勃利县红松根朽病防治技术的研究

通过调查、观测,掌握了红松根朽病在勃利县林区发病规律以及环境因素对该病害的影响。结果表明,红松根朽病的发病规律为：郁闭度大的林分病害较重,阴坡重于阳坡,山中下腹重于山上腹;使用树干基部涂药和根部注药相结合的方法防治效果最好,防治效果达95%以上。     

辽宁省实验林场森林病虫害状况及防治措施的调查

通过1973—1999年的连续调查,辽宁省实验林场主要病虫害有红松落针病、红松疱锈病、红松根朽病、胡桃楸扁叶甲、落叶松鞘蛾、落叶松八齿小蠹、松纵坑切梢小蠹、落叶松毛虫8种,并对8种病虫害的状况及防治措施进行了阐述。     

文摘选

加拿大研究的主要树病(铃木和夫,日《森林防疫》1985,9:14—17) 加拿大1985～1990年的主要树病研究课题是:1、Endocronartium harknesii侵染的松瘤病,和Cronartium ribicola侵染的五针松疱锈病等(北方森林研究所和太平洋岸森林研究所承担);2、枹蕈菌和松根朽菌侵染的根腐病(太平洋岸森林研究     

油松根径和立木材积相关关系的研究

通过对３７０株油松根径（Ｄ＿ｏ）和立木材积的相关分析，建立了回归方程，并运用加权最小二乘法估计了回归方程的参数，确定了最合理模型：     

代森锌防治红松根朽病

我局广大革命群众,遵照毛主席关于“绿化祖国”、“实行大地园林化”的伟大教导,在荒山秃岭,采伐迹地上营造了大面积的红松人工林。但自1969年以来,7-9年生的红松幼树,发生根朽病。红光林场有2,000多亩人工红松林,遭受危害。楸皮沟经营所、红星林场等处,亦遭受不同程度的危害,并逐渐蔓延,严重的影响了红松林的正常生长。在毛主席“备战、备荒、为人民”的伟大战略方针指引下,红光林场的工人、干部和技术人员,对我站防治红松根朽病,给予极大的支持,于1971年7月上旬,用代森锌进行防治试验。结果证明,效果良好。现将试验结果,     

柳树根朽病防治研究

柳树根朽病是一种严重为害柳树正常生长的根部病害。在进行抑制柳树根朽病药剂筛选试验的基础上，选择抑菌效果较好的三福美、硫酸铜、三唑酮、百菌清、二硫化碳、十三吗啉、防病促生剂等药剂用于柳树根朽病的防治试验，配合土壤消毒、更换客土、设置隔离物等措施，结果表明二硫化碳、十三吗啉、三唑酮防效较好，通过防治能明显延缓垂柳发病死亡时间。通过试验发现哈茨木霉对柳树根醑朽病病原菌有较强的拮抗作用，可用于柳树根朽病的生物防治。     

应用望高法求积式编制根径材积表方法的探讨

应用望高法求积原理探讨编制根径材积表的方法，最后选用V＝3．9056g0-0.0045=0.000360675D^2o-0.0045模型为南京紫金山林区编制马尾松根径材积表，其相关系娄秋0．9755，平均误差为－3．56％，实际精度达到85．7％。，     

松根颈树皮象的发生与防治

松根颈树皮象的发生与防治王淑敏松根颈树皮象俗称“松香虫”，在云南省发生普遍且历史已久远。在没有人为控制的情况下，它危害松林的情况呈逐年上升趋势，给林业生产造成了巨大损失。一、发生及危害松根颈树皮象多发生在海拔１４００～２３００米、年平均气温１２．５～...     

新西兰辐射松在我国生长推广前景广阔

新西兰辐射松是一种速生、高产和多用途的树种。近年来新西兰的辐射松原木、锯材对我国的出口大幅度增长，如２００２年原木对我国市场出口量突破１４０万立方米，约９０００万美元，锯材为２０万立方米，近４０００万美元，均创历史新高，这说明我国木材市场对新西兰辐射松有着很大的需求。新西兰辐射松是个什么样的树种？它的用途如何？在我国哪些地区能生长？如此的问题已引起许多人士的关注。一、新西兰辐射松的生态适应性、生长特性及其利用新西兰辐射松的拉丁名为PinusradiataD．Don，普遍使用的英文名是Radiatapine。英文Radiata有…     

槐尺蛾第4,5代产卵量与蛹期的预测预报

槐尺蛾繁殖量大，发生世代多，利用雌蛹重和蛹期预报发生数量与孵化时间是防治的关键。经测定，雌蛹重和产卵量的相关方程为ｙ＝－３４７．４４＋５８９．９５ｘ；利用变温经“加权法”算出蛹期发育起点温度Ｃ＝１４．４０±０．８７℃，有效积温Ｋ＝１７９．４４±１３．０１（ＤＤ），这种测定方法既简捷又符合实际。     

