漆树酶的固定化——Ⅱ对氨基苯砜乙基(ABSE-)交联琼脂固定化漆树酶的研究

漆树酶(EC.1.10.3.2)共价偶联在对氨基苯砜乙基(ABSE-)交联琼脂上。研究了固定漆树酶的条件,比较了琼脂与琼脂糖两种固定化酶载体。固定化漆树酶的活力达23光密度变化值/分·克(干),活力回收达37％。找出了固定化漆树酶的最适温度和最适pH,测定了它的米氏常数,热稳定性和重复使用性,并且与天然漆树酶进行了比较。探讨了残余重氮盐对固定化酶的影响。固定化漆树酶能重复使用二十次以上,其热稳定性也优于天然漆树酶。     

秦岭细粘束孢产漆酶的培养条件

漆酶(Laccase,EC1.10.3.2)属于蓝色氧化酶家族的一种多酚氧化酶,是重要的木质纤维(lingocellulose)降解酶之一(Bertrand et al.,2002)。漆酶能催化降解多种芳香族化合物特别是酚类物质(Solomon et al.,1996)。由于漆酶具有430～790mV氧化还原电位(Shleev et al.,2003),能够将分子氧直接还原为水,在没有H2O2和其他次级代谢产物存在下,只要存在溶解氧,就可直接氧化底物(韩     

Tree-to tree variation on Picea abies in growth inhibition against Fomes annosus

The spread of Fomes annosus was measured on a set of 20 mature trees which were artificial inoculated. These observations were compared with growth observations and laccase activity of F. annosus grown on wood dust from the same 20 trees. Although variation between Fomes strains as well as between trees was recorded, correspondance between field and laboratory observations was absent in the present material.     

Effect of coniferyl alcohol addition on removal of chlorophenols from water effluent by fungal laccase

The effect of coniferyl alcohol on removal of chlorinated phenols from a water environment byRhizoctonia praticola andCerrena unicolor laccases was studied. At optimal conditions in which 7 mM coniferyl alcohol and laccase were added to chlorinated phenols over 20h, about 34% of the radioactivity of 4-chlorophenol, 57% of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 66% of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, and 85% of pentachlorophenol were removed from the supernatants, compared to the level without laccase activity. After 12-h incubation periods at the optimal concentrations of coniferyl alcohol and laccase (added simultaneously), the fast first phase of chlorophenol removal was complete in 1 h, and eventually coniferyl alcohol enhanced the removal of 4-chlorophenol by 40%, 2,4-dichlorophenol by 54%, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol by 60%, and pentachlorophenol by 76%.     

Effects of laccase incubated from white rot fungi on the mechanical properties of fiberboard

White rot fungi were optimized to cultivate highly active laccase. The characteristics of laccase incubated by continuous culture were compared with those of direct culture. The enzyme activity of laccase incubated by continuous culture technology reached a higher value on the fifth day of the growth. The optimization incubation time of high activity laccase was the eleventh day. A large amount of highly active laccase can be obtained in a relatively short time by continuous culture to replace traditional laccase. After laccase treatment, the lignin composition of wood fibers were oxidation-catalyzed by laccase. The number of chemical-bonding points between the wood fibers was increased. The wood fibers treated by laccase were fabricated into boards and their mechanical properties improved with the laccase-incubation times.Compared with the fiberboards made from fibers that were pre-treated by laccase of incubation 5 days, the static bending strength of those that were pre-treated by laccase of incubation 11 days was increased by 18.95%, the elastic modulus was increased by 35.49%, and the internal bond strength was increased by 44.11%.     

漆酶催化氧化反应研究进展

总结了漆酶底物的结构特点。漆酶催化氧化反应机理主要表现在底物自由基的产生和漆酶分子中四个铜离子的协同作用。选择适当的底物和反应条件，可以提高漆酶催化氧化反应的选择性，展望了漆酶催化反应的工业应用前景。     

Extractives of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus crispula</Emphasis> sapwood infected by the pathogenic fungi <Emphasis Type="Italic">Raffaelea quercivora</Emphasis> I: comparison of sapwood extractives from noninfected and infected samples

The extracts of Quercus crispula infected by the ambrosia fungus, Raffaelea quercivora, were investigated. Phenol and tannin analyses indicated that normal sapwood (NS) contained a considerable amount of hydrolysable tannins, while infected colored sapwood (IS) contained less hydrolysable tannins and more phenols than NS. In treating pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), which is a model compound of hydrolysable tannins, with a culture medium of R. quercivora, PGG was rapidly hydrolyzed to produce gallic acid. The resulting gallic acid decreased in concentration over the subsequent cultivation period eventually disappeared. Measuring tannase and laccase activities of the culture medium of R. quercivora, tannase activity increased gradually from the beginning, while laccase activity increased rapidly at 5 days of incubation and disappeared at 8 days. An oxidative product from gallic acid treated with laccase was isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and was identified as purprogallincarboxylic acid (PGCA) by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron-impact mass spectrometry. PGCA was present in a 70% aqueous acetone extract of IS, and showed slight growth inhibition against R. quercivora. Part of this study was presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, Japan, 2007     

麦秸无胶碎料板制备工艺研究

以麦秸碎料为主要原料,采用漆酶水浴与干法两种不同处理方法压制麦秸无胶碎料板,研究热压温度、热压压力和热压时间对板材物理力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:影响麦秸无胶碎料板物理力学性能的主要因素是热压温度;水浴处理方法压制碎料板的物理力学性能优于干法压制的碎料板;漆酶水浴处理方法较优的热压工艺参数为漆酶用量43.6U/g,含水率10%,热压温度170℃,热压压力3~4MPa,热压时间20~25min。     

利用酚试剂测定漆酶活性的比色法

利用酚试剂研究了漆酶活性的比色测定方法。在实验条件下焦性没食子酸氧化产物的吸光值倒数与反应时间的倒数成正比,符合公式1/Q=(b/a)(1/t)+1/a。于是可用上式中a/b来表征漆酶的催化活性。实测数据表明,本法比常规比色法和通气比色法灵敏。