油墨专用紫胶树脂的研制和应用

研究漂白紫胶加工改性为油墨专用树脂的工艺，使其既保持天然紫胶树脂的一系列优良特性，又适应其在油墨加工中的应用。文章阐述了专用树脂在各类油墨中的使用及特性，既扩大了紫胶树脂的用途又开发了油墨新产品，该树脂有良好的应用前景。     

国外紫胶生产概况和应用发展趋势

综述了印度和泰国近年来原胶、粉胶和片胶的生产及贸易概况,并分析了紫胶作为天然树脂利用的主要发展障碍及排除障碍的途径。简要介绍了近年来各国在各工业部门利用紫胶的专利,包括涂料、油墨、墨水、食品包装、化妆品、胶粘剂、药物胶囊等领域。     

BLW—水溶性油墨的研制与应用

ＢＬＳ－水溶性油墨应用了作者研制的、能长期贮存的改性漂白紫胶树脂。油墨由紫胶树脂、水性丙烯酸树适当的有机颜料、溶剂、助剂元首与制而成，具有良好的流动性，贮存稳定性、干燥性、耐水性及印刷适应性；使用中返溶性好，泡沫少、清洗方便；最终印件清晰、饱满、附着力强，因使用无毒树和溶剂而无环境污染，安全可靠。     

试论我国紫胶生产的发展方向

本文根据国内外紫胶发展的情况、经验、成果和问题,把紫胶工业作为一个系统工程,对紫胶生产中各种不利因素和有利因素及相互关系进行了较全面、系统而又深刻的分析研究,并针对如何实现我国紫胶发展的宏伟目标从七个方面作了全面论述。笔者把系统工程中各因素,紫胶主产国中、印、泰数十年来原胶生产的数据和特点分别绘制成图,使读者一目了然,并从中得到启示。     

大朝山东镇紫胶产业发展技术措施

对景东县大朝山东镇紫胶寄主树种植概况及紫胶虫放养近况,紫胶的物理特性及其用途等进行了介绍．论述在该镇紫胶产业基地建设中基地选址、寄主植物选择及其幼林抚育、树形培养,紫胶虫放养,紫胶采收等一系列关键技术措施．分析了紫胶产业发展前景．     

国内外紫胶深加工技术现状及趋势

综述国内外紫胶结构的差异,紫胶深加工产品紫胶蜡、紫胶色素、紫胶桐酸、漂白胶的国内外生产技术及工艺;阐述紫胶改性、漂白机理、漂白紫胶脱氯技术及紫胶新应用领域等国内外紫胶深加工技术研究及发展趋势;最后,提出紫胶深加工技术研究的方向和建议.     

紫胶辨证

紫胶也称虫胶,是紫胶蚧雌虫寄生在某些树种上,形成的一种硬化了的紫红色分泌物。这种分泌物,富含紫胶树脂以及紫胶色素,紫胶蜡等化学成分,现已成为军事工业、多种轻重工业极其重要的原料。 紫胶蚧属胶蚧科胶蚧属,是南亚特有的一种资源昆虫,我国云南南部、西藏东南部即是其北部原产地。我国利用紫胶的历史,一直可以追溯到晋代以前。     

云南紫胶产区的划分及其区域特征

紫胶产区的划分,是为了进一步加深对云南各种紫胶产区自然特性的了解,为各种产区制订不同的生产技术措施提供科学依据。根据紫胶产区的自然条件和生产状况,云南的紫胶产区,可分为甲、乙、丙三个等级和湿润、半干半湿、干燥三个类型。共分为甲级半干半湿型,乙级半干半湿型,丙级半干半湿型,甲级湿润型,乙级湿润型,丙级湿润型,丙级干燥型七种产区,共十六个小区。一、紫胶产区的划分,气候指标及经济地位 1.甲级半干半湿型     

改进漂白紫胶存放性能的研究与应用

引言漂白紫胶由于色浅、快干、光洁明亮等优点被广泛用于食品、制革、造纸、家俱等工业部门,由于近年来紫胶二次产品,改性紫胶的发展,使其成为一项重要的紫胶树脂产品。然而经一般化学处理的漂白紫胶储存期短。据西德“KPS公司虫胶规格(说明     

发展紫胶脱贫致富

桂平县的地理位置、湿度、温度等环境条件适宜发展夏代紫胶生产。尤其是北、西、南山区更具有夏代紫胶生产的自然条件。近两年来我县紫胶生产有了新的起色,为山区群众脱贫致富开辟了一条新的途径。我县紫胶生产始于1965年,但由于十年     

Detecting asymptomatic ink‐diseased chestnut trees by the composition of the ectomycorrhizal community

The research was performed in a new and isolated ink disease outbreak. Nine sweet chestnuts of comparable age, growing under same environmental and site conditions, and belonging to three phytosanitary classes (healthy, infected but asymptomatic and symptomatic) were randomly selected. Their ectomycorrhizal community was monitored during two periods, with regard to species abundance, to verify whether the community composition can be useful as an ink disease bioindicator. From the 216 samples, 29 ectomycorrhizal species were recorded, with abundances that changed with the health status of the tree. The results demonstrated that the mycorrhizal community composition was highly related to the ink disease level, allowing the consideration of the use of this parameter as a tool for the quick detection and control of the early stages of the disease.     