Relationship of site and stand characteristics to Armillaria root disease incidence on ponderosa pine in the Black Hills,South Dakota

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Black Hills National Forest, SD, USA, was surveyed for Armillaria root disease (ARD). The root pathogen Armillaria ostoyae occurred on ponderosa pine seedlings, saplings, pole‐size trees and large‐diameter trees. The mean incidence of aboveground disease symptoms by stem count was low (0.2%), but in certain areas, the incidence was higher, affecting the regeneration success and tree longevity. Symptomatic ponderosa pine were in areas characterized by having higher elevation, greater annual precipitation, more seedlings, bigger large‐diameter trees and greater odds of past harvesting activity than in areas without root disease. Stump density was positively spatially correlated with root disease incidence. No particular soil type was related to disease occurrence; though, in areas with symptomatic trees, soil available water holding capacity (AWC) was greater and soil permeability was less where root disease was present. Spatial analysis confirmed the relationships found in linear correlations, with soil AWC and stump density positively and soil permeability negatively correlated with per cent infected stems ha^?1 and basal area infected.     

Studies in Forest Pathology Root Rot due to Rhizoctonia solani Kühn

A root rot disease of Phyllanthus emblica, Quercus serrata and Citrus sp. due to Rbizoctonia solani has been observed in the two tropical forests of Meghalaya in May to August. Seedling mortality was 39.4% in P. emblica, 38.6% in Q. serrata and 17.1% in Citrus sp. Older plants were resistant to this disease. High temperature and rainfall favour the disease development. The disease was observed in silt and clay soil with pH 6.10 and 6.38 and moisture content 22.8 and 24.6% respectively. The fungus grows over a broad temperature ranges (5 to 40°C) with optimum temperature at 20 to 35°C. The pathogenicity of the fungus was established. The fungus possesses quick and wide powers of saprophytic colonization of dead and healthy roots and soil. This is a new host record for this fungus on P. emblica and Q. serrata in India.     

Identification of the Armillaria root rot pathogen in Ethiopian plantations

Armillaria root rot is a well‐known disease on a wide range of plants, world‐wide. In Ethiopia, the disease has previously been reported on Pinus spp., Coffea arabica and on various native hardwoods. The causal agent of the disease has been attributed to Armillaria mellea, a species now known to represent a complex of many different taxa. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of Armillaria root rot and the identity of the Armillaria sp. in Ethiopian plantations. As part of a plantation disease survey in 2000 and 2001, samples were collected in plantations at and around Munessa Shashemene, Wondo Genet, Jima, Mizan and Bedele, in south and south‐western Ethiopia. Basidiocarps were collected and their morphology studied. Morphological identification was confirmed by sequencing the intergenic spacer (IGS‐1) region of the ribosomal rRNA operon and comparing data with published sequences of Armillaria spp. Armillaria isolates were collected from Acacia abyssinica, Pinus patula, Cedrela odorata and Cordia alliodora trees. Sporocarps were found on stumps of native Juniperus excelsa. Basidiocarp morphology and sequence data suggested that the fungus in Ethiopia is similar to that causing disease of Pinus spp. in South Africa and previously identified as A. fuscipes. This identification was confirmed for all isolates, based on sequence data. Armillaria fuscipes is known to be common in southern Africa. Its widespread occurrence in Ethiopia suggests that it is also the major cause of Armillaria root rot in that country.     

Modelling root rot incidence in Sweden using tree,site and stand variables

Decay and root rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s. lato is the most serious disease of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Mathematical models of disease development have recently been developed for forestry planning purposes. Functions for predicting the probability of decay were developed from two data sets, one comprising trees and another comprising stumps. From the years 1983–2001, 45,587 Norway spruce trees from the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI) were analysed for decay incidence at 1.3 m height and correlation with environmental conditions. The decay frequency increased in all studied regions from the first to the second half of the period for trees with comparable tree and environmental attributes. In a stepwise logistic regression, sets of functions were developed showing significance regarding stand age, site index class, temperature sum, height above sea level, diameter at 1.3 m, soil moisture and texture, proportion of spruce and eastern coordinates. The functions were calibrated and validated with a data set from the Swedish NFI from the years 1993–2002 comprising 7,893 stumps. The calibration of decay incidence at breast height to stump height doubled the decay incidence (R ²=0.85). The developed functions could be used to establish initial conditions for dynamic modelling of disease and in strategic planning.     

