高等林业院校林业法律教育问题的探讨

该文在阐述高等林业院校林业法律教育的发展历程和现状的基础上,论证了高等林业院校加强林业法律教育的必要性,指出林业发展的历史性转变和生态法制建设对林业专门人才的培养提出了新的要求。该文提出,高等林业院校应加强林业法律教育师资队伍建设;准确定位,分层次、多形式地提供林业法律教育;与实践相结合,促进林业法律教育内涵和外延的发展;落实具体措施,保证林业法律教育的课堂教学质量。     

加强高等林业教育 推进林业现代化

高等林业教育是林业发展的基石和动力源泉。该文认为高等林业教育面临的现状是高等林业教育的规模在扩大,林科类学生招生与就业难,专业课程体系设置不合理,人才培养不适应林业发展的要求等。因此,该文在阐述林业现代化的内涵和现状以及林业发展存在的问题和相应对策的基础上,提出高等林业教育要转变思想和观念,加强高等林业教育管理体制的现代化建设和师资队伍建设,深化教学改革,培养高素质人才,以不断探索与现代化林业相适应的高等林业教育发展之路。     

美国高等林业教育发展研究及启示

该文研究了美国高等林业教育的目标、规模、学生培养、科研及经费等方面的发展现状，并以美国俄勒冈州立大学、依阿华州立大学为例分析了美国高等林业院校在宏观的发展定位、教师队伍建设、科研成果推广等方面的发展及趋势，初步总结了美国高等林业教育在发展过程中所积累的经验。这些经验给了我们很多的启示，并对当前我国高等林业院校的改革和发展提供了很好的借鉴作用。     

全国高等林业职业技术教育研讨会在北京召开

为了进一步落实全国职业技术教育工作会议精神，推动高等林业职业技术教育的改革与发展，中国林业教育学会高教分会筹备召开了“全国高等林业职业技术教育研讨会”。本次会议于2002年12月19—20日在国家林业局林业干部学院召开，来自全国普通高等林业院校的高职学院、独立设置的高等职业技术学院以及黑龙江森林工业集团总公司、中国林业出版社的代表33人参加了会议；国家林业局人事教育司、教育部高教司高职高专处、国家林业局人才交流中心的有关负责同志出席了会议。研讨会的主要议题是：高等林业职业技术教育的发展现状与存在问题；高等林…     

中国与南美洲高等林业教育比较分析

通过对我国与南美洲高等林业教育的比较分析,探讨我国高等林业教育改革的思路,以期为构建面向二十一世纪的高等林业教育体系,提供点滴参考。１机构设备南美洲各大学的林业教育机构基本上设在综合大学和农业大学里,比较集中地分布于所在国的工业、经济、交通发达的大都...     

我区林业教育40年成就

解放前,我国的林业教育是很落后的,我区的高等林业教育,中等林业教育,林业的干部教育和职工教育几乎都是空白。内蒙古自治区成立以后,自治区党委和政府十分重视林业教育,使之得到了空前的发展。现在我区的高等林业院校内蒙古林学院,设林学、森工、沙漠治理三个系,开设林业、森保、林机、采运、木材加工、治沙、水土保持七个专业,在校学生1735人,累计毕业生为2957人。中等林业专业学校有扎兰屯林业学校,牙克石林业学校、牙克石林业师范学校和牙克石林业卫生学校,     

试论林业高职院校"林业经济管理学"课程改革

随着高等教育规模的不断扩大和结构调整，近年来，我国高等林业职业教育规模发展迅猛。据不完全统计，全国通过合并、改建成立的高等林业职业院校已有10余所。从办学规模来看，在校生人数已经占普通高等林业院校在校生人数的三分之一以上，条件和办学水平有了很大提高。尽管高等林业职业院校已经显示出越来越好的办学前景，为林业生态环境建设和地方经济建设培养了大批实用型人才，但还有许多问题亟待解决。促进林业高职教育的健康发展，除了需要国家制定更有利的政策、加大对林业高职教育的投入、加强宣传导向、提高全社会对高等职业教育的…     