Large‐scale fuzzy rule‐based prediction for suitable chestnut ink disease sites: a case study in north‐east Italy

In the past few decades, economic interest in the cultivation of chestnuts for both timber and nut production has resurfaced in the Mediterranean area. However, chestnut cultivation has suffered in recent years from the spread of exotic pests, such as the gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus, and from the resurgence of previously present diseases, most likely due to anomalous climate dynamics. This is the case with chestnut ink disease, caused by the soilborne pathogens Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. cambivora. Scientific and technical support in monitoring and management, that utilizes new forecasting approaches incorporating related environmental variables, is therefore essential. The main aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model assessing the potential for the establishment of chestnut ink disease at a large scale. Towards this goal, fuzzy rule‐based theory was applied to the environmental variables associated with host presence, pathogens' ecological niches and ink disease symptoms expression. The effectiveness of the rule‐based modelling outcomes, provided with uncertainty maps to facilitate their correct interpretation, was confirmed by detailed field data collected from a large chestnut‐growing area where ink disease has been increasing in recent years. The final model gave consistent predictions for disease presence. For this reason, it represents a flexible and valuable decision‐support tool to forecast which sites are at risk from CID.     

涂覆工艺对杉木表面可逆变色水性涂料性能的影响

探究涂覆工艺对杉木表面可逆变色水性涂料性能的影响。以底漆道数、面漆道数与变色油墨添加方式为试验因素,进行三因素两水平正交试验并优化工艺参数,探究不同涂覆工艺对添加变色油墨水性涂料漆膜的力学、光学、耐液性能的影响,研究老化温度和时间对漆膜变色性能的影响。结果表明:变色油墨添加方式对漆膜色差和光泽度影响最大;对于添加变色油墨的水性涂料,涂覆工艺对漆膜附着力、抗冲击力、耐液等级等原有性能影响较小,不同涂覆工艺下漆膜光泽度变化无明显规律;当涂覆工艺为3道底漆、3道面漆、变色油墨添加于面漆中时,形成的漆膜变色性能、光泽度较佳,漆膜综合性能良好,漆膜变色性能在老化时间和温度变化的情况下保持稳定。该研究为智能涂料的发展提供新思路。     

香椿种子发芽率测定方法的研究

测定香椿种子发芽率有物理，生理，生化等方法。用直观法，红四氮唑（TTC）染色法，蓝墨水染色法，导电法，吸胀状态测定法对香椿种子的发芽率进行了测定研究，结果表明：用TTC，蓝墨水染色法测定香椿种子的发芽率，测定迅速，方法简便，容易掌握，结果可靠，是较为理想的测定方法，值得推广。     

三种常用方法防治松干线虫的研究

在病虫害防治过程中切断传染路径是重要的传统防治方法。松干线虫的主要传染媒介是松墨天牛,伐除病死木、熏蒸方法处理残余伐根、诱捕器捕杀天牛成虫3种方法相结合,处理染病林分,并和没有进行处理的林分进行比较,试验表明,染病个体植株数明显下降,松墨天牛虫口密度大幅度降低。基于这样的思路,设计了试验方案,收集大量数据,并进行数据处理分析,得出结论,为松干线虫的防治提供理论依据。     

Soil compaction and chestnut ink disease

Chestnut ink disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi, a soil‐borne pathogen of world‐wide distribution, accounts for the majority of disease problems on chestnuts in Portugal, limiting yield in a large number of stands and impeding establishment of trees in new areas. A survey was carried out in 32 chestnut stands in the Padrela Mountains of northern Portugal to investigate the relationship among ink disease occurrence, edaphic factors and management practices. A logistic regression function was employed to analyze the effect of soil attributes and management practices on the stand health status. Results showed that the main factors affecting disease were soil compaction (COMP), soil organic matter level (OM) and manuring practice (MA). A logistic model containing the soil variable COMP and the interaction term OM × MA correctly predicted the stand health status in 94%, or 30, of the 32 stands studied. The logistic function coefficients indicate that the probability of a stand having ink disease increases with increasing soil compaction and increasing soil organic matter content in stands where manuring is the usual practice.     

徽商兴起与中国传统林业

明清时期起源于皖南山区徽州的徽商是中国的一大商帮，徽商主要是茶、木、盐和典当四大产业，其资本积累以及后来的繁荣均得益于徽州丰富的森林资源。徽商重视文化和教育，在森林资源的开发利用中，重视生态环境保护和先进林业科学技术应用，在经营杉木、竹子等大宗林产品的同时，充分发挥徽州自然资源丰富的优势，科学经营茶叶、蚕桑、干果、水果、木本油料、纤维类等植物资源,发展具有徽州的笔、墨、纸、砚文房四宝等，形成了徽州林业可持续发展的体系，是我国传统林业的宝贵财富。     

对柳毒蛾NPV为保护剂的试验研究

以柳毒蛾NPV为主剂，活性碳，墨汁与光保护剂配制液体杀虫剂，在自然阳光下曝晒11h,22h,33h，原始活性残留率为93．4％－99．1％，88．3％－91．3％，82．1％－85．5％，对照为92．4％，77％，75．3％。     

3种山龙眼科植物种子生活力快速测定方法的效果比较

采用TTC(四唑法)和红墨水染色法两种方法对山龙眼科的美极山龙眼、无柄卢卡树、圆锥山龙眼3种植物种子的生活力进行了测定,并与其种子苗床播种出苗率进行对比试验。结果表明,TTC染色法和红墨水染色法测定此3种山龙眼科植物种子的生活力与其种子的苗床实际出苗率之间不存在显著差异性。TTC染色法和红墨水染色法,都可用于对这3种山龙眼科植物种子生活力的快速测定。