Examination of low-pathogenicity isolates of Armillaria mellea from natural stands of Picea abies in Middle-Europe

In certain indigenous Picea abies Karst. stands in the Thuringian Forest (Middle-Europe), the incidence of butt rot and die-back of saplings caused by Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Karst. is conspicuously low in spite of a general spread of this fungus on stumps of clear-fellings. The majority of 43 isolates of A. mellea recovered from 13 highland infection centres were unable to form the brown type of rhizo-morphs (BR) in soil but could form the white type rhizomorphs (WR) on sterile substrates. In contrast, 17 isolates from lowland hardwood stands of average disease incidence produced both types of rhizo-morphs on both substrates. Results of inoculation of excised stem and root sections of Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica L. and saplings of P. abies associated with soils of different fertility levels indicated that the low disease index of certain P. abies stands is caused by the dominance of low-pathogenicity strains of A. mellea which lack the ability to form BR and penetrate non-injured bark of roots. Moreover, the poor podzolic highland soil types may contribute more to increase the survival rate and resistance of transplanted P. abies saplings than to reduce the spread of A. mellea.     

Effects of metals and pH on in vitro growth of Armillaria ostoyae and other root and butt rot fungi of red spruce

Armillaria ostoyae, Perenniporia subacida, Resinicium bicolor and Scytinostroma galactinum, root and butt rot fungi found on red spruce, Picea rubens, were tested, in vitro, for their sensitivity to metals typically found in high elevation forest soils where red spruce grows. Rhizomorph production by A. ostoyae from woody inocula in soils from red spruce stands at three elevations at each of five mountainous sites in the eastern United States was inhibited completely in the mineral soil from all elevations at all sites, and was also reduced significantly in the organic horizon from the upper two elevations at three of the sites. Inhibition was correlated with concentrations of metal ions in the soil. Growth of rhizomorphs into an agar medium containing lead and other heavy metals was inhibited for isolates of A. ostoyae from red spruce, but not for an isolate of Armillaria gallica from sugar maple; aluminium inhibited rhizomorph growth of isolates of both species. Mycelial growth of all four root and butt rot fungi was inhibited by lead, aluminium and other heavy metals depending on the solubility and concentration of metal and pH of the medium; growth inhibition was usually greater at an initial pH of 3.5 than at pH 4.5. Metal ions inhibited radial growth of Armillaria species more than that of the other three fungi. Rhizomorph growth of Armillaria was inhibited more than radial growth. Because local spread of A. ostoyae occurs frequently by means of rhizomorph growth between near roots, increases in lead, aluminium and other metals in the forest floor may contribute to this fungus' scarcity in high elevation soils and reduced incidence of infection at these sites in the eastern United States.     

三峡库区马尾松细根分解及其养分释放

[目的]为认识马尾松细根对土壤养分库的贡献,[方法]本研究以三峡库区秭归县九岭头林场马尾松为研究对象,采用埋袋法进行细根分解实验,探讨0.5 mm、0.5 1 mm和1 2 mm细根的分解动态和养分释放(C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg)。[结果]结果表明:(1)细根分解368 d后,0.5 mm、0.5 1 mm和1 2 mm细根干重残留率分别为66.0%、72.0%和74.33%,且细根分解速率随直径增加而减小;(2)细根分解速率与土壤温度呈显著正相关关系(p0.05),与土壤湿度呈正相关关系(p0.05);(3)细根C、K和Mg元素迁移模式表现为释放,Ca元素表现为富集;(4)细根N、P元素在不同径级细根中迁移模式不同,0.5 mm细根N、P元素表现为释放,0.5 2 mm细根N、P元素在分解过程中出现富集阶段。[结论]马尾松细根分解与土壤温度和直径大小显著相关,其中分解与温度呈正相关,与直径呈负相关;在细根分解过程中,马尾松细根不同直径大小的不同养分元素的表现状态不一致,或富集,或释放。     

中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌

简要论述了中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌,共报道危害活立木的木腐菌４９种,对每个种的寄主、腐朽类型及分布进行了报道,它们中多数造成白色腐朽,少数导致褐色腐朽,其中在我国首次报道为森林病原菌的种类有：白黄小薄孔菌Ａｎｔｒｏｄｉｅｌｌａ ａｌｂｏｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｅａ,奥氏蜜环菌Ａｒｍｉｌｌａｒｉａ ａｓｔｏｙａｅ,亚黑管孔菌Ｂｊｅｒｋａｎｄｅｒａ ｆｕｍｏｓａ,硬栓孔菌Ｆｕｎａｌｉａ ｔｒａｇｉｉ,小孔异担     

花椒根腐病防治的研究

苗圃预防试验结果表明，粉锈宁可有效地防治花椒苗期根腐病，经处理后的苗圃发病率为对照的１／１７。不同立地类型移栽试验显示，新垦山地及农耕地中的砂土，砂壤土较适宜花椒生长，不易感染根腐病，成年椒园根腐病的防治效果，以粉锈宁灌根方式较好，并与施药剂的次数有关，在此基础上，本文结合病害流行条件与花椒栽培布局结构关系，初步探索出预防和治疗根腐病害的综合措施。