报告了粤东海桑、无瓣海桑和拉关木的苗木和林木的冻害情况,并就海桑、无瓣海桑和拉关木的抗寒性及其在粤东育苗和防寒的技术措施进行了讨论。     

简述红果海棠的育苗技术

红果海棠是良好的观花、观叶、观果植物,在园林绿化中应用普遍。文章简述了红果海棠播种育苗和嫁接培育的方法。     

马来海松酸锌的合成及表征

以马来海松酸酐和醋酸锌为原料,在无水乙醇溶液中反应成功合成了马来海松酸锌.研究了反应条件对产物的影响;采用络合滴定法测定了产物中锌的含量;采用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDAX)和X射线衍射(XRD)等对产物进行了分析和表征.结果表明:醋酸锌和马来海松酸物质的量比为3∶1,反应温度为328 K,反应时间为5h反应得到高纯度的马来海松酸锌,产率可达94％以上.利用该方法制得的马来海松酸锌属于大分子化合物,产物中的—COO -与Zn2+发生了化学键合.     

无瓣海桑的引种及生态影响

红树林是华南沿海防护林的重要组成部分。外来种无瓣海桑的引种扩大了红树林的种质资源,促进了红树林的恢复与发展。文章阐述了我国引种外来树种无瓣海桑的历史;在较全面地综述外来红树林树种无瓣海桑的生态适应性的基础上,分析了无瓣海桑的生态效应和生态入侵的可能性;就今后的无瓣海桑研究提出了几点建议。     

人工无瓣海桑林下灌层分布格局及多样性研究

以雷州附城镇无瓣海桑人工林为对象,采取目标树中心样圆法,运用Simpson指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数以及Poisson分布与T检验分析无瓣海桑对乡土红树植物的多样性和分布格局的影响。结果表明:引进无瓣海桑后,秋茄、桐花树、红海榄、木榄和白骨壤这几种乡土红树植物在无瓣海桑林下逐步适应生长,无瓣海桑林缘灌木层物种多样性指数比林内更高,各类圆形样方中物种的Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数均没有显著差异,而Margalef丰富度指数的差异达显著水平(P<0.05);同一物种在不同林龄的无瓣海桑林下的分布格局不同;白骨壤、红海榄、秋茄、桐花树和木榄在无瓣海桑林下呈集群分布,其强度为木榄>桐花树>秋茄>白骨壤>红海榄;引种无瓣海桑林下未发现无瓣海桑幼苗,表明在该研究地无瓣海桑难以天然更新成林,对乡土红树植物的天然更新成林和扩散未产生影响。     

海巴戟研究进展及开发应用建议

综述海巴戟的主要营养和活性成分、药理作用及应用前景;介绍我国引种栽培现状,并对推广中需重视的问题提出建议。     

海巴戟的生物学特性及引种栽培技术

于2001年从泰国引种海巴戟至西双版纳热带植物园．文章介绍了该树种的植物学及生态学特性．引种3a观察,其年均高生长1．79m,胸径年生长3．75cm,第二年现蕾结果．介绍了引种栽培技术及病虫害防治．海巴戟是一种新型保健药品,具有广阔的市场前景和开发价值．     

诺丽果结果量与生长势因素相关性分析

文章以海南省林业科学研究所云龙种苗基地15月生诺丽果林6个样方共36株为观测对象,分别以树高、地径、平均冠幅、分枝数为生长势指标,探讨各项指标与诺丽果结果量的相关性,通过总体相关性方差分析结果表明：诺丽果树高、地径和冠幅大小对结果量的影响达到极显著水平,分枝数对结果量的影响达到显著水平。在此基础上,采用进入和逐步回归分析法进行分析,建立树高、地径、平均冠幅、分枝数预测诺丽果结果量方程模型为y：=-72.584-0.015x1＋25.127x2＋0.352 x3-1.004 x4或y=-72.561＋24.854 x2＋0.346 x3-1.001 x4,对预测诺丽果结果量具有科学参考价值,可为评价诺丽果种植水平及诺丽果产品开发和市场拓展提供科学决策依据。     

Purgative effect of the methanol extract of Morinda lucida

The purgative effect of a methanol extract of the leaves of Morinda lucida is reported. The oral treatment (12.5–100 mg/kg) caused a pronounced increase in the number of wet faeces in rats and a potentiated castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice.     