中国高等林业教育代表团赴德考察报告

应中德友协邀请，经国家林业局国际合作司批准，由中国林业教育学会副秘书长宋长义教授任团长的中国高等林业教育赴德考察团于2000年9月对德国进行了为期二周的考察。在德期间，代表团访问了哥廷根大学林学院、罗登堡林业高等职业专科学校、好汉姆(Hoheneim)农业大学、彼隆(Beuron)自然保护区。在中德友协总部听取了关于德国的教育体制报告等。通过访问、交流、参观考察，对德国的高等教育，特别是对高等林业教育有了一般性了解，同时也宣传了我国的高等林业教育，增进了相互沟通，对新世纪初深化我国高等林业教育改革有一定的借鉴作用。…     

开拓新思路 探索新途径 努力提高高等林业教育质量和办学效益——刘于鹤同志在全国高等林业院校教学改革研讨会上的讲话（摘要）

开拓新思路探索新途径努力提高高等林业教育质量和办学效益──刘于鹤同志在全国高等林业院校教学改革研讨会上的讲话（摘要）一、“八五”期间高等林业教育改革与发展的主要成绩（一）高等林业教育事业得到长足的发展招生规模稳步增长，办学条件有所改善。截止到１９９４...     

俄罗斯高等林业教育十年改革回顾

俄罗斯联邦有２０所高等院校培养林业方面的专业人才。俄罗斯及前苏联高等林业教育发展较快，专业设置比较齐全，已基本上解决了人才培养的数量问题。近期的高等林业教育改革，是围绕市场经济条件下提高人才培养质量问题展开的。俄目前的高等林业教育现状是近十年经两次较...     

The Eucalyptus stem canker pathogen Teratosphaeria gauchensis represents distinct genetic groups in Africa and South America

Teratosphaeria gauchensis (Capnodiales) causes a serious stem canker disease on commercially propagated Eucalyptus species in South America. Recently, this pathogen was detected for the first time in Africa. Very little is known regarding the biology or origin of T. gauchensis, but it has been suggested that it is native to South America. The aim of this study was to compare isolates from Africa and South America using microsatellite markers. Bayesian analysis conducted in STRUCTURE, principal coordinates analysis and a UPGMA dendrogram revealed two distinct genetic groups for these isolates. The South American isolates were more genetically diverse than those from Africa. Patterns of genetic diversity in Africa suggest that T. gauchensis could have been introduced into Zimbabwe before spreading north‐eastwards. The existence of the two genetic groups and high haplotype richness associated with the South American and Zimbabwean populations suggest that it will be more difficult to reduce the impact of disease caused by T. gauchensis in these regions than in those areas where there is limited genetic diversity.     

The role of vegetation management for enhancing productivity of the world's forests

The management of competing vegetation has evolved with forestmanagement over the past half century and is now an integralpart of modern forestry practice in many parts of the world.Vegetation management, primarily using herbicides, has provenespecially important in the establishment of high-yield forestplantations. There has been a substantial amount of researchquantifying the wood yield gains from the management of competingvegetation over the past few decades. We reviewed results from60 of the longest-term studies in North America (Canada andUS), South Africa, South America (Brazil) and New Zealand/Australia.About three-quarters of the studies reported 30–500 percent increases in wood volume from the most effective vegetationtreatments. In North America, where the longest-term studiesfor a variety of tree species were between 10 and 35 years old(or from 20–100 per cent of rotation age), gains in woodvolume ranged from 4–11 800 per cent in Pacific north-westernforests, 14–5840 per cent in the south-eastern forests,and 49–5478 per cent in northern forests. In South Africaand South America (Brazil), several full-rotation (6–8years) studies with eucalyptus indicate 29–122 per centand 10–179 per cent increases in wood volume yield, respectively,from effective vegetation management. In New Zealand, time gainsof 1 to 4 years from early vegetation control in radiata pineplantations translated into 7–27 per cent increases inwood volume yield over a 25- to 30-year rotation.     

Timber investment returns for selected plantations and native forests in South America and the Southern United States

Timber investment returns were estimated for the principal exotic and selected native species in the Southern Cone of Latin America and in the Southern United States. Exotic eucalyptus plantations in South America were most profitable, with internal rates of returns (IRRs) ranging from 13% to 23%, followed by exotic loblolly pine, with IRRs from 9% to 17%. Average loblolly pine plantation returns in the US South were less profitable, with an IRR of about 9.5%, and natural forest management in the South had IRRs of 4% to 8%. Subtropical native species plantations of the best araucaria and nothofagus species had reasonable financial returns, with IRRs ranging from 5% to 13%. Subtropical or tropical native forests had fewer commercial timber species, and had much lower growth rates and returns. Their IRRs were less than 4%, or even negative for unmanaged stands. State subsidy payments for forest plantations or for timber stand improvements increased IRRs somewhat and reserving areas for environmental protection reduced their IRRs slightly. Including land costs in the cash flows decreased these internal rates of return substantially. Natural stand returns in Latin America were much less than those of plantations, but management of those stands offered better rates of return than only holding the land.     

