微波预处理对三种人工林木材干燥特性的影响

以香椿木、梓木和香樟木三种人工林木材为对象,采用百度试验法研究了其干燥特性,并初步探讨了微波预处理对这三种木材干燥特性的影响规律。结果表明:香椿木和香樟木为较易干树种,梓木为难干树种,其主要干燥缺陷为内裂和截面变形;香椿木、梓木和香樟木的初期开裂、内部裂纹、截面变形和扭曲变形等级分别为3、1～2、3、2级,2、4、4、2级和2、1～2、2、2～3级;微波预处理能部分降低木材内裂和扭曲的程度,但其影响不显著。     

铁木豆干燥基准的初步研究

研究了铁木豆的干燥特性,根据干燥缺陷等级试验确定出了适合铁木豆的干燥基准,结果表明：铁木豆的主要干燥缺陷为初期开裂、截面变形,此外,铁木豆的初期开裂、截面变形、内部开裂、扭曲变形的等级分别为5、3、1、2级,铁木豆属于难干木材。     

滇产赤桉干燥工艺初探

通过百度干燥特性试验,初步获得了滇产速生人工林材赤桉的干燥特性数据,以便于开展其干燥技术的深入研究.试验结果表明：赤桉材的初期开裂多在3～4级;内裂平均等级为2级,最严重的为3级;截面变形严重,4级居多;干燥速度慢,为4～5级.分析了滇产赤桉干燥的主要缺陷以及初步解决方案,并根据百度法干燥特性与干燥条件对应表,制定了赤桉的预报干燥基准.     

细叶云南松天然林和人工林木材干燥特性

利用百度试验法对细叶云南松天然林和人工林木材的干燥特性进行研究,分别制定厚度为25 mm的细叶云南松天然林和人工林木材的干燥基准。结果表明,依据百度干燥试验中干燥缺陷及干燥速度分级标准,细叶云南松天然林和人工林试件均无内裂现象,干燥速度快,其特性等级均为1级;细叶云南松天然林试件的主要干燥缺陷是初期开裂和扭曲变形,其特性等级均为2级,截面变形的特性等级为1级,综合特性等级为2级;细叶云南松人工林试件的主要干燥缺陷是截面变形,其特性等级为3级,初期开裂和扭曲变形的特性等级均为1级,综合特性等级为3级。试验结果可为细叶云南松天然林和人工林木材实际生产过程中干燥工艺提供参考。     

博白大果油茶木材干燥特性及干燥基准研究

以16年生博白大果油茶(Camellia gigantocarpa)人工林木材为材料,采用百度试验法研究其干燥特性,并编制干燥基准,以期为大果油茶木材的利用提供参考。结果表明,木材初期开裂等级为1级,主要为端裂;干燥结束后,部分试件出现内裂,等级为2级;平均截面变形值为2.81 mm,等级为4级;平均扭曲值为6.0 mm,等级为3级;木材含水率从30%干燥需12.7 h,平均干燥速度为1.97%/h,等级为2级。博白大果油茶木材属于较易干木材,少裂多变形。根据百度试验缺陷等级及干燥缺陷对应的干燥条件,拟定博白大果油茶木材干燥基准。     

大花序桉木材干燥特性研究

采用百度试验法研究26年生大花序桉木材的干燥特性.结果表明:大花序桉木材初期开裂严重,缺陷等级达4级;截面变形程度2级;内部开裂程度中等,为2级;干燥速度较慢,为5级.根据木材干燥特性结果,参照百度试验缺陷等级以及干燥缺陷对应的干燥条件,制定了26年生大花序桉木材干燥基准.     

柳杉木材干燥特性研究

本文利用百度试验法研究了柳杉的木材干燥特性,结果表明:柳杉属易干木材,干燥速度2级,较快;初期开裂、截面变形、扭曲变形等缺陷均较轻,均为2级;无内裂,体积干缩系数中。参照百度试验缺陷等级以及干燥缺陷对应的干燥条件制定了25～30mm厚柳杉木材干燥基准。     

刨花润楠干燥特性研究

本文利用百度试验法研究了刨花润楠的木材干燥特性,结果表明:刨花润楠属难干木材,干燥速度4级,较慢;截面变形严重,达4级;扭曲明显,为3级;初期开裂和内裂等级分别为1级和2级。参照百度试验缺陷等级以及干燥缺陷对应的干燥条件制定了25～30 mm厚刨花润楠木材干燥基准。     

两种非洲木材的干燥特性与干燥基准

参照"百度试验法"分析短盖豆木和翼红铁木的干燥特性及木材开裂的原因;比较了两种铁木的干燥特性和干燥基准的差异,结果表明:翼红铁木比短盖豆木难干燥,两种试材干燥前期易发生开裂,翼红铁木初期开裂等级为5级,短盖豆木为3级;两种木材的截面变形等级均为3级;翼红铁木比短盖豆木内裂严重.根据缺陷等级标准及其对应的干燥条件拟定了初步的干燥基准.     