Antimicrobial activity of some Sri Lankan Rubiaceae and Meliaceae

Ninety solvent extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) obtained from the leaves, bark and stem of 13 Sri Lankan Rubiaceae and two Sri Lankan Meliaceae plants have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Morinda tinctoria, Mussaenda frondosa, Psychotria gardneri and Psychotria stenophylla displayed the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity.     

Antimicrobial anthraquinones from Morinda angustifolia

Investigation on Morinda angustifolia resulted in the isolation of a new anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-3,7-dimethoxyanthraquinone (1), along with five known analogues, lucidin 3-O-beta-primeveroside (2), 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (3), lucidin- omega -ethyl ether (4), lucidin-omega-butyl ether (5) and damnacanthol (6). The new compound demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Sarcina lutea, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces sake.     

Morinda lucida extract induces endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation of rat aorta

The effect of an aqueous extract of Morinda lucida (ML) on vascular tone was tested using rat aortic rings precontracted with noradrenaline (10(-7) mol/l). Relaxation responses were determined with endothelium-intact, L-NAME-treated, methylene blue-treated and endothelium-denuded tissues. In the concentration range of 0.25-9.0 mg/ml, ML elicited vasorelaxation in noradrenaline-precontracted rings. This relaxation response was partially attenuated by removal of the endothelium, and completely inhibited by pretreatment of rings with L-NAME and methylene blue. Thus, ML-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle occurs via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms, the former of which involves the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway.     

Chemical components of the roots of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) and their cytotoxic effects

Roots of Morinda citrifolia (Noni or Yor in Thai) have been used traditionally for thousands of years to treat chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. In this study, three new anthraquinones together with 15 known compounds were isolated from the roots of M. citrifolia (Rubiaceae). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, particularly 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Six known compounds, together with two new compounds (2 and 3) showed significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human lung and colon cancer cells.     

The classical drug discovery approach to defining bioactive constituents of botanicals

In this review, several recently identified biologically active principles of selected botanical dietary supplement ingredients are described, and were isolated using classical phytochemical chromatographic methods, with various spectroscopic procedures used for their isolation and structure elucidation. A central component of such an approach is “activity-guided fractionation” to monitor the compound purification process. In vitro assays germane to cancer chemoprevention were used to facilitate the work performed. Bioactive compounds, including several new substances, were characterized from açai (Euterpe oleracea), baobab (Adansonia digitata), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), and noni (Morinda citrifolia). Many of these compounds exhibited quite potent biological activity, but tended to be present in their plant of origin only at low concentration levels.     

Indigenous agroforestry of Pohnpei

Plant species and cultivars of the indigenous agroforestry system of Pohnpei were surveyed in transects through 54 randomly-selected farms. The agroforestry system was characterized by extensive cultivation of yams (Dioscorea), aroids (Alocasia), and Piper methysticum under a permanent overstory of breadfruit, coconut, and forest remnant trees and a middle canopy of Hibiscus tiliaceus, Musa spp., and Morinda citrifolia. In the 10 ha of survey plots, 161 species were found, of which 102 were trees, shrubs, and crops and 59 were uncultivated herbaceous plants. Numbers of tree, shrub, and crop species per farm ranged from 16 to 37 with an average of 26. Twenty-eight breadfruit and 38 yam cultivars were found in the survey plots, showing that cultivar diversity is an important component of the biological diversity maintained and utilized in Pohnpeian agroforests.