Determining the climatic suitability of Eucalyptus dunnii for plantations in Australia,China and Central and South America

Climatic conditions within the naturaldistribution of Eucalyptus dunnii were determinedusing interpolated relationships developed forAustralia. Climatic interpolation relationships forAfrica, Central and South America and China as well asAustralia were then used to examine locations where E.dunnii has been successfully grown in trials and todetermine the species' climatic adaptability outsideits natural range. The original climatic profile wasrevised and maps were produced to show climaticallysuitable regions in Australia, China and Central andSouth America.     

杨柳科植物的分类与分布

杨柳科包含２个亚科、５个属、约５００种；杨亚科由杨属和胡杨属组成，柳亚科由原柳属、钻天柳属和柳属组成；该科广泛自然分布天大约从北纬８２度至南纬５２度的非洲、欧洲、亚洲、南美洲和北美洲。杨属约５０种，分布于欧洲、亚洲、北美洲和非洲北缘；胡杨属约３种，间断分布于热带非洲、古地中海地区和墨西哥；原柳属约５０种，广泛分布于非洲、欧洲、亚洲、南美洲和北美洲；钻天柳属约４种，局限分布于鄂霍次克海和日本海四周地     

The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus: lessons for its current range expansion in South America and invasive pest management in general

The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a plant feeding insect believed to be native to Southern Asia or Australia. This mealybug has become established in many regions throughout the world (including the Caribbean and North America) in the past 100 years and is currently expanding its range in South America. Because this insect is of concern as a potential pest of many plant species, this review is provided to summarize knowledge of M. hirsutus based on past research that may be most useful for addressing the current invasion of South America by the species, and to identify gaps in information that may need to be addressed to inhibit the spread of the insect and improve management methods for this and similar organisms. In most areas into which M. hirsutus has expanded its range it is commonly suppressed by native or introduced natural enemies. Therefore, besides preventing introduction, establishment and spread of this potential pest, efforts should be made to determine if natural enemies of M. hirsutus are present in areas of concern (i.e., where the mealybug may be introduced and become established). Such information will enable determination of the need for introduction or augmentation of biological control agents in response to possible entry and establishment of the mealybug in new areas. Methods developed in response to the recent invasion of the Caribbean and North America by M. hirsutus may serve as models for addressing the threat of this and similar invasive pests in South America and elsewhere.     

A preliminary report on decay and canker of Acacia richii caused by Inonotus rickii in China

An epidemic wood‐decaying fungus, Inonotus rickii, originating from South America, has spread to the Mediterranean area and southern China. We report the first observation of this fungus on Acacia richii in Panzhihua, southern China. It causes serious canker and decay on urban trees in the investigated area. In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed that the fungus from Panzhihua is closely related to isolates from Europe, South America, Mianyang and Hainan of China. Moreover, it was concluded that the isolates of the species previously reported from the USA do not belong to I. rickii.     

Population dynamics of Thaumastocoris peregrinus in Eucalyptus plantations of South Africa

Journal of Pest Science - Thaumastocoris peregrinus is a sap-sucking insect that infests non-native Eucalyptus plantations in Africa, New Zealand, South America and parts of Southern Europe, in...     

庐山风景区的外来入侵植物

庐山风景区外来植物计有17科43种,优势科现象明显,其中菊科(Compositae)13种最多,其次是禾本科(Gramineae)4种、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)4种。庐山风景区外来植物的原产地主要为南美和中美洲(37.2%)、北美(20.9%)和欧洲(18.6%)。分析表明,在干扰生境下,有利于外来杂草种群定居传播的性状有:1年生或越年生为主,种子或果实传播方式多样、量大,具有特殊的附属结构、拟态性等,植株耐践踏,具有化学防卫机制(化感作用、植株有毒)等,这些特征可作为外来种杂草化风险评估时的参考。     

赴南美考察专家组的报告

本文介绍了赴南美竹类研究专家组在智利、秘鲁、厄瓜多尔等国的考察情况和三国的竹子资源与竹材加工利用概况。