降香黄檀木材干燥特性研究

本文利用百度试验法对降香黄檀木材的干燥特性进行研究,制定厚度为25mm的降香黄檀木材的干燥基准。研究结果表明,依据百度干燥试验中干燥缺陷及干燥速度分级标准,降香黄檀试件无内裂现象,其特性等级均为1级;截面变形和扭曲变形的特性等级均为2级;初期开裂是降香黄檀试件最主要的干燥缺陷,降香黄檀试件的干燥速度属中等水平,其特性等级均为3级;综合特性等级为3级。本实验为实际生产过程中降香黄檀干燥工艺提供理论依据。     

菲律宾桃花芯木锯材干燥工艺初探

以菲律宾桃花芯木为研究对象,探索30 mm厚菲律宾桃花芯木锯材干燥工艺。通过百度试验法得知其初期开裂为3级、内裂为2~3级、截面变形为1级;通过密度测定实验得知其气干密度为0.562 g/cm^3、全干密度为0.517 g/cm^3和基本密度为0.465 g/cm^3。根据该木材密度和干燥特性制定3种30 mm厚菲律宾桃花芯木锯材干燥基准并分别进行常规干燥工艺试验。通过对3次工艺试验结果的综合分析表明：在3次工艺实验所用执行基准均能满足2级干燥指标。其中,第一次工艺实验所用执行干燥基准为本研究中最佳干燥基准。第一次工艺实验的初始温度为60℃,末期温度为80℃、初含水率为66.97%、终含水率为7.79%的锯材干燥周期为185 h。     

Drying Characteristics and Drying Schedule Establishment of Eucalyptus pellita Wood

The key problems of preparing water-based nano TiO₂ wood preservatives are the particle’s agglomeration and dispersion.The influences of adding titanate NDZ-105 and sodium hexamet aphosphate on transmittance,effects of dispersion modification on crystal type,distribution and interface characteristics of modified TiO₂ in wood were studied by photometric,XRD,SEM and FTIR analysis,respectively.The results show that the dispersion of nano TiO₂ suspension firstly increased, then decreased as the amount of the two kinds of dispersed agent increased,when addition amount of titanate N DZ-105,six partial sodium were separately 5%and 3%-5%,the nano TiO₂ wood preservatives were obtained that their dispersive property were stabilized.After dispersion modification,the TiO₂ maintained the crystal diffraction characteristics of anatase;the nano TiO₂ distributed in wood successfully,showing a granule or ball-shaped,and the hydrogen bond and covalent bond were combined between wood and nano-TiO₂,but only hydrogen bond was combined between wood cellulose and IPBC.     

阴香木材干燥特性研究

为掌握阴香木材的干燥特性,制定合理的干燥基准.利用百度试验法进行研究阴香木材的干燥特性,结果表明：阴香木材干燥速度为2级,较快;截面变形程度较轻,为1级;初期开裂较严重,为3级;扭曲等级为3级,无内裂.针对阴香木材的干燥特性,参照百度试验缺陷等级以及干燥缺陷对应的干燥条件拟定25～ 30 mm厚阴香木材的干燥基准.在实际的窑干生产中只需对拟定的干燥基准进行适当的调整和优化便可以得到适合于阴香木材的干燥基准,提高干燥基准的制定效率,为促进阴香木材的开发和利用提供科学的理论依据.     

小径巨尾桉干燥特性与干燥工艺

通过百度试验法研究小径巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E. urophylla)的干燥特性,制定巨尾桉材干燥基准,进行干燥工艺优化试验.结果表明:小径巨尾桉材初期开裂等级为3级,内裂等级为2级,截面变形等级为5级,属中等难干材;采用制定的巨尾桉材干燥基准,试件从初含水率115.13%降至8.50%的干燥周期为16.3 d,除瓦弯变形外,其他可见干燥缺陷指标均达到国家标准GB/T 6491—2012 《锯材干燥质量》规定的一级要求.     

滇产黄毛青冈木材干燥特性的研究

鉴于百度试验法时木材干燥特性研究的不全面性,首先利用百度试验法开展了滇产黄毛青冈材干燥特性的初步研究,提出了预报干燥基础,再据此以地板坯料为干燥对象开展干燥工艺的试验研究,以全面归纳分析黄毛青网材的干燥特性。百度法研究表明：黄毛青冈材的初期开裂为4级,内裂为5级,截面变形1—3级,干燥速度为1-2级。地板料干燥工艺研究表明：采用研究提出的预报基准,23mm厚黄毛青冈地板坯料从初含水率52．3％干燥到12．9％,干燥周期为492h,但干燥质量达不到国家标准中对地板料干燥质量的要求,严重变形和过高的含水率偏差是此中主要原因。综合评定后认为,黄毛青冈属难干材,文中还就其干燥工艺的优化提出了建议。     

Effect of external compressive load on tangential strain behavior in Japanese larch log cross sections during radio-frequency/vacuum drying

This study investigated the effect of a compressive load of 0.092 MPa on the history of the tangential strains in Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Gordon) log cross sections subjected to external compressive load during radio-frequency/vacuum drying. The external compressive load of 0.092 MPa played a role in inducing cracking in the outer zone of the log cross section, combining with other tensile strains. However, it also played a role in reducing the heart checks in the core of log cross section when exerted on the cross section of log cross section.     

The influences of log storage and kiln drying climate on the colour of non-steamed beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood

Abstract

Discolouration during the drying of non-steamed beech is a major industrial concern. The generally preferred yellow-white colour can easily develop a reddish or dull grey appearance during drying. In this study, the influences of log storage time and kiln drying climate on the colour of non-steamed sawn beech have been investigated and quantified. Samples 27×87 mm in cross section were dried in laboratory kilns and the average colour, in CIELAB colour space was measured on dry planed surfaces using a photoelectric colorimeter. Log storage for 13 weeks under low-temperature conditions had no visible effect. The reddish discolouration is mainly temperature related while the greyish discolouration is mainly controlled by the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) during the initial drying. Within the investigated climate interval, the EMC was twice as important as temperature for the final colour. Regression models developed show that, as long as the EMC is kept below 15%, a temperature of up to 37°C can be allowed without any visually detectable discolouration.     

Numerical and experimental study of moisture-induced stress and strain field developments in timber logs

When solid wood dries from a green condition to a moisture content used for further processing, moisture-induced fracture and stresses can occur. The drying stresses arise because of internal deformation constraints that are strongly affected by the cross-sectional moisture gradient differential shrinkage and the inhomogeneity of the material. To obtain a better understanding of how stresses develop during climatic variations, the field histories of stresses (and strains) in cross sections in their entirety need to be studied. The present paper reports on experiments and numerical simulations concerned with analysing the development of strains and stresses during the drying of 15-mm-thick discs of Norway spruce timber log. The samples were dried at 23 °C and relative humidity of 64 % from a green condition to equilibrium moisture content. The moisture gradient in the longitudinal direction was minimised by use of thin discs simplifying the moisture history of the samples studied. The strain field history was measured throughout the drying process by use of a digital image correlation system. Numerical simulations of the samples agreed rather well with the experimental strain results obtained. The stress results also indicated where in the cross section and when fractures could be expected to occur during drying. More optimal drying schemes showed markedly reduced stress generation.     

STEAMING-HIGH TEMPERATURE DRYING OF LARCH LUMBER

A series of drying tests on Larch Lumber and a theoretical analysis led to the follow-ing conclusions:1.Steaming pretreatment is a very powerful means to decrease defects induced by the drying processand increases the drying velocity of the lumber.2.The steaming—high一temperature drying schedule had resulted in fast drying and good quality ofthe dried lumber.     

黄毛青冈等四种硬木干燥特性的研究

对黄毛青冈、高山栲、滇石栎和栓皮栎等四种硬阔叶树材的构造、密度、全干缩率、弦、径向干缩变化、用百度法和气干等进行了观察和试验。结果表明四种木材导管内含有丰富或较多的侵填体,密度甚大,全干缩率大,弦、径向干缩比差异也大,水分传导性差,干燥速度缓慢,干燥时易发生表裂、内裂、翘弯和扭曲等现象,属难干材。通过试验,提出了克服干燥缺陷的一些措施,为制定四种木材干燥工艺提供了依据。